Download or read book A Comparison of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle Configurations with an Emphasis on CSP Applications Presentation written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent research suggests that an emerging power cycle technology using supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO2) operated in a closed-loop Brayton cycle offers the potential of equivalent or higher cycle efficiency versus supercritical or superheated steam cycles at temperatures relevant for CSP applications. Preliminary design-point modeling suggests that s-CO2 cycle configurations can be devised that have similar overall efficiency but different temperature and/or pressure characteristics. This paper employs a more detailed heat exchanger model than previous work to compare the recompression and partial cooling cycles, two cycles with high design-point efficiencies, and illustrates the potential advantages of the latter. Integration of the cycles into CSP systems is studied, with a focus on sensible heat thermal storage and direct s-CO2 receivers. Results show the partial cooling cycle may offer a larger temperature difference across the primary heat exchanger, thereby potentially reducing heat exchanger cost and improving CSP receiver efficiency.

Download or read book A Comparison of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle Configurations with an Emphasis on CSP Applications Presentation written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent research suggests that an emerging power cycle technology using supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO2) operated in a closed-loop Brayton cycle offers the potential of equivalent or higher cycle efficiency versus supercritical or superheated steam cycles at temperatures relevant for CSP applications. Preliminary design-point modeling suggests that s-CO2 cycle configurations can be devisedthat have similar overall efficiency but different temperature and/or pressure characteristics. This paper employs a more detailed heat exchanger model than previous work to compare the recompression and partial cooling cycles, two cycles with high design-point efficiencies, and illustrates the potential advantages of the latter. Integration of the cycles into CSP systems is studied, with afocus on sensible heat thermal storage and direct s-CO2 receivers. Results show the partial cooling cycle may offer a larger temperature difference across the primary heat exchanger, thereby potentially reducing heat exchanger cost and improving CSP receiver efficiency.

Download or read book Fundamentals and Applications of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide SCO2 Based Power Cycles written by Klaus Brun and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-01-09 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals and Applications of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SCO2) Based Power Cycles aims to provide engineers and researchers with an authoritative overview of research and technology in this area. Part One introduces the technology and reviews the properties of SCO2 relevant to power cycles. Other sections of the book address components for SCO2 power cycles, such as turbomachinery expanders, compressors, recuperators, and design challenges, such as the need for high-temperature materials. Chapters on key applications, including waste heat, nuclear power, fossil energy, geothermal and concentrated solar power are also included. The final section addresses major international research programs. Readers will learn about the attractive features of SC02 power cycles, which include a lower capital cost potential than the traditional cycle, and the compounding performance benefits from a more efficient thermodynamic cycle on balance of plant requirements, fuel use, and emissions. Represents the first book to focus exclusively on SC02 power cycles Contains detailed coverage of cycle fundamentals, key components, and design challenges Addresses the wide range of applications of SC02 power cycles, from more efficient electricity generation, to ship propulsion

Download or read book A comparison of supercritical carbon dixoide power cycle configurations with an emphasis on CSP applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle Configurations for Use in Concentrating Solar Power Systems written by Zhiwen Ma and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the proposed design, a single-phase process using supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) as both heat transfer fluid (HTF) and thermal power cycle fluid simplifies the power system configuration. The design is compatible with sensible-heat thermal energy storage, if desired. The simpler machinery and compact size of the S-CO2 process may also reduce the installation, maintenance and operation cost of the system. Brayton-cycle systems using S-CO2 have smaller weight and volume, lower thermal mass, and less complex power blocks versus Rankine cycles due to the higher density of the fluid and simpler cycle design. The lower thermal mass makes startup and load change faster for frequent start up/shut down operations and load adaption than a HTF/steam based system. The research will characterize and evaluate advanced S-CO2 Brayton cycle power generation with a modular power tower CSP system.

