Download or read book A Historical Study of the Concept of Case in English Grammar written by Wallace Joseph Vickers and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Historical Study of the Genitive Case in English written by Ann Isaac D'Aquin and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Syntactic Case and Morphological Case in the History of English written by Ans van Kemenade and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 1987 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The English Language and English Grammar an Historical Study of the Sources Development and Analogies of the Language and of the Principles Governi written by Samuel Ramsey and published by Theclassics.Us. This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1892 edition. Excerpt: ...on many occasions does the office of a whole word and expresses the his and her of our forefathers." In the absence of direct evidence, it would be a strange derivation to suppose s a substitute for her; and the same reasoning would derive it from their in "children's play." Even admitting these to be blundering imitations of his, the question remains: Is not his formed from he by adding a possessive s? The truth is that throughout the Aryan family s, with or without modifying vowels, is one of the most common possessive endings. In versification it is convenient to be able to vary the length of a word by adding or omitting a syllable. The omission is the most common, and syllables already feebly pronounced are the victims. Our early poets wrote in full, and trusted to the ear and intelligence of the reader to leave some letters and syllables unpronounced. The rhythm might require " landes," for example, to be read in one place as two syllables, and in another as one. At length writers fell upon the expedient of omitting silent letters and marking their place with the sign (') which now occurs so often in our poetry. "But I must leave the proofs to those who've seen 'em." Byron. At the beginning of the seventeenth century these abbreviations were employed, but not especially to denote the possessive case, but rather more frequently for other purposes: "and for the rest o' th' fleet." Shakesp.: "Tempest." "Your Son's my Father's friend." "Cymbeline." "Loves Labour's Lost." "thou hast pared thy wit o' both sides, and left nothing i' th' middle--"Lear." The following examples from Sir Walter Raleigh will show how the plural and the possessive...

Download or read book Case Grammar and Diachronic English Syntax written by Dennis E. Baron and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A historical approach to English Phraseology written by Jerry Paramo and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2014-04-02 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,00, University of Bamberg, language: English, abstract: A field of study, or generally of interest, does by no means simply consist of one or two basic components and then form a large, complex construction; on the contrary: many varieties, shapes and forms are needed for any such system to function and to be fully appreciated. A very wide variety of specific requirements, ideas, theories, views etc. have always assisted and also guided the human race in its seemingly never ending thirst for power, wisdom, and above all knowledge. The simple fact of being able to read these lines is an example of such progressive steps, as is being able to interpret a painting or a creative form of architecture. One thing most people probably would not question further, since everyone is capable of it at the age of three or four, is the concept of speech. One learns at home and in school, and that is that, to put it rather bluntly. However, in time one will notice that not every person in fact uses the same capacity of speech as another person might do. This of course must not be misunderstood on a global scale, since of course there are so many different languages throughout the world. This is only meant for a certain language, in this case English. Not every English speaking person will know what it means when someone “kicked the bucket” or “bought the farm”. Did he or she really kick a bucket, or buy a farm? Of course not. But that is precisely the point. There are certain elements within the structure of a language that cannot be easily determined, certain phrases, words and especially the meanings behind such phrases or words. This particular field of study, or as Rosemarie Gläser refers to it, “a sub discipline of the linguistic system” as “an expanding field of research” (Cowie 1998: 125), contains many interesting single topics. Only defining a phraseological unit as “a lexicalized reproducible bilexemic or polylexemic word group in common use” (1998: 125) does in fact make one have a certain feeling of confusion. This definition is not exactly helpful or overall understandable. Yet when dealing with English phraseology from a functional, stylistic or a cognitive approach, many more interesting and exciting aspects appear. This paper however will deal with a different point of view on the subject. It is rather unique and can be used for practically any subject or topic one chooses.

Download or read book The Elements of Grammar Taught in English written by Edward Thring and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Elements of Grammar Taught in English: With Questions The study of Grammar in English has been much neglected, nay by some been put on one side as an impossibility. There was perhaps much ground for this opinion, in the medley of arbitrary rules thrown before the student, which applied indeed to a certain number of instances, but would not work at all in many others, as must always be the case when principles are not put forward in a language full of ambiguities. Partly too, histories of language, and treatises on language, have usurped the place of Grammar, and misled many by giving the name of Grammar to philological research. Yet it may be well to remember that to speak ungrammatically is to talk nonsense, and that ordinary Grammar is nothing more than the knowledge how to clothe thought in a presentable dress. The presentviii preface TO the second edition. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book It is me vs It is I Case Study on the effects of prescriptivism written by Xoana Costa Rivas and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-10-18 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2015 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, University of Manchester, language: English, abstract: English grammar writing started in the late 16th century and flourished during the 18th century. It was common for grammarians during this era to adopt a prescriptivist attitude towards language; that is, they would dictate norms of correct usage of the language rather than describing language use. This trend lost weight from the 19th century onwards. One of the constructions prescriptive grammarians usually criticised was it is me, with an object case pronoun, as opposed to the traditionally correct it is I, with a subject case pronoun. The aim of this paper is to look at the reasoning behind grammarians’ choice of correct form, and assess the effects of prescriptivism on actual language use. This was done by looking at a self-compiled precept corpus made of 66 historical English grammars, ranging from the 16th to the 20th century, as well as a usage corpus (ARCHER and Old Bailey) with data from the same eras. The results show prescriptivist negative comments towards it is me decreasing diachronically, and while grammars definitely did not advocate for the use of the object case pronoun in this construction, people still used it in their speech, but not, however, on their writings, which clearly indicates a division between the uses of these two constructions. It is me has, nonetheless, succeeded in becoming part of the present-day Standard. This dissertation hopes to make a valuable contribution on the field of Normative Linguistics, and to be used as ground for future research.

