Download or read book A Description of Some Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays Observed with the Pierre Auger Observatory written by J. Matthews and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion is given of the highest energy events so far recorded by the Pierre Auger Observatory. We present these to illustrate the quality of the information that they contain. The surface detectors are used to measure a rich set of parameters that will eventually help characterize the mass of the incoming primary particle.
Download or read book Composition Analysis of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays Using the Pierre Auger Observatory Surface Detector written by David Scott Barnhill and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The origin and composition of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays has been and continues to be a topic of much study and debate. The Pierre Auger Observatory was designed to investigate the highest energy cosmic rays and resolve some of these problems. In this dissertation, I present a description of the Pierre Auger Observatory and a study of the performance of the surface array as well as work done on the photomultiplier tubes used in the surface array. I also present an analysis done on the composition of the events detected in the surface detector paying special attention to a photon primary assumption. Monte carlo simulations of extensive air showers are put through a simulation of the surface detector and observables are compared to real data. The mean behavior of the real data is compared to various baryonic primary assumptions. For photon primaries, a method is described to set an upper limit on the flux of photons based on comparing real events to expected distributions for photon initiated air showers. An upper limit on the photon flux is presented and compared with predictions from various exotic models of cosmic ray origins.
Download or read book Analysis of Correlations Between Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory and High Energy Neutrinos Detected by the IceCube Experiment written by George Filippatos and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sources of ultra high energy cosmic rays detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory are yet unknown. It is natural to expect that cosmic-ray sources could produce high-energy neutrinos detectable by IceCube. In this work we discuss the potential utility and implementation of a correlation search between IceCube and Auger. Any such correlations would allow an unprecedented view of transient astrophysical events, such as a gamma-ray burst. Where previous studies have focused on thehighest energy events(ECR > 57 EeV), weanalyzethe subthreshold data available in the IceCube public dataset and overlapping Auger data down to ECR = 3 EeV. A likelihood estimator is constructed from spatial and temporal correlations based on Monte Carlo simulations of the data. Data is compared to a randomized (scrambled) data set, where any correlations are bound to be accidental, and shown to be consistent with the background hypothesis. We then discuss how this procedure can be used in a real time search, allowing for any coincidences with sufciently high likelihood to be followed up with near real time multiwavelength observations.
Download or read book Cosmic Rays and Astrophysics written by Carlos Javier Solano Salinas and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2009-05-29 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the School was to promote cosmic ray physics and astrophysics within the Latin American community. These proceedings aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the theoretical and experimental aspects of Cosmit Ray Physics and Astrophysics. The list of lecture topics includes: experimental techniques, primary spectrum and composition of cosmic rays; high-energy interactions; gamma ray astronomy and GRBs; neutrino astrophsyics; cosmic ray detectors; simulation; solar modulation, and present status of the development and results from several present-day observations such as the Pierre Auger, IceCube, HESS, KASCADE, etc. The proceedings will provide students with a common background, and will give them an updated panorama.
Download or read book Introduction To Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics written by Pierre Sokolsky and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic ray physics has recently attracted a great deal of attention from the high energy physics community because of the discovery of new sources and the advent of new techniques. The result of a series of lectures prepared for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, this book is a general introduction to experimental techniques and results in the field of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. It succinctly summarizes the rapidly developing field, and provides modern results that include data from newer detectors. Combining experiment and theory, the text explores the results of a single, easy-to-understand experiment to tie together various issues involved in the physics of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays.
Download or read book Low Energy Cosmic Ray Anisotropies Observed Using the Pierre Auger Observatory written by Kerridwen Bette Barber and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pierre Auger Observatory is a hybrid cosmic ray detector located in the high plains of Argentina. It comprises an array of water-Cherenkov stations overlooked by four fluorescence detector sites and was designed and built for the purpose of studying ultra-high energy cosmic rays (>1018 eV). Due to the distribution of cosmic ray energies following a power law, in the process of studying these high energy events, the observatory also collects vast amounts of data on lower energy cosmic ray events. The low solar activity of the 2006 to 2009 period presents an opportunity to study the behaviour of the very low cosmic ray flux which would otherwise be overwhelmed by the solar wind during more active periods. This research aims to investigate the anisotropy in the low energy cosmic ray flux in the southern hemisphere using the calibration data for the Pierre Auger Observatory's surface detector. The energy ranges accessible via these calibration data were determined via numerical simulation of both air shower propagation through the atmosphere as well as the surface detector response to the surface particles, and were found to be of the order of 100 GeV. Following corrections to remove atmospheric and other spurious effects, investigations into the anisotropy present in the data were performed in both solar and sidereal time, spanning periods of both low and high solar activity.
