Download or read book A Production based Model for Predicting Heating Oil Prices written by James Richard Porter and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Are Product Spreads Useful for Forecasting written by Christiane Baumeister and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Notwithstanding a resurgence in research on out-of-sample forecasts of the price of oil in recent years, there is one important approach to forecasting the real price of oil which has not been studied systematically to date. This approach is based on the premise that demand for crude oil derives from the demand for refined products such as gasoline or heating oil. Oil industry analysts such as Philip Verleger and financial analysts widely believe that there is predictive power in the product spread, defined as the difference between suitably weighted refined product market prices and the price of crude oil. Our objective is to evaluate this proposition. We derive from first principles a number of alternative forecasting model specifications involving product spreads and compare these models to the no-change forecast of the real price of oil. We show that not all product spread models are useful for out-of-sample forecasting, but some models are, even at horizons between one and two years. The most accurate model is a time-varying parameter model of gasoline and heating oil spot spreads that allows the marginal product market to change over time. We document MSPE reductions as high as 20% and directional accuracy as high as 63% at the two-year horizon, making product spread models a good complement to forecasting models based on economic fundamentals, which work best at short horizons.

Download or read book Innovations in Quantitative Risk Management written by Kathrin Glau and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-09 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative models are omnipresent –but often controversially discussed– in todays risk management practice. New regulations, innovative financial products, and advances in valuation techniques provide a continuous flow of challenging problems for financial engineers and risk managers alike. Designing a sound stochastic model requires finding a careful balance between parsimonious model assumptions, mathematical viability, and interpretability of the output. Moreover, data requirements and the end-user training are to be considered as well. The KPMG Center of Excellence in Risk Management conference Risk Management Reloaded and this proceedings volume contribute to bridging the gap between academia –providing methodological advances– and practice –having a firm understanding of the economic conditions in which a given model is used. Discussed fields of application range from asset management, credit risk, and energy to risk management issues in insurance. Methodologically, dependence modeling, multiple-curve interest rate-models, and model risk are addressed. Finally, regulatory developments and possible limits of mathematical modeling are discussed.

Download or read book Learning Deep Architectures for AI written by Yoshua Bengio and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2009 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical results suggest that in order to learn the kind of complicated functions that can represent high-level abstractions (e.g. in vision, language, and other AI-level tasks), one may need deep architectures. Deep architectures are composed of multiple levels of non-linear operations, such as in neural nets with many hidden layers or in complicated propositional formulae re-using many sub-formulae. Searching the parameter space of deep architectures is a difficult task, but learning algorithms such as those for Deep Belief Networks have recently been proposed to tackle this problem with notable success, beating the state-of-the-art in certain areas. This paper discusses the motivations and principles regarding learning algorithms for deep architectures, in particular those exploiting as building blocks unsupervised learning of single-layer models such as Restricted Boltzmann Machines, used to construct deeper models such as Deep Belief Networks.

Download or read book The Distributional Implications of the Impact of Fuel Price Increases on Inflation written by Mr. Kangni R Kpodar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-11-12 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the response of consumer price inflation to changes in domestic fuel prices, looking at the different categories of the overall consumer price index (CPI). We then combine household survey data with the CPI components to construct a CPI index for the poorest and richest income quintiles with the view to assess the distributional impact of the pass-through. To undertake this analysis, the paper provides an update to the Global Monthly Retail Fuel Price Database, expanding the product coverage to premium and regular fuels, the time dimension to December 2020, and the sample to 190 countries. Three key findings stand out. First, the response of inflation to gasoline price shocks is smaller, but more persistent and broad-based in developing economies than in advanced economies. Second, we show that past studies using crude oil prices instead of retail fuel prices to estimate the pass-through to inflation significantly underestimate it. Third, while the purchasing power of all households declines as fuel prices increase, the distributional impact is progressive. But the progressivity phases out within 6 months after the shock in advanced economies, whereas it persists beyond a year in developing countries.

