Download or read book A market for Abdu creating a commodity exchange in Ethiopia written by Eleni Gabre-Madhin and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2012 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Creating Agricultural Markets written by Abenet Bekele Haile and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commodity exchanges can provide emerging market economies with orderly, transparent, and efficient markets by acting as mechanisms that mitigate price risk, discover equilibrium prices, and connect buyers and sellers. Exchanges can also reduce transaction costs and information asymmetries by using technology to disseminate market information while creating better supply chains. The Ethiopia commodity exchange is striving to transform Ethiopia's agriculture sector from a fragmented one marked by high transaction costs and low quality standards to a thriving and reliable part of the country's economy. Ethiopia's exchange continues to expand its activity across the farming regions of the country.
Download or read book On Making Agricultural Markets Work for the Poor written by Maria Quattri and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis contributes to the literature on making agricultural markets work for the poor, with specific reference to Ethiopia. It contains three substantive chapters, which may be read independently. The chapters use primary surveys with traders conducted in 2002 (chapters 2 and 3) and 2007 (all the chapters).Chapter 1 investigates Ethiopian traders' decision on whether and how much to use brokers. Results shine light on how the Ethiopia Commodity Exchange (ECX), which recently formalized the brokerage functions, could be most beneficial for the functioning of agricultural markets. We show that the ECX could consider introducing new food crops in the trading system, offering warehouse receipt financing to its clients, and spreading the network of its warehouses throughout the country. Chapter 2 inquires whether the focus on technological and institutional upgrading is sufficient to make Ethiopian agricultural markets more efficient and if the existence of many small intermediaries causes market inefficiency. Findings suggest that, when transporters are used, transport costs could be reduced by avoiding trans-shipment, and reducing the number of times the transporter has to stop to allow for cargo loading and off-loading. No evidence is found for increasing returns to transaction size. Chapter 3 conceptualizes the notion of market integration as 'tradability' and analyses what determines the likelihood of market diversification among Ethiopian traders. The variables that are found to significantly impact on this probability are location (which is correlated with access to asphalt roads), availability of market information, traders' educational level, access to commercial finance and storage capacity. Results indicate that market fundamentals affected the likelihood of market diversification more in 2007, when prices were rapidly surging, than in 2001 when prices were decreasing. The findings of this thesis support the 'getting markets right' school, in that incentives, infrastructure and institutions are essential for market development, and long-distance coordination of market exchange can be achieved through public-private cooperation.
Download or read book The Impact of Ethiopian Commodity Exchange Market ECX on Ethiopian Rural Households written by Roza Azene and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, I study the impact of the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange (ECX) market on farm prices and farmer total revenues in rural Ethiopia. After the establishment of ECX in 2008, and its wide spread success story, unlike other African countries' counterparts, some theoretical researchers suggest that ECX has provided farmers with higher and more stable prices by reducing transactional costs and decreasing informational asymmetry. To test this theoretical hypothesis, I use a panel dataset and the non-linear as well as the difference-in-difference econometric models in search for changes made by this market and their statistical significance. I used distance from warehouses to create the treatment group definition to understand the impact between the treatment and control groups. The results are fairly consistent with the theoretical assumptions, expecialy for coffee, showing that people closer to the ECX warehouses have in fact received higher prices, and hence revenues relatively, although some of the estimators were not statistically significant. The fact that the datasest ranged until only 2009 is a major time horizone limitation of the study as the impacts made by ECX couldn't have been fully realized just a year and a half as it only had a few warehouses operating at that time. However, I hope that the research will give an empirical understanding of how a ECX has affected the primary stakeholders: the farmers. I believe, with a better set of data of wider time horizon and more variables, these analyses can be advanced to shed light on successful markets and inspire others to build systems where they don't exist especially in the agricultural sector of developing countries like Ethiopia.