Download or read book Thermoeconomic and Optimization Analysis of Advanced Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycles in Concentrated Solar Power Application written by Ali Sulaiman H. Alsagri and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles were subjected to energy and exergy analysis for the purpose of improving calculation accuracy; the feasibility of the cycles; and compare the cycles' design points. With respect to improving the accuracy of the analytical model, a computationally efficient technique using constant conductance (UA) to represent heat exchanger performances. Three parametric analysis were conducted: total conductance, maximum and minimum operating temperature, and pressure ratio for appropriate optimization. Recompression sCO2 Brayton cycle based on three parametric analysis achieves the highest thermal efficiency and power output at different operating condition. Also, the findings show that the simple recuperated sCO2 Brayton cycle has the highest specific power output in spite of its simplicity. Then a novel combined power cycle based on the recompression configuration were proposed for the purpose of improving overall thermal efficiency of power cycles by attempting to minimize thermodynamic irreversibilities and waste heat as a consequence of the Second Law. The power cycle concept comprises an advanced recompression sCO2 Brayton configuration as a topping cycle and a split flow tCO2 Rankine configuration as a bottoming cycle. The topping sCO2 recompression Brayton cycle used a combustion chamber as a heat source, and waste heat from a topping cycle was recovered by the tCO2 Rankine cycle due to an added high efficiency recuperator for generating electricity. The combined cycle configurations were thermodynamically modeled and optimized using an Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. Single and multi-objective optimization techniques conducted in this research is developed using a genetic algorithm (GA). The findings show that the higher thermal efficiency was obtained with recompression sCO2 Brayton cycle-split flow tCO2 Rankine cycle. Also, the results show that the combined sCO2 cycles is practical and promising technology compared to conventional cycles. To produce an ecologically justifiable energy along with cost-competitive, concentrated solar power tower plant model is conducted. The aim of concentrated solar power (CSP) system modeling was to assess the system viability in a location of moderate-to-high solar availability. A case study is presented of a city in Saudi Arabia. To achieve the highest energy production per unit cost, the heliostat geometry and thermal energy storage (TES) dispatch are optimized. Solar power tower (SPT) is one design of CSP technology that is of particular interest here because it can operate at relatively high temperatures. The present SPT-TES field comprises heliostat mirrors, a tower, a receiver, heat exchangers, and two molten-salt TES tanks. The main economic indicators are the capacity factor and the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). The findings indicate that SPT-TES with sCO2 power cycles is economically viable. The results also show that integrating TES with an SPT has a strong positive impact on the capacity factor at the optimum LCOE.

Download or read book Organic Rankine Cycle ORC Power Systems written by Ennio Macchi and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Power Systems: Technologies and Applications provides a systematic and detailed description of organic Rankine cycle technologies and the way they are increasingly of interest for cost-effective sustainable energy generation. Popular applications include cogeneration from biomass and electricity generation from geothermal reservoirs and concentrating solar power installations, as well as waste heat recovery from gas turbines, internal combustion engines and medium- and low-temperature industrial processes. With hundreds of ORC power systems already in operation and the market growing at a fast pace, this is an active and engaging area of scientific research and technical development. The book is structured in three main parts: (i) Introduction to ORC Power Systems, Design and Optimization, (ii) ORC Plant Components, and (iii) Fields of Application. Provides a thorough introduction to ORC power systems Contains detailed chapters on ORC plant components Includes a section focusing on ORC design and optimization Reviews key applications of ORC technologies, including cogeneration from biomass, electricity generation from geothermal reservoirs and concentrating solar power installations, waste heat recovery from gas turbines, internal combustion engines and medium- and low-temperature industrial processes Various chapters are authored by well-known specialists from Academia and ORC manufacturers

Download or read book Optimization and Comparison of Direct and Indirect Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Plant Cycles for Nuclear Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been a number of studies involving the use of gases operating in the supercritical mode for power production and process heat applications. Supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) is particularly attractive because it is capable of achieving relatively high power conversion cycle efficiencies in the temperature range between 550 C and 750 C. Therefore, it has the potential for use with any type of high-temperature nuclear reactor concept, assuming reactor core outlet temperatures of at least 550 C. The particular power cycle investigated in this paper is a supercritical CO2 Recompression Brayton Cycle. The CO2 Recompression Brayton Cycle can be used as either a direct or indirect power conversion cycle, depending on the reactor type and reactor outlet temperature. The advantage of this cycle when compared to the helium Brayton cycle is the lower required operating temperature; 550 C versus 850 C. However, the supercritical CO2 Recompression Brayton Cycle requires an operating pressure in the range of 20 MPa, which is considerably higher than the required helium Brayton cycle operating pressure of 8 MPa. This paper presents results of analyses performed using the UniSim process analyses software to evaluate the performance of both a direct and indirect supercritical CO2 Brayton Recompression cycle for different reactor outlet temperatures. The direct supercritical CO2 cycle transferred heat directly from a 600 MWt reactor to the supercritical CO2 working fluid supplied to the turbine generator at approximately 20 MPa. The indirect supercritical CO2 cycle assumed a helium-cooled Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR), operating at a primary system pressure of approximately 7.0 MPa, delivered heat through an intermediate heat exchanger to the secondary indirect supercritical CO2 Brayton Recompression cycle, again operating at a pressure of about 20 MPa. For both the direct and indirect cycles, sensitivity calculations were performed for reactor outlet temperature between 550 C and 850 C. The UniSim models used realistic component parameters and operating conditions to model the complete reactor and power conversion systems. CO2 properties were evaluated, and the operating ranges of the cycles were adjusted to take advantage of the rapidly changing properties of CO2 near the critical point. The results of the analyses showed that, for the direct supercritical CO2 power cycle, thermal efficiencies in the range of 40 to 50% can be achieved. For the indirect supercritical CO2 power cycle, thermal efficiencies were approximately 10% lower than those obtained for the direct cycle over the same reactor outlet temperature range.