Download or read book Forecast Models and Policy Analysis written by Janet Syme and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The oil price forecasts made following the 1973 oil shock critically shaped the investment and energy policies implemented by industry and government. Even though these forecasts were made by different models and researchers, all of them predicted that oil prices would be over three times what they actually turned out to be in 1987. To determine why all these forecasts were so wrong, this Note compares the assumptions made by different models and the effect upon the forecasts of altering these assumptions. The results show that the probable source of error is the price elasticity of demand for oil used in the models. The actual elasticities are considerably higher than the elasticities assumed by the models, indicating the prevailing misconception that consumer demand response to changes in oil prices is small."--Rand abstracts.

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Application of Markov Model in Crude Oil Price Forecasting written by Nuhu Isah and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crude oil is an important energy commodity to mankind. Several causes have made crude oil prices to be volatile. The fluctuation of crude oil prices has affected many related sectors and stock market indices. Hence, forecasting the crude oil prices is essential to avoid the future prices of the non-renewable natural resources to rise. In this study, daily crude oil prices data was obtained from WTI dated 2 January to 29 May 2015. We used Markov Model (MM) approach in forecasting the crude oil prices. In this study, the analyses were done using EViews and Maple software where the potential of this software in forecasting daily crude oil prices time series data was explored. Based on the study, we concluded that MM model is able to produce accurate forecast based on a description of history patterns in crude oil prices.

Download or read book Handbook of Economic Forecasting written by Graham Elliott and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-08-23 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The highly prized ability to make financial plans with some certainty about the future comes from the core fields of economics. In recent years the availability of more data, analytical tools of greater precision, and ex post studies of business decisions have increased demand for information about economic forecasting. Volumes 2A and 2B, which follows Nobel laureate Clive Granger's Volume 1 (2006), concentrate on two major subjects. Volume 2A covers innovations in methodologies, specifically macroforecasting and forecasting financial variables. Volume 2B investigates commercial applications, with sections on forecasters' objectives and methodologies. Experts provide surveys of a large range of literature scattered across applied and theoretical statistics journals as well as econometrics and empirical economics journals. The Handbook of Economic Forecasting Volumes 2A and 2B provide a unique compilation of chapters giving a coherent overview of forecasting theory and applications in one place and with up-to-date accounts of all major conceptual issues. - Focuses on innovation in economic forecasting via industry applications - Presents coherent summaries of subjects in economic forecasting that stretch from methodologies to applications - Makes details about economic forecasting accessible to scholars in fields outside economics

Download or read book A Micro Based Model for World Oil Market written by Ramon Espinasa and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we study the supply-demand drivers of the price of oil over the last two decades. We address the problem of endogeneity using a novel SVAR approach, which allows us to incorporate technological restrictions that occur at the micro level in the production of crude oil to solve the identification problem in a reduced form regression analysis that seeks to disentangle the drivers of oil prices. We explore the relationships between oil prices, rig counts, oil production and an index of world economic activity, and provide results for a heterogeneous set of countries. We find that when oil prices peaked in mid-2008 reaching almost US$150 compared to US$14 in 1998, a large proportion of the price move can be explained through a purely demand and supply factors.

Download or read book Introduction to Oil and Gas Supply Models written by Stanford University. Energy Modeling Forum and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Oil Prices and the Global Economy written by Mr.Rabah Arezki and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a simple macroeconomic model of the oil market. The model incorporates features of oil supply such as depletion, endogenous oil exploration and extraction, as well as features of oil demand such as the secular increase in demand from emerging-market economies, usage efficiency, and endogenous demand responses. The model provides, inter alia, a useful analytical framework to explore the effects of: a change in world GDP growth; a change in the efficiency of oil usage; and a change in the supply of oil. Notwithstanding that shale oil production today is more responsive to prices than conventional oil, our analysis suggests that an era of prolonged low oil prices is likely to be followed by a period where oil prices overshoot their long-term upward trend.

