Download or read book Validity in Educational and Psychological Assessment written by Paul Newton and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Validity is the hallmark of quality for educational and psychological measurement. But what does quality mean in this context? And to what, exactly, does the concept of validity apply? These apparently innocuous questions parachute the unwary inquirer into a minefield of tricky ideas. This book guides you through this minefield, investigating how the concept of validity has evolved from the nineteenth century to the present day. Communicating complicated concepts straightforwardly, the authors answer questions like: What does ′validity′ mean? What does it mean to ′validate′? How many different kinds of validity are there? When does validation begin and end? Is reliability a part of validity, or distinct from it? This book will be of interest to anyone with a professional or academic interest in evaluating the quality of educational or psychological assessments, measurements and diagnoses.

Download or read book Assessment Equity and Opportunity to Learn written by Pamela A. Moss and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-04-07 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing all students with a fair opportunity to learn (OTL) is perhaps the most pressing issue facing U.S. education. Moving beyond conventional notions of OTL – as access to content, often content tested; access to resources; or access to instructional processes – the authors reconceptualize OTL in terms of interaction among learners and elements of their learning environments. Drawing on socio-cultural, sociological, psychometric, and legal perspectives, this book provides historical critique, theory and principles, and concrete examples of practice through which learning, teaching, and assessment can be re-envisioned to support fair OTL for all students. It offers educators, researchers, and policy analysts new to socio-cultural perspectives an engaging introduction to fresh ideas for conceptualizing, enhancing, and assessing OTL; encourages those who already draw on socio-cultural resources to focus attention on OTL and assessment; and nurtures collaboration among members of discourse communities who have rarely engaged one another's work.

Download or read book Advancing Human Assessment written by Randy E. Bennett and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-17 with total page 717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license.​​ This book describes the extensive contributions made toward the advancement of human assessment by scientists from one of the world’s leading research institutions, Educational Testing Service. The book’s four major sections detail research and development in measurement and statistics, education policy analysis and evaluation, scientific psychology, and validity. Many of the developments presented have become de-facto standards in educational and psychological measurement, including in item response theory (IRT), linking and equating, differential item functioning (DIF), and educational surveys like the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), the Programme of international Student Assessment (PISA), the Progress of International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) and the Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). In addition to its comprehensive coverage of contributions to the theory and methodology of educational and psychological measurement and statistics, the book gives significant attention to ETS work in cognitive, personality, developmental, and social psychology, and to education policy analysis and program evaluation. The chapter authors are long-standing experts who provide broad coverage and thoughtful insights that build upon decades of experience in research and best practices for measurement, evaluation, scientific psychology, and education policy analysis. Opening with a chapter on the genesis of ETS and closing with a synthesis of the enormously diverse set of contributions made over its 70-year history, the book is a useful resource for all interested in the improvement of human assessment.

Download or read book Mechanization of Reasoning in a Historical Perspective written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-03-13 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is written jointly by Witold Marciszewski, who contributed the introductory and the three subsequent chapters, and Roman Murawski who is the author of the next ones - those concerned with the 19th century and the modern inquiries into formalization, algebraization and mechanization of reasonings. Besides the authors there are other persons, as well as institutions, to whom the book owes its coming into being. The study which resulted in this volume was carried out in the Historical Section of the research project Logical Systems and Algorithms for Automatic Testing of Reasoning, 1986-1990, in which participated nine Polish universities; the project was coordinated by the Department of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science of the Bia??l??ystok Branch of the University of Warsaw, and supported by the Ministry of Education (some of its results are reported in (Srzednicki (Ed.) 1987). The major part of the project was focussed on the software for computer-aided theorem proving called Mizar MSE (Multi-Sorted first-order logic with Equality, reported in (Marciszewski 1994a)) due to Dr. Andrzej Trybulec. He and other colleagues deserve a grateful mention for a hands-on experience and theoretical stimulants owed to their collaboration.