Download or read book Measurement of the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays Above 3 X 1017 EV Using the Infill Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory written by Rivera Bretel Hugo Marcelo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pierre Auger Observatory, in Argentina, combines a 3000 $\mathrm{km^2}$ surface array of water Cherenkov detectors with fluorescence telescopes to measure extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays. This "hybrid" observatory (in operation since 2004, and completed in 2008) is fully efficient for cosmic rays energies above $10^{18}$ eV, that is, from just below the "ankle" of the energy spectrum up to the highest energies.After the completion of the main observatory, the Auger collaboration has started to deploy new instruments to extend the energy range down to about 0.1 EeV. The planned extensions include two infill surface arrays with 750 and 433 m spacing, with muon detection capabilities, and three additional fluorescence telescopes with a more elevated field of view. The 750 m infill array (covering about 24 $\mathrm{km^2}$) and the new telescopes are now operational. Their aim is the measurement of cosmic rays from below the second knee of the spectrum up to the ankle, where data from the extensions overlap those from the main observatory. The study of the evolutior of the spectrum through the second knee and the ankle, together with the primary mass composition, are crucial to the understanding of the transition from a galactic cosmic ray origin to an extragalactic one.This thesis makes use of data from the 750 m infill array: the objective is the measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum in the energy region above $3 \times 10^{17}$ eV, where the array is fully efficient. To get to the energy spectrum, several steps are needed, from the reconstruction of events, through the precise determination of the exposure of the array, up to the determination of the primary energy. The thesis deals with these aspects, before reaching the final result.The first chapter gives a general introduction to cosmic ray physics and detectors. It also summarizes experimental results above the first knee of the spectrum with particular emphasis on those obtained above $10^{17}$ eV. The next two chapters describe the Pierre Auger Observatory and the infill array, respectively. In chapter 2, the main Auger results are summarized too, after a schematic description of th different components of the observatory. Chapter 3 sets the stage for the following chapters. It presents a more detailed description of the characteristics of the infill array, in particular the trigger definitions, event selection and reconstruction. In chapter 4 the performance of the reconstruction of the lateral distribution of observed showers is studied in detail. This is particularly important for the energy spectrum, since the signal at a fixed distance from the shower axis is used as the energy estimator of the event. This signal is estimated by means c the measured lateral distribution of the shower. Chapter 5 presents a comparison between the event reconstruction of the infill and main arrays. Using the set of showers detected by both instruments, the derived geometry and energy estimation are compared, showing a good agreement. In chapter 6, the energy threshold of the array, and hence the set of events to be used, is defined. The methods to obtain the exposure of the array are discussed, as well as related systematic uncertainties. Finally, in chapter 7, the technique to derive the primary energy for each detected shower is presented. The derived energy spectrum is discussed, and the flux is shown to be consistent with that measured by other instruments in the overlapping energy regions.
Download or read book Measurement of the Mass Composition of the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays with the Pierre Auger Observatory written by Alexander Edward Hervé and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The origin of ultra high energy cosmic rays is one of the big unsolved questions in Astrophysics today. Knowing the mass composition of these cosmic rays would help to determine information about both their propagation and acceleration. The Pierre Auger Observatory was built to gather more information and more statistics than any previous cosmic ray detector ever built. In this thesis, I will detail my method of extending the current Pierre Auger mass composition information by using surface array parameters as a proxy for the depth of shower maximum, an established mass indicator.
Download or read book A Study of Ultra high Energy Cosmic Ray Composition and Hadronic Interactions with Data from the Pierre Auger Observatory written by Florin Ioniță and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultra-high energy cosmic rays are particles of enormous energy -- greater than 1018 eV -- reaching Earth from still mysterious sources. In this thesis, we analyze data from the Pierre Auger Observatory, a giant cosmic ray detector located in Argentina, to derive information on the mass of ultra-high energy cosmic rays and on their hadronic interaction properties. The data show a change of cosmic ray mass composition as a function of energy. We perform a measurement of the proton-air inelastic cross section, yielding sinelp-air =501+24-23 stat+30 -35syst +30-32 composition mb, at an equivalent energy of 57 TeV in the center of mass of a proton-proton collision -- a range yet inaccessible to particle accelerators. The measured cross section is in good agreement with predictions from hadronic interaction models.
