Download or read book A Hybrid Intelligent System Approach to Legal Reasoning written by Pooja Raundale and published by Mha Publisher. This book was released on 2023-09-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many legal expert systems are dependent on the concept of complex models. They are implemented using these complex models of legal reasoning. The legal expert systems are useful only if they are used by the users. The users of the expert systems are mainly common men, lawyers or any other person who is studying law. The usability of the Expert System predominantly depends on the quality factor of the system. A complex model of legal reasoning is not necessary; a successful legal expert system can be based upon a simplified model of legal reasoning. A useful legal expert system should be capable of producing advice similar to a lawyer, so it should operate at the same way as a lawyer works in his area. A legal expert system called NIRNAY has been developed to demonstrate that a useful legal expert system can be based upon a pragmatic approach to the law. NIRNAY is a Hybrid Intelligent System which uses two methods of reasoning to give the advice to the user of the system. NIRNAY has an Application layer above the two modules. These modules are Case Based Reasoner module and Rule Based Reasoner module. The rule base and case base are used for representation of knowledge about the domain. NIRNAY is a hybrid intelligent system in the sense that its advice is based upon the two methods of reasoning; it uses the Rule Based Reasoning and Case Based Reasoning to produce the advice. The first module i.e. RBR module checks the validity of the contract and the argument is produced by the CBR module for Breach of Building Contract, an argument, about the similarities and differences between cases. NIRNAY tries to use the way in which lawyers argue with cases. It also attempts to use the way in which lawyers decide which cases to use in the arguments. It makes use of 'similarity measure' to find the similarity between the cases. It decides which cases to use in argument, and what prediction it will make, on the basis of that similarity measure. NIRNAY is tested for both the modules and it indicates that it is exceptionally good at predicting results, and fairly good at choosing cases with which to construct its arguments. NIRNAY demonstrates the viability of a pragmatic approach to legal expert system design.

Download or read book An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Legal Reasoning written by Anne von der Lieth Gardner and published by Bradford Books. This book was released on 1987-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Law and legal reasoning are a natural target for artificial intelligence systems. Like medical diagnosis and other tasks for expert systems, legal analysis is a matter of interpreting data in terms of higher-level concepts. But in law the data are more like those for a system aimed at understanding natural language: they tell a story about human events that may lead to a lawsuit. Statements of the law, too, are written in natural language and legal arguments are often arguments about what that language means or ought to mean.This study is one of the few research efforts in this fertile area. It is unique in developing a computational model for analyzing legal problems in a way that brings these strands of AI research together and makes sense from a jurisprudential perspective as well.Gardner first analyzes several positions in Anglo-American jurisprudence and their relevance for work in artificial intelligence. She identifies aspects of legal reasoning that any truly expert system in law must make a place for and suggests a way of decomposing the process of legal analysis that takes these aspects into account. She compares the resulting framework with those used by other legal analysis programs. A solid exposition of current AI techniques follows in chapters covering the author's system (written in Maclisp) for offer and acceptance problems, taken from law examinations, involved in contract law.Anne von der Lieth Gardner has a law degree and a Ph.D. in computer science, both from Stanford University. An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Legal Reasoning inaugurates the series Artificial Intelligence and the Law: Processes and Models of Legal Reasoning, edited by L. Thorne McCarty and Edwina L. Rissland. A Bradford Book.

Download or read book Automation of Legal Reasoning written by P. Wahlgren and published by Springer. This book was released on 1992-10-07 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an analysis of the development which has lead up to the formation of a joint field of artificial intelligence and law. It discusses the basic foundations and also addresses the future prospects of the discipline. The author formulates a design approach for advanced Artificial Intelligence systems for law, and concludes with a discussion about the potentialities and the consequences of future development.

Download or read book Scientific Models of Legal Reasoning written by Scott Brewer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-28 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1998. This five-volume series contains some of this century's most influential or thought provoking articles on the subject of legal argument that have appeared in Anglo-American philosophy journals and law reviews. This volume offers a collection of essays by philosophers and legal scholars on economics, artificial intelligence and the physical sciences.

Download or read book Design and Application of Hybrid Intelligent Systems written by Ajith Abraham and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Legal Reasoning written by Anne von der Lieth Gardner and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mind Machine And Metaphor written by Alexander E. Silverman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-08 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mind, Machine, and Metaphor is a rich, original, and wide-ranging view of legal theory in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) research. It is essential reading for legal theorists and for legal scholars and students of AI with an interest in each other's fields.