Download or read book Cooperation for competition written by Gian Nicola Francesconi and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-08-28 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout history, rural smallholders have formed various forms of associations to confront access-barriers to the market. It is estimated that 250 million farmers participate in agricultural cooperatives in developing countries. Agricultural cooperatives are considered to be a fundamental pillar of rural development strategies, as well as a core institution in the process of governance decentralization and agri-business development. In Ethiopia, where agro-ecological conditions are generally favourable, 85 percent of the national population lives in rural areas under subsistence or semi-subsistence regimes. Agricultural cooperatives are advocated by the government as key market institutions to exploit Ethiopia's agricultural growth potential. The scope of this study is to improve the understanding of the role played by cooperative organizations in linking Ethiopian smallholder farmers to emerging markets. Through exploring the evolution of supermarkets, integrated supply chains, and global commodity exchange networks, this study sheds light on the relationship between rural cooperation and farmers' competitiveness. Quantitative data that form the basis for this study were collected from the Highland regions of Ethiopia, in the period between 2003 and 2006. Findings suggest that cooperatives are not a panacea to boost rural competitiveness. Collective action assists smallholders in procuring state subsidy for production, but does not necessarily lead to increased commercialization. Only when collective action involves collective marketing do farmers become more commercial, further improving production volumes and productivity. However, in the process of commercialization and production intensification quality management is often neglected in Ethiopian agricultural cooperatives. This study reveals guidelines for public-private partnerships so that cooperative farmers can maximize commercialization and optimize the balance between quality and productivity.
Download or read book An assessment of IFPRI S work in Ethiopia 1995 2010 Ideology influence and idiosyncrasy written by Mitch Renkow, and Roger Slade and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Challenges of Ethiopian Commodity Exchange in a Coffee Market written by Tekabe Sinatyehu and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To plan a suitable organizational growth as well as for great contribution for the economy, ECX need to identify the basic problems.Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the basic challenges of ECX on coffee: with the reference of yirgachiffe, sidama, harari and jimma coffee.The findings result from this study reveal that shortfall of agricultural product, physical infrastructure, macroeconomic instability, price fluctuation, lack of adequate warehouses that accommodate ECX participants request, . Higher penalty cost imposed on the participants for not withdrawing their commodity from the warehouses, poor quality of warehouse service insufficient time to store and transfer the commodity, inefficient and inadequate in store credit; discouraging the membership requirement of ECX, expensive membership seat fee and exposed for corruption were found to be amongst the fore front challenges to the success of ECX
Download or read book The Ethiopian Commodity Exchange and Spatial Price Dispersion written by Hailemariam Ayalew and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural commodity markets in developing countries are characterized by high transaction costs and risks that reduce trade flows among spatial markets. We examine whether institutionalized agricultural commodity exchange markets reduce transaction costs and hence spatial price dispersion using the introduction of the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange (ECX) as a quasi-experiment. We use a commodity level Difference-in-Difference identification strategy to compare the spatial price dispersion of cereals that are traded at ECX (maize and wheat) with a cereal traded only at the local market (teff). Results show that ECX significantly reduces the spatial price dispersion of maize and wheat compared to teff. This effect varies depending on crop type and the time length since the ECX started trading the commodity. The longer the duration, the larger the reduction in price dispersion. We also find that dissemination of price information is the main channel through which the commodity exchange affects spatial price dispersion.
Download or read book Structure and performance of Ethiopia s coffee export sector written by Minten, Bart and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2014-06-20 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the structure and performance of the coffee export sector in Ethiopia, Africas most important coffee producer, over the period 2003 to 2013. We find an evolving policy environment leading to structural changes in the export sector, including an elimination of vertical integration for most exporters. Ethiopias coffee export earn-ings improved dramatically over this period, i.e. a four-fold real increase. This has mostly been due to increases in international market prices. Quality improved only slightly over time, but the quantity exported increased by 50 percent, seemingly explained by increased domestic supplies as well as reduced local consumption. To further improve export performance, investments to increase the quantities produced and to improve quality are needed, including an increase in washing, certification, and traceability, as these characteristics are shown to be associ-ated with significant quality premiums in international markets.
Download or read book Institutions and Market Integration written by Manuel A. Hernandez and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange (ECX) is widely credited to be a successful on several accounts, there has been little rigorous empirical investigation. This paper attempts to fill that gap by analyzing how ECX has influenced the international-domestic price relationships of coffee -- the largest traded commodity on its floor. We examine three aspects of price dynamics -- market interdependence, volatility transmission, and structural breaks -- using a spatially disaggregated prices of five coffee varieties. The results indicate that contrary to popular media stories, ECX's success in improving coffee price relationships has been limited. The results appear to be robust under all three sets of analysis.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy written by Fantu Cheru and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a war-torn and famine-plagued country at the beginning of the 1990s, Ethiopia is today emerging as one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa. Growth in Ethiopia has surpassed that of every other sub-Saharan country over the past decade and is forecast by the International Monetary Fund to exceed 8 percent over the next two years. The government has set its eyes on transforming the country into a middle-income country by 2025, and into a leading manufacturing hub in Africa. The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy studies this country's unique model of development, where the state plays a central role, and where a successful industrialization drive has challenged the long-held erroneous assumption that industrial policy will never work in poor African countries. While much of the volume is focused on post-1991 economic development policy and strategy, the analysis is set against the background of the long history of Ethiopia, and more specifically on the Imperial period that ended in 1974, the socialist development experiment of the Derg regime between 1974 and 1991, and the policies and strategies of the current EPRDF government that assumed power in 1991. Including a range of contributions from both academic and professional standpoints, this volume is a key reference work on the economy of Ethiopia.
Download or read book Commodity exchanges and warehouse receipts in Malawi Current status and their implications for the development of structured markets written by Baulch, Bob and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2018-11-08 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the landscape in which Malawi’s two agricultural commodity exchanges (Comex) and warehouse receipts systems (WRS) operate and makes recommendations on how to improve their performance and benefits to key stakeholders. A mixed methods approach was adopted, involving semi-structured interviews with key market participants, compilation and analysis of secondary data from Malawi and other African Comex, and a review of existing literature. A review of international experience indicates that historically Comex often develop hand-in-hand with warehouse receipt systems (WRS), which help stimulate demand from off takers for standardized contracts while providing financing that increased volumes traded. In recent years, electronic trading platforms have given an impetus to the consolidation of existing Comex, and the development of regional networks of exchanges and warehousing arrangements. Nonetheless, a common reason why Comex fail is that they do no attract sufficient trading volumes to pay for their operating costs. This is often associated with default on contracts and fears of the market for commodities being cornered by a few larger traders. Of the 23 Comex in Africa, over half are still in their planning or inception stages and, with the notable exception of the agricultural futures and options traded on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, most of the remaining Comex are thinly traded and receive financial support from government and/or donors.
Download or read book The economics of teff Exploring Ethiopia s biggest cash crop written by Minten, Bart and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2018-07-19 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considerable poverty and food insecurity in Ethiopia, combined with the overwhelming majority of Ethiopians who depend on agriculture for their livelihoods, make agricultural transformation a crucial development goal for the country. One promising improvement is to increase production of teff, the calorie- and nutrient-rich but low-yielding staple. The Economics of Teff: Exploring Ethiopia’s Biggest Cash Crop examines key aspects of teff production, marketing, and consumption, with a focus on opportunities for and challenges to further growth. The authors identify ways to realize teff’s potential, including improving productivity and resilience, selecting and scaling up new technologies, establishing distribution systems adapted to different areas’ needs, managing labor demand and postharvest operations, and increasing access to larger and more diverse markets. The book’s analysis and policy conclusions should be useful to policy makers, researchers, and others concerned with Ethiopia’s economic development.
Download or read book African Farmers Value Chains and Agricultural Development written by Alan de Brauw and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-02 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a thorough introduction to and examination of agricultural value chains in Sub-Saharan Africa. First, the authors introduce the economic theory of agri-food value chains and value chain governance, focusing on domestic and regional trade in (and consumption of) food crops in a low-income country context. In addition to mainstream and heterodox thinking about value chain development, the book pays attention to political economy considerations. The book also reviews the empirical evidence on value chain development and performance in Africa. It adopts multiple lenses to examine agricultural value chains, zooming out from the micro level (e.g., relational contracting in a context of market imperfections) to the meso level (e.g., distributional implications of various value chain interventions, inclusion of specific social groups) and the macro level (underlying income, population and urbanization trends, volumes and prices, etc.).Furthermore, this book places value chain development in the context of a process the authors refer to as structural transformation 2.0, which refers to a process where production factors (labor, land and capital) move from low-productivity agriculture to high-productivity agriculture. Finally, throughout the book the authors interpret the evidence in light of three important debates: (i) how competitive are rural factor and product markets, and what does this imply for distribution and innovation? (ii) what role do foreign investment and factor proportions play in the development of agri-food value chains in Africa? (iii) what complementary government policies can help facilitate a process of agricultural value chain transformation, towards high-productive activities and enhancing the capacity of value chains to generate employment opportunities and food security for a growing population.
Download or read book Institutional Reform and Diaspora Entrepreneurs written by Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Externally-promoted institutional reform, even when nominally accepted by developing country governments, often fails to deliver lasting change. Diasporans-immigrants who still feel a connection to their country of origin-may offer an In-Between Advantage for institutional reform, which links problem understanding with potential solutions, and encompasses vision, impact, operational, and psycho-social advantages. Individuals with entrepreneurial characteristics can catalyzing institutional reform. Diasporans may have particular advantages for entrepreneurship, as they live both psychologically and materially between the place of origin they left and the new destination they have embraced. Their entrepreneurial characteristics may be accidental, cultivated through the migration and diaspora experience, or innate to individuals' personalities. This book articulates the diaspora institutional entrepreneur In-Between Advantage, proposes a model for understanding the characteristics and motivational influences of entrepreneurs generally and how they apply to diaspora entrepreneurs in particular, and presents a staged model of institutional entrepreneur actions. I test these frameworks through case narratives of social institutional reform in Egypt, economic institutional reform in Ethiopia, and political institutional reform in Chad. In addition to identifying policy implications, this book makes important theoretical contributions in three areas. First, it builds on existing and emerging critiques of international development assistance that articulate prescriptions related to alternative theories of change. Second, it fills an important gap in the literature by focusing squarely on the role of agency in institutional reform processes while still accounting for organizational systems and socio-political contexts. In doing so, it integrates a more expansive view of entrepreneurism into extant understandings of institutional entrepreneurism, and it sheds light on what happens in the frequently-invoked black box of agency. Third, it demonstrates the fallacy of many theoretical frameworks that seek to order institutional change processes into neatly definable linear stages.
Download or read book Evidence on Key Policies for African Agricultural Growth written by Xinshen Diao and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2013-02-12 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely agreed that reducing poverty in Africa south of the Sahara (SSA) depends largely on stimulating growth in agriculture. To this end, heads of state in Africa rallied to form the pan-African Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) with the goal of raising investments and improving strategy implementation. However, while implementing an agricultural agenda under the CAADP framework, more and more countries have realized that increasing public investment in agriculture alone is not enough. Policy can play an important role not only to make public investment more efficient, but also is crucial for incentivizing private sector and farmer investment in agriculture. Against this backdrop this paper takes stock of current agricultural policies in SSA with a view to identifying policies that are working as well as areas for improvement. The paper examines policies to encourage the adoption of agricultural inputs, initiate greater private-sector investment in agriculture and agro-industries, and manage price volatility while encouraging openness. The paper further reviews successful land tenure policies and property rights systems, reviews the evidence on the synergies between agriculture and nutrition, and examines how CAADP is laying the institutional architecture for improved policy formulation in Africa. In general, the paper finds that although substantial progress has been made, there is considerable scope for improvement. This is not surprising given the relatively primitive and deeply rooted nature of smallholder farming in Africa. Evidence synthesized in the paper supports the view that most policies cannot be implemented in isolation. Rather, policies tend to be most effective when implemented along with complementary policies and public investments.
Download or read book The Politics of Technology in Africa written by Iginio Gagliardone and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As more Africans get online, information and communication technologies (ICTs) are increasingly hailed for their transformative potential. Yet, the fascination for the possibilities of promoting more inclusive forms of development in the information age have obfuscated the reality of the complex negotiations among political and economic actors who are seeking to use technology in their competition for power. Building on over ten years of research in Ethiopia, Iginio Gagliardone investigates the relationship between politics, development, and technological adoption in Africa's second most populous country and its largest recipient of development aid. The emphasis the book places on the 'technopolitics' of ICTs, and on their ability to embody and enact political goals, offers a strong and empirically grounded counter-argument to prevalent approaches to the study of technology and development that can be applied to other cases in Africa and beyond.