Download or read book Mass Composition Studies of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Through the Measurement of the Muon Production Depths at the Pierre Auger Observatory written by Laura Collica and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pierre Auger Observatory studies Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) physics. The flux of UHECRs is very low (less than 1 particle/km2-year) and their properties must be inferred from the measurements of the secondary particles that the cosmic ray primary produces in the atmosphere. These particles cascades are called Extensive Air Showers (EAS) and can be studied at ground by deploying detectors covering large areas. The EAS physics is complex, and the properties of secondary particles depend strongly on the first interaction, which takes place at an energy beyond the ones reached at accelerators. As a consequence, the analysis of UHECRs is subject to large uncertainties and hence many of their properties, in particular their composition, are still unclear. Two complementary techniques are used at Auger to detect EAS initiated by UHECRs: a 3000 km2 surface detector (SD) array of water Cherenkov tanks which samples particles at ground level and fluorescence detectors (FD) which collect the ultraviolet light emitted by the de-excitation of nitrogen nuclei in the atmosphere, and can operate only in clear, moonless nights. The main goal of this thesis is the measurement of UHECR mass composition using data from the SD of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Measuring the cosmic ray composition at the highe-st energies is of fundamental importance for particle physics and astrophysics. Indeed, it allows to explore the hadronic interactions at ultra-high energies, and to discriminate between different scenarios of origin and propagation of cosmic rays.
Download or read book Physics and Astrophysics of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays written by M. Lemoine and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-12-14 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International School on Physics and Astrophysics of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR2000) was held at the Observatoire de Paris–Meudon on June 26-29, 2000. This was the ?rst international school speci?cally dedicated to ultra high energy cosmic rays. Its aim was to familiarize with and attract students, physicists and astronomers into this quickly developing newresearch ?eld. The mysterious and currently unknown origin of the most energetic par- cles observed in Nature has triggered in recent years theoretical speculations ranging from electromagnetic acceleration to as yet undiscovered physics - yond the Standard Model. It has also lead to the development of several new detection concepts and experimental projects, some of which are currently - der construction. By its nature, the ?eld of ultra high energy cosmic rays is therefore highly interdisciplinary and borrows from astrophysics and cosmology, via particle physics, to experimental physics and observational astronomy. One main aspect of the school was to emphasize and take advantage of this interd- ciplinarity. The lectures were grouped into subtopics and are reproduced in this volume in the following order: After a general introductory lecture on cosmic rays follow two contributions on experimental detection techniques, followed by three lectures on acceleration in astrophysical objects. The next four contri- tions cover all major aspects of propagation and interactions of ultra high energy radiation, including speculative issues such as newinteractions.
Download or read book Composition Studies of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Using Data of the Pierre Auger Observatory written by Karen Salomé Caballero Mora and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Different Approaches to Determine the Composition of the Ultra high Energy Cosmic Rays in the Pierre Auger Observatory written by Miguel Blanco Otano and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cosmic Ray Spectrum at the Highest Energy written by Alessio Gorgi and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pierre Auger Observatory aims to study the ultra high energy cosmic rays with energies above 1 EeV. To get an accurate measurement of the characteristic of the extensive air showers that the cosmic rays generate in the atmosphere, the Observatory uses a hybrid technique. In this work we have studied the detector performance, including trigger and hardware efficiencies. We have optimized the event selection and estimated the efficiency of the detector acceptance. Uncertainties for event reconstruction were evaluated and propagated to the measured energy spectrum. We have shown that some stations that are not courrently considered part of the event can be included in the event selection procedure. We have studied the effect of loosing the signal of one of the three photomultipliers due to some failure, or the effect of the saturation of the ADC channels or of the photomultiplier to the reconstruction accuracy. The reconstruction uncertainty was also studied in case of ``normal'' events using a method based on fluctuations, to cross-check the results obtained using the fit accuracies. An evaluation of the trigger efficiency was also performed in case one of the three photomultipliers is missing. We have shown that the problems related to the instrumental apparatus only reduce the efficiency where it is not already 100\% and in most of the cases the reconstruction uncertainties are only slightly affected. Furthermore this work gives the first indication that the reconstruction uncertainties of the surface detector data do not change the index of the power law of the measured cosmic rays spectrum.
Download or read book The Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray Flux from the Southern Pierre Auger Observatory Data written by Nicolás G. Busca and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction To Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics written by Pierre Sokolsky and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-10-26 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised edition provides an up-to-date summary of the field of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, dealing with their origin, propagation, and composition,. The authors reflect the enormous strides made since the first edition in the realm of experimental work, in particular the use of vastly improved, more sensitive and precise detectors. The level remains introductory and pedagogical, suitable for students and researchers interested in moving into this exciting field. Throughout the text, the authors focus on giving an introductory overview of the key physics issues, followed by a clear and concise description of experimental approaches and current results. Key Features: Updates the most coherent summary of the field available, with new text that provides the reader with clear historical context. Brand new discussion of contemporary space-based experiments and ideas for extending ground-based detectors. Completely new discussion of radio detection methods. Includes a new chapter on small to intermediate-scale anisotropy. Offers new sections on modern hadronic models and software packages to simulate showers.
Download or read book Measurement of the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray Flux Using Data of the Pierre Auger Observatory written by Ioana Codrina Maris and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