Download or read book Forecasting Models of Electricity Prices written by Javier Contreras and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-04-06 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Forecasting Models of Electricity Prices" that was published in Energies

Download or read book A Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Predictive Model for Crude Oil Demand written by Saud Al-Fattah and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a rigorous and advanced computational model to describe, analyze, and forecast global crude oil demand. The paper deploys a hybrid approach of artificial intelligence techniques: artificial neural network and genetic algorithms, to devise a methodological framework for developing forecasting models of global crude oil demand. We piloted two country cases of a high oil producer (Saudi Arabia) and a high oil consumer (China) to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed methodology for developing oil demand outlook using artificial intelligence.The input variables of the neural network models include gross domestic product, population, oil prices, gas prices, and transport data, in addition to transformed variables and functional links. The artificial intelligent predictive models of oil demand were successfully developed, trained, validated and tested using historical oil-market data yielding excellent predictions of oil demand. The performance of the intelligent models of Saudi Arabia and China were examined for generalization attribute, predictability, and accuracy. Oil demand models for Saudi Arabia and China achieved a high prediction accuracy of a correlation coefficient of 0.975 and 0.996, respectively.The intelligent outlook models show that crude oil demand for both Saudi Arabia and China will continue to increase for the outlook period (2018-2022) but with mildly declining growth. This falling growth of oil demand can be attributed to the increase in energy efficiency, fuel switching, conversion of power plants from crude to gas-based plants, and an increase in the utilization of renewable energy such as solar and wind for electric generation and water desalination.The methodology proposed improves and enhances the conventional process of developing the oil demand outlook. It also improves and enhances the predictability and accuracy of current forecasting models of oil demand. In this study, features selection techniques are applied to identify and understand the endogenous and exogenous factors that influence global energy markets, particularly those factors that impact and drive global oil demand.

Download or read book Essays on the Macroeconomic Effects of Energy Price Shocks written by Mark Alan Melichar and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first chapter I study the effects of oil price shocks on economic activity at the U.S. state-level, an innovative feature of this dissertation. States which rely more heavily on manufacturing or tourism are more adversely affected by adverse oil price shocks, while states which are major energy producers either benefit or experience insignificant economic changes from historically large oil price increases. Additionally, oil price increases from 1986 to 2011 have not impacted state-level economies to the same degree as increases from 1976 to 1985. This discrepancy can be attributed to a fundamental change in the structure of the U.S. economy, for example, a declining manufacturing sector or an increase in the efficiency with which energy is used in the production process. In the second chapter I explore the effects of alternative measures of energy price shocks on economic activity and examine the relative performance of these alternative measures in forecasting macroeconomic activity. The alternative energy prices I consider are: gasoline, diesel, natural gas, heating oil and electricity. I find that alternative measures of energy price shocks produce different patterns of impulse responses than oil price shocks. The overwhelming evidence indicates that alternative energy price models, excluding a model containing gasoline prices, outperforms the baseline model containing oil prices for many states, particularly at short-to-mid forecast horizons. In the third chapter, which is coauthored with Lance Bachmeier, we determine whether accounting for oil price endogeneity is important when predicting state-level economic activity. We find that accounting for endogeneity matters for in-sample fit for most states. Specifically, in-sample fit would be improved by using a larger model which contains both regular oil price and endogenous oil price movements. However, we conclude that accounting for endogeneity is not important for out-of-sample forecast accuracy, and a simple model containing only the change in the price of oil produces equally accurate forecasts. Accounting for endogeneity is particularly important in an environment in which rising oil prices were caused by a growing global economy, such as in the years 2004-2007.

Download or read book Handbook of Economic Forecasting written by Graham Elliott and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-24 with total page 1386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The highly prized ability to make financial plans with some certainty about the future comes from the core fields of economics. In recent years the availability of more data, analytical tools of greater precision, and ex post studies of business decisions have increased demand for information about economic forecasting. Volumes 2A and 2B, which follows Nobel laureate Clive Granger's Volume 1 (2006), concentrate on two major subjects. Volume 2A covers innovations in methodologies, specifically macroforecasting and forecasting financial variables. Volume 2B investigates commercial applications, with sections on forecasters' objectives and methodologies. Experts provide surveys of a large range of literature scattered across applied and theoretical statistics journals as well as econometrics and empirical economics journals. The Handbook of Economic Forecasting Volumes 2A and 2B provide a unique compilation of chapters giving a coherent overview of forecasting theory and applications in one place and with up-to-date accounts of all major conceptual issues. - Focuses on innovation in economic forecasting via industry applications - Presents coherent summaries of subjects in economic forecasting that stretch from methodologies to applications - Makes details about economic forecasting accessible to scholars in fields outside economics

Download or read book The Role of Speculation in Oil Markets written by Bassam Fattouh and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: