Download or read book A Review of Literature on the Removal of Microbial Contaminants from Drinking Water written by Hongde Zhou and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews the various water treatment technologies available to remove micro-organisms from raw water supplies. Discussions of each technology includes a process overview, performance information, design considerations, operating and maintenance aspects, and notes on costs and status of technology development. In addition, the impacts of important micro-organisms and relevant regulations are examined to highlight the significance and requirements of removing micro-organisms from water treatment processes. Specific consideration is made regarding those technologies suitable for small community systems located in the Northern River Basins Study area. Types of technologies examined include pre-filtration processes such as coagulation and sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. Three types of package plants (conventional, tube-type clarification, and adsorption clarifier) suitable for small communities are also reviewed.
Download or read book A Review of Literature on the Removal of Inorganic Contaminants from Drinking Water written by L. E. Liem and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a literature review of the current state of knowledge in the area of inorganic chemical removal from drinking water. The review considers inorganic chemical parameters that include arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, chloride, chromium, copper, cyanide, fluoride, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nitrate, selenium, sodium, sulphide, total dissolved solids, uranium, and zinc. Sources of inorganic chemicals include industrial and municipal effluent, agricultural runoff, and natural sources. Both conventional and advance treatment processes are noted to give an idea of how each contaminant could be removed. These processes include coagulation, softening, filtration, oxidation, adsorption, ion exchange, distillation, membrane processes, aeration, and dilution.
Download or read book Water Treatment and Pathogen Control written by LeChevallier M.W. and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2004-09-24 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This publication provides a critical analysis of the literature on removal and inactivation of pathogenic microbes in water to aid the water quality specialist and design engineer in making decisions regarding microbial water quality.
Download or read book A Review of Literature on the Removal of Organic Chemicals from Drinking Water written by Nicholas J. Oke and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the literature concerning the current state of knowledge of removing organic chemicals from drinking water. Such chemicals may include humic substances produced by degradation of plant and animal matter, contaminated leachate from landfills and lagoons, agricultural runoff, and accidental and illegal dumping of chemicals. Treatment techniques reviewed include coagulation, softening, sedimentation, filtration, chlorination, adsorption on activated carbon or resins, air stripping, reverse osmosis, and the use of oxidants or ultraviolet radiation.
Download or read book Physical Removal of Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physical Removal of Microbial Contamination Agents in Drinking Water written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Elimination of Micro organisms by Drinking Water Treatment Processes written by Wim A. M. Hijnen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing Microbial Safety of Drinking Water written by A. Dufour and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2003-11-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inadequate drinking water quality and poor sanitation have remained the world's major causes of preventable morbidity and mortality. In 1996 the OECD called for concerted action to improve the assessment and management of the world's sources of drinking water. This guidance document seeks to respond to this call. It is the product of a shared initiative between the OECD and the World Health Organization. It is a state-of-the-art review that will contribute to the revisions of the WHO's Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Assessing Microbial Safety Of Drinking-water has elements of both revolution and evolution. It is revolutionary in that it supports a rapidly emerging approach for a broader, system-wide management perspective. This is based on a risk management framework that has evolved from the traditional indicator concept to include multiple parameters and where consideration is also given to tolerable risk, water quality targets and public health status.
Download or read book Controlling Disinfection By products and Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water written by Robert M. Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Treatment of Microbial Contaminants in Potable Water Supplies written by Jerrold J. Troyan and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1991-01-14 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifies the best technologies or other means that are generally available, taking costs into consideration, for inactivating or removing microbial contaminants from surface water and groundwater supplies of drinking water. More specifically, it discusses water treatment technologies to be used by community and non-community water systems in removing turbidity, Giardia, viruses, and bacteria.
Download or read book Elimination of Micro organisms by Water Treatment Processes written by Wim A. M. Hijnen and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2010-05-14 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special Offer: KWR Drinking Water Treatment Set - Buy all five books together and save a total £119! The overall aim of Elimination of Micro-organisms by Water Treatment Processes is to present default values for the micro-organisms elimination or inactivation credit of universally used processes in water treatment (MEC or MIC). The growing interest in Quantitative Microbial Risk assessment (QMRA) for safe drinking water requires such data. These MEC or MIC values have been calculated from research on elimination of viruses, bacteria and bacterial spores and protozoa (oo)cysts (Cryptosporidium and Giardia) by these treatment processes published in the international literature. The data have been selected on the base of different quality criteria related to information on applied experimental conditions and used methods. Furthermore the studies have been categorized on base of their similarities with ‘real world’ conditions (selected micro-organisms, scale and conditions of the tested processes). The international literature data revealed a high variation in elimination. The major parameters and process control parameters affecting elimination are described. This new edition describes the state-of-the-art progress in research on conventional treatment, coagulation and flocculation, rapid granular filtration, slow sand filtration and UV disinfection. Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/WaterbornePathogens
Download or read book Removal of Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Purification written by Alexandru Grumezescu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-12-28 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water Purification, a volume in the Nanotechnology in the Food Industry series, provides an in-depth review of the current technologies and emerging application of nanotechnology in drinking water purification, also presenting an overview of the common drinking water contaminants, such as heavy metals, organics, microorganisms, pharmaceuticals, and their occurrences in drinking water sources. As the global water crisis has motivated the industry to look for alternative water supplies, nanotechnology presents significant potential for utilizing previously unacceptable water sources. This books explores the practical methodologies for transforming water using nanotechnologies, and is a comprehensive reference to a wide audience of food science research professionals, professors, and students who are doing research in this field. Includes the most up-to-date information on nanotechnology applications and research methods for water purification and treatment Presents applications of nanotechnology and engineered nanomaterials in drinking water purification to improve efficiency and reduce cost Provides water purification research methods that are important to water quality, including precipitation, adsorption, membrane separation, and ion exchange Covers the potential risks of nanotechnology, such as the toxicological effects of engineered nanomaterials in water and how to minimize risks based on research studies
Download or read book Development of a Decentralized Drinking Water Treatment Plant Based on Membrane Technology for Rural Areas in Vietnam written by Ngoc Dao Trinh and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2018-06-28 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane technology with effective removal of microbial contaminants has been applied widely in drinking water treatment (DWT), but its sustainable and efficient application in rural areas still needs practical research. Backflushing and chemical cleaning are well investigated for membrane-based systems. However, these methods are not always followed properly and in full, especially in cases of applications for remote areas in developing countries. Important key challenges in real world applications are how the system would actually sustain with unskilled personnel, with no electric power for backflushing or with no chemical cleaning on the long run. These challenges were addressed within the framework of this dissertation. A dead-end Ultrafiltration (UF) with flat-sheet membranes was configured to a stationary DWT system working with low pressure and simplest maintenance, in combination with a suitable chlorination solution without energy demand. In the literature review of this dissertation, an overview of many up-to-date membrane based systems in different categories of use is given in detail, covering different aspects of technology, service efficiency and economics. Hydraulic performance of membrane-based systems is normally studied in lab-scale in limited periods from hours to days. Thus, highlight of this research is the investigation of a full-scale demonstration plant based on UF flat-sheet membrane with pore size of 40 nm, conducted in the Hydraulic Workshop at the University of Kassel, operated continuously day and night for long-term tests. The long-term examination focused on many aspects, from hydraulic performance including flux, permeability, transmembrane pressure, efficiency of the simple membrane cleaning methods, to biological quality of treated water and also efficiency of chlorination by using a mechanical chlorine dosing device. During long-term examination, the phenomenon of gas generation from the water in the plant was recognized. The influence of this phenomenon on the permeate flow rate was evaluated and solution for this problem by the gas trapping device was investigated in this research. The experimental results from long-term examination of the Pilot Plant at the University of Kassel served for the materialization of the system into life. Two DWT plants were implemented in a rural village in southern Vietnam. It could be proved that the product of this research is realistically an economic relief of the long lasted insufficient supply to the crucial demand for safe water in the rural communities of developing countries.
Download or read book Issues in Potable Reuse written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-07-23 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A small but growing number of municipalities are augmenting their drinking water supplies with highly treated wastewater. But some professionals in the field argue that only the purest sources should be used for drinking water. Is potable reuse a viable application of reclaimed water? How can individual communities effectively evaluate potable reuse programs? How certain must "certain" be when it comes to drinking water safety? Issues in Potable Reuse provides the best available answers to these questions. Useful to scientists yet accessible to concerned lay readers, this book defines important terms in the debate and provides data, analysis, and examples of the experience of municipalities from San Diego to Tampa. The committee explores in detail the two major types of contaminants: Chemical contaminants. The committee discusses how to assess toxicity, reduce the input of contaminants, evaluate treatment options, manage the byproducts of disinfection and other issues. Microbial contaminants, including newly emerging waterborne pathogens. The book covers methods of detection, health consequences, treatment, and more. Issues in Potable Reuse reviews the results of six health effects studies at operational or proposed reuse projects. The committee discusses the utility of fish versus mammals in toxicology testing and covers issues in quality assurance.
Download or read book Microbial Community Dynamics and Assembly written by Yan Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The supply of safe drinking water is a necessity for our societies. The microbiological quality of drinking water is the most important measure of water quality directly related to public health risks from waterborne diseases. Despite the long history of water research, the processes controlling microbiological quality of drinking water remain elusive to both researchers and practitioners in the field of drinking water treatment and management, representing a critical but long standing knowledge gap. The microbial communities in drinking water systems may be influenced by multiple processes including the source water, treatment barriers, persistence to disinfection, as well as biofilm development and detachment throughout the distribution system. Previous efforts, however, are mostly limited to only one of these processes, leading to inconsistent results and incomplete understanding as expected. Taking advantages of high-throughput metagenomics tools, this research for the first time applied a systematic approach linking all relevant processes to the microbiological quality of drinking water. It is revealed that the core populations of the sampled drinking water microbial communities are dominated by Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria affiliated to the families of Methylobacteriaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Comamonadaceae, and Oxalobacteraceae. The characteristics of the source water and the disinfection step in the drinking water treatment process train are found to be the most important factors controlling the bacterial community structure in drinking water. Despite its potential in enhancing the removal of microbial contaminants, membrane filtration as an increasingly popular treatment alternative to rapid sand filtration is not shown to have impact differing from that of conventional rapid sand filtration on drinking water microbial communities. The compositions of drinking water microbial communities examined in this study were dominated by a few very abundant species followed by a long tail of rare species, which is well represented by the Zipf-Mandelbrot model, accounting for 90% of the total variances and revealing low niche diversity in drinking water and distribution systems. Findings from this research provide much needed insight into the processes shaping the microbial communities in drinking water and the knowledge base for the development of effective strategies for the control of microbial contaminants in drinking water.
Download or read book Guidelines for Drinking water Quality written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 1993 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes the methods used in the surveillance of drinking water quality in the light of the special problems of small-community supplies, particularly in developing countries, and outlines the strategies necessary to ensure that surveillance is effective.