Download or read book Hybrid Intelligent Systems written by Larry R. Medsker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid Intelligent Systems summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of five intelligent technologies: fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, case-based reasoning, neural networks and expert systems, reviewing the status and significance of research into their integration. Engineering and scientific examples and case studies are used to illustrate principles and application development techniques. The reader will gain a clear idea of the current status of hybrid intelligent systems and discover how to choose and develop appropriate applications. The book is based on a thorough literature search of recent publications on research and development in hybrid intelligent systems; the resulting 50-page reference section of the book is invaluable. The book starts with a summary of the five major intelligent technologies and of the issues in and current status of research into them. Each subsequent chapter presents a detailed discussion of a different combination of intelligent technologies, along with examples and case studies. Four chapters contain detailed case studies of working hybrid systems. The book enables the reader to: Describe the important concepts, strengths and limitations of each technology; Recognize and analyze potential problems with the application of hybrid systems; Choose appropriate hybrid intelligent solutions; Understand how applications are designed with any of the approaches covered; Choose appropriate commercial development shells or tools. An invaluable reference source for those who wish to apply intelligent systems techniques to their own problems.

Download or read book SHYSTER A Pragmatic Legal Expert System written by James Popple and published by Australian National Univ.. This book was released on 1993-04-29 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most legal expert systems attempt to implement complex models of legal reasoning. But the utility of a legal expert system lies not in the extent to which it simulates a lawyer’s approach to a legal problem, but in the quality of its predictions and of its arguments. A complex model of legal reasoning is not necessary: a successful legal expert system can be based upon a simplified model of legal reasoning. Some researchers have based their systems upon a jurisprudential approach to the law, yet lawyers are patently able to operate without any jurisprudential insight. A useful legal expert system should be capable of producing advice similar to that which one might get from a lawyer, so it should operate at the same pragmatic level of abstraction as does a lawyer—not at the more philosophical level of jurisprudence. A legal expert system called SHYSTER has been developed to demonstrate that a useful legal expert system can be based upon a pragmatic approach to the law. SHYSTER has a simple representation structure which simplifies the problem of knowledge acquisition. Yet this structure is complex enough for SHYSTER to produce useful advice. SHYSTER is a case-based legal expert system (although it has been designed so that it can be linked with a rule-based system to form a hybrid legal expert system). Its advice is based upon an examination of, and an argument about, the similarities and differences between cases. SHYSTER attempts to model the way in which lawyers argue with cases, but it does not attempt to model the way in which lawyers decide which cases to use in those arguments. Instead, it employs statistical techniques to quantify the similarity between cases. It decides which cases to use in argument, and what prediction it will make, on the basis of that similarity measure. SHYSTER is of a general design: it can provide advice in areas of case law that have been specified by a legal expert using a specification language. Hence, it can operate in different legal domains. Four different, and disparate, areas of law have been specified for SHYSTER, and its operation has been tested in each of those domains. Testing of SHYSTER in these four domains indicates that it is exceptionally good at predicting results, and fairly good at choosing cases with which to construct its arguments. SHYSTER demonstrates the viability of a pragmatic approach to legal expert system design.

Download or read book AI Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems written by Pompeu Casanovas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-09 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes revised selected papers from the two International Workshops on Artificial Intelligence Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems, AICOL IV and AICOL V, held in 2013. The first took place as part of the 26th IVR Congress in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, during July 21-27, 2013; the second was held in Bologna as a joint special workshop of JURIX 2013 on December 11, 2013. The 19 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this book. They are organized in topical sections named: social intelligence and legal conceptual models; legal theory, normative systems and software agents; semantic Web technologies, legal ontologies and argumentation; and crowdsourcing and online dispute resolution (ODR).

Download or read book A Hybrid Legal Expert System written by Thomas A O'Callaghan and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legal expert systems are the nexus of Artificial Intelligence and the law. A legal expert system is "a system capable of performing at a level expected of a lawyer" [Popple 1996, page 3]. Legal expert systems may be designed for use by legally trained people or for use by the general public ("lay-people"). Legal expert systems designed for use by legally trained people aim to provide a method of speeding-up the provision, and improving the accuracy, of legal research undertaken with the aim of advising the client. Designed for use by legally trained people, these systems may assume general legal knowledge. Consequently the questions asked by the system and the reports returned may be stated at a level appropriate for legally trained people. The primary benefit of this category of legal expert system is the reduction of internal cost of legal research. The flow-on benefits for clients reductions in the cost of legal services and consequently improved access to quality representation, and reduction of the time taken to resolve a legal question. Legal expert systems designed for use by lay-people aim to provide greater access to the law. This category of legal expert system is more difficult to create because no legal knowledge by the user can be assumed. The discovery of the facts of the case becomes problematic [Susskind 2001]. More research is required in the area of fact elicitation before such systems become viable. Once they are viable, access to the law should be dramatically improved. A consequential benefit may be a reduction in litigation, as potential litigants could settle their dispute by reference to the advice of a legal expert system. However, such a system would raise an important ethical question -- the creators of such a system may be usurping the role of the courts in that the public may come to rely on the statements by the system as "what the law is". SHYSTER-MYCIN is the legal expert system created for and discussed in this thesis. SHYSTER-MYCIN combines rule-based reasoning with case-based reasoning. The system is designed as the first category of legal expert systems described above: a legal expert system to be consulted by legally trained people. This hybrid system enables the case-based reasoner to determine open-textured concepts when required by the rule-based reasoner, MYCIN. The system operates on a reduced version of the Copyright Act 1968, including cases that define the term "authorization" (see Chapter 2). The Act is reasoned by a system of rules. Whereas cases are reasoned by analogy. This approach is supported by jurisprudential discussions on legal reasoning (see Chapter 3). The system was created in three progressive versions (Chapter 5). The focus of the creation of the system was the reporting of reasons for conclusions. The second and third versions were tested against three criteria: validity, conciseness and correctness (see Chapter 6). The system performed well (see Chapter 7) against those criteria, indicating that the approach taken is appropriate: that is, it is appropriate to use rules to reason with statutes and analogy to reason with cases.