Download or read book Weld s English Grammar written by Allen Hayden Weld and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-05-07 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Weld's English Grammar: Illustrated by Exercises in Composition, Analyzing and Parsing Tms work was prepared with the hope of rendering the study of English Grammar more interesting and profitable than is usually the case under the ordinary methods of instruction. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book An Introduction to English Grammar on an Analytical Plan written by Samuel Webber and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from An Introduction to English Grammar, on an Analytical Plan: Adapted to the Use of Students in Colleges and the Higher Classes in Schools and Academies Lowth is in some degree liable to the same objections, as must necessarily be the case, since a great portion of his work is copied literally into that of Murray; yet inits original shape may be seen greater distinctness of general principles and philosophical investigation. Both works have however done good service to the language, in bringing order into and establishing it in its usage; and to them may be attributed much of the settled form it now wears in general acceptation. Yet they seem to have this great defect, - they are too syn thetical; they seem too much to treat of the use of language, as if it were derived from the principles of grammar and in pursuance of its forms, instead of treat ing of grammar as derived from the use of language, and merely embodying and arranging the forms and principles established by custom in the common employ ment of it. Hence these systems have too artificial a character, one too independent of the realities of the case, and too unconnected with them; so that they are studied without their real relation to language being properly perceived and, aided as this imperfection of the plan is by the defects above pointed out, it hence results, that much time is often wasted in the study of grammar without leading to a proper understanding of the language. When grammar, without more explanation, is defined to be the art of reading and writing a language with propriety, it is hardly to be wondered at, that it should be considered as something not essentially inherent in the use of the language and derived from it, but as something artificial fastened upon it, to guide and\ di rect it. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Diachronic Pragmatics written by Leslie K. Arnovick and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2000-02-15 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of Diachronic Pragmatics is to exemplify historical pragmatics in its twofold sense of constituting both a subject matter and a methodology. This book demonstrates how diachronic pragmatics, with its complementary diachronic function-to-form mapping and diachronic form-to-function mapping, can be used to trace pragmatic developments within the English language. Through a set of case studies it explores the evolution of such speech acts as promises, curses, blessings, and greetings and such speech events as flyting and sounding. Collectively these “illocutionary biographies” manifest the workings of several important pragmatic processes and trends: increased epistemicity, subjectification, and discursization (a special kind of pragmaticalization). It also establishes the centrality of cultural traditions in diachronic reconstruction, examining various de-institutionalizations of extra-linguistic context and their affect on speech act performance. Taken together, the case studies presented in Diachronic Pragmatics highlight the complex interactions of formal, semantic, and pragmatic processes over time. Illustrating the possibilities of historical pragmatic pursuit, this book stands as an invitation to further research in a new and important discipline.

Download or read book Standardising English written by Linda Pillière and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This path-breaking study of the standardisation of English goes well beyond the traditional prescriptivism versus descriptivism debate. It argues that the way norms are established and enforced is the result of a complex network of social factors and cannot be explained simply by appeals to power and hegemony. It brings together insights from leading researchers to re-centre the discussion on linguistic communities and language users. It examines the philosophy underlying the urge to standardise language, and takes a closer look at both well-known and lesser-known historical dictionaries, grammars and usage guides, demonstrating that they cannot be simply labelled as 'prescriptivist'. Drawing on rich empirical data and case studies, it shows how the norm continues to function in society, influencing and affecting language users even today.

Download or read book Abstracts of Dissertations for the Degrees of Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Education written by Stanford University and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Typological Changes in the Lexicon written by Alexander Haselow and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-01-27 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first study of the typological change of English from a synthetic towards an analytic language that focuses exclusively on the lexical domain of the language. It presents an innovative approach to linguistic typology by focusing on the different encoding techniques used in the lexicon, providing a theoretical framework for the description of structural types (synthetic, analytic) and encoding techniques (fusional, isolating, agglutinative, incorporating) found in the lexicon of a language. It is argued that, in the case of English, the change from syntheticity to analyticity did not only affect its inflectional system and the encoding of grammatical information, but also the derivational component. Based on a cognitive approach to derivation, the book provides empirical evidence for a considerable decline in the use of synthetic structures and a trend towards higher degrees of analyticity in a specific lexical domain of English, the formation of nouns by means of derivation. The full extent of this change surfaced during the transition from Old English to early Middle English, but it was later partly reversed though influence from French. The typological shift was thus the result of a global structural reorganization of the language that resulted in a fundamental change of the structure of words. The book also presents a comprehensive account of the historical development of nominal derivation from the beginnings of Old English until the end of the early Middle English period. Based on empirical data from written sources the study documents the frequency of use of all Germanic-based derivational morphemes for nominalizations over different subperiods and discusses their origin as well as important changes of their semantic and morphological properties.

Download or read book An Abridgment of L Murray s English Grammar written by Lindley Murray and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from An Abridgment of L. Murray's English Grammar: With an Appendix, Containing an Exemplification of the Parts of Speech, and Exercises in Syntax; Designed for the Use of the Younger Class of Learners A smear inspection of the manner in which the work is executed, will shew that it is not, in any case, intended to supply the place, or supercede the use of the original Grammar. - If, however, the teachers of such children as can devote but a small part of their time to this study, should think proper to make use of it, they will not, it is imagined, find it more defective than abridgments are in general. It exhibits a general scheme of the subjects of Grammar; and contains definitions and rules, which the Compiler endeavored to render as exact, concise and in telligiblc, as the nature. Oi me. Wish. Jcet would admit. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Differences in British and American English A Corpus based Case Study written by Christian Roßmeier and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,7, University of Bayreuth, language: English, abstract: Considering the "inevitability of change", Ferdinand de Saussure once stated: "Time changes all things: there is no reason why language should escape this universal law". In reference to the English language, Trask noted: "English [...] has been changing throughout its history and is still changing today". In doing so, there is a great number of factors playing an important role for ongoing changes in a language such as sociolinguistic causes of chance which are illustrated in Aitchison in a very coherent and detailed way. "Geographical separation" will be the central keyword, as I will investigate differences and varieties in British and American English use of language. Surprisingly, in comparing Australia and New Zealand, where "equally big differences in language [...] from their mother country" could be expected, it turns out that this is not the case. Although differences in slang expressions can be recognized, spelling and word usage, actually, are alike the original British form so that these differences seem trivial in contrast to the variety of English used in the United States. Therefore, I have decided to focus my attention on specific distinctive attributes of the American variety of English and, based on foregoing research in this field, to create a questionnaire whereby central hypotheses are to be checked and verified, at best. Hence, this paper comprises a brief summary of previous knowledge on this matter, so to speak the theoretical background of my work. Moreover, not only regional factors play a role but also the interviewee's social background when it comes to certain features of language such as word use. Thus, it is highly exciting to see what assessments will be done in the course of this paper.

Download or read book Historical journey in a linguistic archipelago written by Émilie Aussant and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-12-14 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a selection of papers presented during the 14th International Conference on the History of the Language Sciences (ICHoLS XIV, Paris, 2017). Part I brings together studies dealing with descriptive concepts. First examined is the notion of “accidens” in Latin grammar and its Greek counterparts. Other papers address questions with a strong echo in today’s linguistics: localism and its revival in recent semantics and syntax, the origin of the term “polysemy” and its adoption through Bréal, and the difficulties attending the description of prefabs, idioms and other “fixed expressions”. This first part also includes studies dealing with representations of linguistic phenomena, whether these concern the treatment of local varieties (so-called patois) in French research, or the import and epistemological function of spatial representations in descriptions of linguistic time. Or again, now taking the word “representation” literally, the visual display of grammatical relations, in the form of the first syntactic diagrams. Part II presents case studies which involve wider concerns, of a social nature: the “from below” approach to the history of Chinese Pidgin English underlines the social roles of speakers and the diversity of speech situations, while the scrutiny of Lhomond’s Latin and French textbooks demonstrates the interplay of pedagogical practice, cross-linguistic comparison and descriptive innovation. An overview of early descriptions of Central Australian languages reveals a whole spectrum of humanist to positivist and antihumanist stances during the colonial age. An overarching framework is also at play in the anthropological perspective championed by Meillet, whose socially and culturally oriented semantics is shown to live on in Benveniste. The volume ends with a paper on Trần Đức Thảo, whose work is an original synthesis between phenomenology and Marxist semiology, wielded against the “idealistic” doctrine of Saussure.