Download or read book Historical Perspectives in Industrial and Organizational Psychology written by Laura Koppes Bryan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-30 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historical Perspectives in Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Second Edition updates the first edition with the latest creative and scholarly views of I-O psychology to provide a complete, up-to-date understanding of this discipline’s history within a contemporary context. This new edition includes updated chapters from the first edition as well as three completely new chapters: a history of LGBTQ+ employees’ workplace experiences, the evolution of worker well-being and work-life issues, and a reflection on the importance of context when studying workplaces and whether or not the science and practice of I-O psychology is prepared for the future. Historical Perspectives in Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Second Edition compiles chapters written from the historical perspectives of I-O psychologists, historians, and other experts in their fields, all of whom use historical analyses as the method of inquiry rather than provide summarized overviews of the topics. Chapter authors rely on archival materials, primary and secondary sources, as well as interviews with luminaries and experts. Historical Perspectives in Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Second Edition is essential reading for contemporary and aspiring scholars of I-O psychology and related fields, such as history of psychology, human resource management, organizational behavior, and public administration. Both scientists and practitioners will benefit from reading this text.

Download or read book The Qur an in Christian Muslim Dialogue written by Corrie Block and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering an analysis of Christian-Muslim dialogue across four centuries, this book highlights those voices of ecumenical tone which have more often used the Qur’an for drawing the two faiths together rather than pushing them apart, and amplifies the voice of the Qur’an itself. Finding that there is tremendous ecumenical ground between Christianity and Islam in the voices of their own scholars, this book ranges from a period of declining ecumenism during the first three centuries of Islam, to a period of resurging ecumenism during the most recent century until now. Among the ecumenical voices in the Christian-Muslim dialogue, this book points out that the Qur’an itself is possibly the strongest of those voices. These findings are cause for, and evidence of, hope for the Christian–Muslim relationship: that although agreement may never be reached, dialogue has led at times to very real mutual understanding and appreciation of the religious other. Providing a tool for those pursuing understanding and mutual appreciation between the Islamic and Christian faiths, this book will be of interest to scholars and students of Islam, the Qur’an and the history of Christian-Muslim relations.

Download or read book A Short History of Legal Validity and Invalidity written by Maris Köpcke Tinturé and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twin ideas of legal validity and invalidity are ubiquitous in contemporary private and public law. But their roots lie buried deep in European legal culture. This book for the first time traces and reveals these roots. In the course of a 2000-year journey through landmark texts of the Western tradition, from Roman law to modern codification and constitutionalism, the book shows that, contrary to what is often assumed, validity and invalidity originated in the domain of private transactions and only gradually came to be deployed in the domain of official power and law-making. This went hand in hand with legal thought's acknowledgement that law-making itself can be (in)valid, because legally limited, most recently by a body of constitutionally enshrined human rights. Understanding why, not only when, the technique of validity appeared, teaches valuable lessons about the kinds of social and political transformation that this technique can help realise - particularly in our age of emerging legal orders, shifting forms of governance, and fresh challenges to the regulation of exchanges in a digitally scripted world. This accessibly written work will appeal to anyone concerned with validity or invalidity in legal scholarship and practice, whether in public or private law. Dr. Maris Köpcke is a Research Fellow at the Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, and a Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University of Barcelona. She holds a doctorate from Oxford, which won the European Award for Legal Theory 2011. She is the author of Legal Validity: The Fabric of Justice (2019). The book features over a dozen original drawings by the author's mother, Trini Tinturé.

Download or read book Textbook of Cardiology a Clinical and Historical Perspective written by H. K. Chopra and published by JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.. This book was released on 2013-12-15 with total page 805 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performedin the cardiac catheterization laboratory is also included in this section. The next section deals with all aspects of cardiac surgery. Surgery for ischemic heart disease, valve surgery, aortic surgery, robotically assisted cardiac surgery, surgery for congenital heart disease and cardiac transplantation are covered by well-known experts. The last section points to expected refinements and future developments in cardiology, such as stem cell therapy, newer thrombolytics, new frontiers in balloon valvotomy and cardiac transplantation and artificial hearts. This book includes more than 300 full coloured images and illustration. It can be used as a reference book in every library, hospitals, medical colleges and research institutions.