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence and Legal Analytics written by Kevin D. Ashley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-10 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how text analytics and computational models of legal reasoning will improve legal IR and let computers help humans solve legal problems.

Download or read book Reasoning with Rules and Precedents written by L. Karl Branting and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few areas of human expertise are so well understood that they can be completely reduced to general principles. Similarly, there are few domains in which experience is so extensive that every new problem precisely matches a previous problem whose solution is known. When neither rules nor examples are individually sufficient, problem-solving expertise depends on integrating both. This book presents a computational framework for the integration of rules and cases for analytic tasks typified by legal analysis. The book uses the framework for integrating cases and rules as a basis for a new model of legal precedents. This model explains how the theory under which a case is decided controls the case's precedential effect. The framework for integrating rules and cases is implemented in GREBE, a system for legal analysis. The book presents techniques for representing, indexing, and comparing complex cases and for converting justification structures based on rules and case into natural-language text. This book will interest researchers in artificial intelligence, particularly those involved in case-based reasoning, artificial intelligence and law, and formal models of argumentation, and to scholars in legal philosophy, jurisprudence, and analogical reasoning.

Download or read book Is Law Computable written by Simon Deakin and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does computable law mean for the autonomy, authority, and legitimacy of the legal system? Are we witnessing a shift from Rule of Law to a new Rule of Technology? Should we even build these things in the first place? This unique volume collects original papers by a group of leading international scholars to address some of the fascinating questions raised by the encroachment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into more aspects of legal process, administration, and culture. Weighing near-term benefits against the longer-term, and potentially path-dependent, implications of replacing human legal authority with computational systems, this volume pushes back against the more uncritical accounts of AI in law and the eagerness of scholars, governments, and LegalTech developers, to overlook the more fundamental - and perhaps 'bigger picture' - ramifications of computable law. With contributions by Simon Deakin, Christopher Markou, Mireille Hildebrandt, Roger Brownsword, Sylvie Delacroix, Lyria Bennet Moses, Ryan Abbott, Jennifer Cobbe, Lily Hands, John Morison, Alex Sarch, and Dilan Thampapillai, as well as a foreword from Frank Pasquale.

Download or read book Approaches to Legal Ontologies written by Giovanni Sartor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-25 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides the reader with a unique source regarding the current theoretical landscape in legal ontology engineering as well as on foreseeable future trends for the definition of conceptual structures to enhance the automatic processing and retrieval of legal information in the Semantic Web framework. It will thus interest researchers in the domains of the SW, legal informatics, Artificial Intelligence and law, legal theory and legal philosophy, as well as developers of e-government applications based on the intelligent management of legal or public information to provide both back-office and front-office support.

Download or read book New Developments in Legal Reasoning and Logic written by Shahid Rahman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-16 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book intends to unite studies in different fields related to the development of the relations between logic, law and legal reasoning. Combining historical and philosophical studies on legal reasoning in Civil and Common Law, and on the often neglected Arabic and Talmudic traditions of jurisprudence, this project unites these areas with recent technical developments in computer science. This combination has resulted in renewed interest in deontic logic and logic of norms that stems from the interaction between artificial intelligence and law and their applications to these areas of logic. The book also aims to motivate and launch a more intense interaction between the historical and philosophical work of Arabic, Talmudic and European jurisprudence. The publication discusses new insights in the interaction between logic and law, and more precisely the study of different answers to the question: what role does logic play in legal reasoning? Varying perspectives include that of foundational studies (such as logical principles and frameworks) to applications, and historical perspectives.

Download or read book Legal Knowledge and Information Systems written by IOS Press and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2013-11-28 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the same way that it has become part of all our lives, computer technology is now integral to the work of the legal profession. The JURIX Foundation has been organizing annual international conferences in the area of computer science and law since 1988, and continues to support cutting-edge research and applications at the interface between law and computer technology. This book contains the 16 full papers and 6 short papers presented at the 26th International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (JURIX 2013), held in December 2013 in Bologna, Italy. The papers cover a wide range of research topics and application areas concerning the advanced management of legal information and knowledge, including computational techniques for: classifying and extracting information from, and detecting conflicts in, regulatory texts; modeling legal argumentation and representing case narratives; improving the retrieval of legal information and extracting information from legal case texts; conducting e-discovery; and, applications involving intellectual property and IP licensing, online dispute resolution, delivering legal aid to the public and organizing the administration of local law and regulations. The book will be of interest to all those associated with the legal profession whose work involves the use of computer technology.