Download or read book Validity in Interpretation written by Eric Donald Hirsch and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1967-01-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The object of interpretation is textual meaning in and for itself and may be called the meaning of the text. The object of criticism, on the other hand, is that meaning in its bearing on something else (standards of value, present concerns, etc.), and this object may therefore may be called the significance of the text. If textual meaning itself could change, contemporary readers would lack a basis for agreement or disagreement. No one would bother seriously to discuss such a protean object. The interpreter has to distinguish what a text implies from what it does not imply; he must give the text its full due, but he must also preserve norms and limits. For hermeneutic theory, the problem is to find a principle for judging whether various possible implications should or should not be admitted. By classifying the text as belonging to a particular genre, the interpreter automatically posits a general horizon for its meaning. The genre provides a sense of the whole, a notion of typical meaning components. Thus, before we interpret a text, we often classify it as casual conversation, lyric poem, military command, scientific prose, occasional verse, novel, epic, etc. The interpreter's job is to specify the text's horizon as far as he is able, and this means, ultimately, that he must familiarize himself with the typical meanings of the author's mental and experiential world. Hermeneutics must stress the reconstruction of the author's aims and attitudes in order to evolve guides and norms for construing the meaning of the text. Ambiguity or, for that matter, vagueness is not the same as indeterminateness. This is the crux of the issue. To say that verbal meaning is determinate is not to exclude complexities of meaning but only to insist that a text's meaning is what it is and not a hundred other things. Taken in this sense, a vague or ambiguous text is just as determinate as a logical proposition; it means what it means and nothing else.

Download or read book The Philosophy of Law in Historical Perspective written by Carl Joachim Friedrich and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1963 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Historical Perspectives in Industrial and Organizational Psychology written by Laura L. Koppes and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book is the first to contain a comprehensive history of industrial and organizational psychology, covering numerous topics in the discipline. The history presented offers various perspectives, including the contributions of individuals, organizations, and contextual or situational forces, as well as an international viewpoint. The authors, all highly regarded experts in their respective topics, use a range of approaches to examine history, demonstrating to readers that there are multiple ways to understand history. This volume will be of interest to industrial and organizational psychologists, business and management academics and professionals, historians of psychology, business, science and science and technology, undergraduate, and graduate students.

Download or read book Test Validity written by Howard Wainer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological and theoretical changes over the past decade have altered the way we think about test validity. This book addresses the present and future concerns raised by these developments. Topics discussed include: * the validity of computerized testing * the validity of testing for specialized populations (e.g., minorities, the handicapped) and * new analytic tools to study and measure validity

Download or read book A Historical Perspective on Evidence Based Immunology written by Edward J. Moticka and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2015-11-25 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Historical Perspective on Evidence-Based Immunology focuses on the results of hypothesis-driven, controlled scientific experiments that have led to the current understanding of immunological principles. The text helps beginning students in biomedical disciplines understand the basis of immunologic knowledge, while also helping more advanced students gain further insights. The book serves as a crucial reference for researchers studying the evolution of ideas and scientific methods, including fundamental insights on immunologic tolerance, interactions of lymphocytes with antigen TCR and BCR, the generation of diversity and mechanism of tolerance of T cells and B cells, the first cytokines, the concept of autoimmunity, the identification of NK cells as a unique cell type, the structure of antibody molecules and identification of Fab and Fc regions, and dendritic cells. - Provides a complete review of the hypothesis-driven, controlled scientific experiments that have led to our current understanding of immunological principles - Explains the types of experiments that were performed and how the interpretation of the experiments altered the understanding of immunology - Presents concepts such as the division of lymphocytes into functionally different populations in their historical context - Includes fundamental insights on immunologic tolerance, interactions of lymphocytes with antigen TCR and BCR, and the generation of diversity and mechanism of tolerance of T and B cells

Download or read book The Concept of Validity written by Robert W. Lissitz and published by IAP. This book was released on 2009-11-01 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Validity is widely held to be the most important criterion for an assessment. Nevertheless, assessment professionals have disagreed about the meaning of validity almost from the introduction of the term as applied to testing about 100 years ago. Over the years, the best and brightest people in assessment have contributed their thinking to this problem and the fact that they have not agreed is testimony to the complexity and importance of validity. Even today, ways to define validity are being debated in the published literature in the assessment profession. How can such a fundamental concept be so controversial? This book brings focus to diverse perspectives about validity. Its chapter authors were chosen because of their expertise and because they differ from each other in the ways they think about the validity construct. Its introduction and ten chapters bridge both the theoretical and the practical. Contributors include most prominent names in the field of validity and their perspectives are at once cogent and controversial. From these diverse and well-informed discussions, the reader will gain a deep understanding of the core issues in validity along with directions toward possible resolutions. The debate that exists among these authors is a rich one that will stimulate the reader’s own understanding and opinion. Several chapters are oriented more practically. Ways to study validity are presented by professionals who blend current assessment practice with new suggestions for what sort of evidence to develop and how to generate the needed information. In addition they provide examples of some of the options on how to present the validity argument in the most effective ways. The initial chapter by the Editor is an effort to orient the reader as well as providing an overview of the book. Bob Lissitz has provided a brief perspective on each of the subsequent chapters as well as presenting a series of questions regarding validation that the reader will want to try to answer for themselves, as he or she reads through this book. This book’s topic is fundamental to assessment, its authors are distinguished, and its scope is broad. It deserves to become established as a fundamental reference on validity for years to come.

Download or read book Validity in the Identification and Interpretation of Literary Allusions in the Hebrew Bible written by David R. Klingler and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the present state of affairs in the area of intertextuality, along with the multitude of competing interpretations of Scripture, Validity in the Identification and Interpretation of a Literary Allusion in the Bible seeks to bring a measure of reason and methodological control back into the discussion. With that in mind, this work is heavily philosophical yet also deeply practical. By defining what literary allusions are and how they work, David Klingler seeks to provide some interpretive criteria for assessing the various claims about literary allusions in the Bible.

Download or read book School Knowledge in Comparative and Historical Perspective written by Aaron Benavot and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-20 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this special edited volume, scholars with diverse backgrounds and conceptual frameworks explore how economic, political, social and ideological forces impact on school curricula over time and place. In providing regional and global perspectives on curricular policies, practices and reforms, the authors move beyond the conventional notion that school contents reflect principally national priorities and subject-based interests.

Download or read book Reliability and Validity of International Large Scale Assessment written by Hans Wagemaker and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes and reviews the development of the quality control mechanisms and methodologies associated with IEA’s extensive program of educational research. A group of renowned international researchers, directly involved in the design and execution of IEA’s international large-scale assessments (ILSAs), describe the operational and quality control procedures that are employed to address the challenges associated with providing high-quality, comparable data. Throughout the now considerable history of IEA’s international large-scale assessments, establishing the quality of the data has been paramount. Research in the complex multinational context in which IEA studies operate imposes significant burdens and challenges in terms of the methodologies and technologies that have been developed to achieve the stated study goals. The demands of the twin imperatives of validity and reliability must be satisfied in the context of multiple and diverse cultures, languages, orthographies, educational structures, educational histories, and traditions. Readers will learn about IEA’s approach to such challenges, and the methods used to ensure that the quality of the data provided to policymakers and researchers can be trusted. An often neglected area of investigation, namely the consequential validity of ILSAs, is also explored, examining issues related to reporting, dissemination, and impact, including discussion of the limits of interpretation. The final chapters address the question of the influence of ILSAs on policy and reform in education, including a case study from Singapore, a country known for its outstanding levels of achievement, but which nevertheless seeks the means of continual improvement, illustrating best practice use of ILSA data.