Download or read book Handbook of Generation IV Nuclear Reactors written by Igor Pioro and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-12-07 with total page 1112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Generation IV Nuclear Reactors, Second Edition is a fully revised and updated comprehensive resource on the latest research and advances in generation IV nuclear reactor concepts. Editor Igor Pioro and his team of expert contributors have updated every chapter to reflect advances in the field since the first edition published in 2016. The book teaches the reader about available technologies, future prospects and the feasibility of each concept presented, equipping them users with a strong skillset which they can apply to their own work and research. Provides a fully updated, revised and comprehensive handbook dedicated entirely to generation IV nuclear reactors Includes new trends and developments since the first publication, as well as brand new case studies and appendices Covers the latest research, developments and design information surrounding generation IV nuclear reactors

Download or read book Applications of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Based Power Cycles written by and published by . This book was released on 2018-05 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) cycles are being considered for future fossil energy systems. These sCO2 systems deliver the prospect of improved efficiency combined with smaller turbo -machinery size compared to a traditional Rankine steam system if operated at turbine inlet temperatures up to 760°C. Supercritical CO2 cycles have been investigated since the 1960s, but technical limitations, both computational and physical, prevented major strides on the subject until the turn of the millennium. Since then, numerous studies have investigated and conceptualized various sCO2 cycles: as standalone power cycles for nuclear applications, in concentrated solar power plants or for waste heat recovery. Many of these studies were conducted using established performance simulation tools such as NPSS, which were expanded in their functionality through supercritical CO2 fluid property functions.Fundamentals and Applications of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO2) Based Power Cycles provides up-to-date information of research and technology in this field. This book addresses components for sCO2 power cycles, such as turbomachinery expanders, compressors, recuperators, and design challenges, such as the need for high-temperature materials. The attractive features of sC02 power cycles are addressed. The supercritical CO2 (sCO2) Brayton cycle has recently been gaining a lot of attention for application to next generation nuclear reactors. The advantages of the sCO2 cycle are high efficiency in the mild turbine inlet temperature region and a small physical footprint with a simple layout, compact turbomachinery, and heat exchangers. Currently sCO2 cycles are being investigated primarily for stationary power applications, but their high power density and efficiency, even for modest peak cycle temperatures, makes them credible bottoming cycle options for aero engine applications. To successfully utilize the high reactor outlet temperature, interest in alternative power conversion systems is also increasing. The steam Rankine cycle and gas turbine systems have been utilized by large size power plants for several decades.This book will appeal to students, practitioners, as well as researchers dealing with this field.

Download or read book Modeling the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle with Recompression written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) power cycles show promise for a wide range of applications, such as concentrating solar power, next-generation nuclear reactors, and waste-heat recovery. Models capable of predicting the design-point, off-design, and part-load performance of SCO2 power cycles are necessary for evaluating cycle designs. These models should be flexible in order to accommodate the range of designs under consideration and computationally efficient in order to enable timely optimization studies, possibly while considering cycle performance on an annual or life-cycle basis. This document reports on the development of a modeling framework that accommodates these requirements and is capable of predicting the performance of recuperated and recompression cycle configurations. The modeling framework is in Fortran and is flexible with respect to component-level specifics, such as the type of compressor used in the cycle or the method used to represent the off-design performance of the turbine. Optimization routines are integrated into the models, allowing exploration of optimal component and system designs or optimal operating strategies for a given system design. The optimal design-point and off-design performance of various cycle designs is predicted using turbomachinery models based on the radial compressors and turbines that are currently being investigated by Sandia National Laboratory for use in SCO2 applications. A range of heat rejection (low-side) temperatures are considered and results indicate that operating the cycles at warmer low-side temperatures requires a corresponding increase in low-side pressure in order to maximize thermal efficiency. The relationship between low-side temperature and pressure suggests that inventory control (i.e., actively controlling the low-side pressure) is a favorable control mechanism, especially if the power plant is expected to operate away from its design point for significant periods of time. For cycles designed to operate at warmer heat rejection temperatures (e.g., a dry-cooled design in an arid climate), the benefits of recompression are reduced and a simple recuperated cycle may be favorable. The optimal SCO2 Brayton cycle design depends on the application being considered, and the developed modeling framework provides the consistent performance predictions that are required for further application-specific analyses.

Download or read book Pinch Analysis and Process Integration written by Ian C. Kemp and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-01 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pinch analysis and related techniques are the key to design of inherently energy-efficient plants. This book shows engineers how to understand and optimize energy use in their processes, whether large or small. Energy savings go straight to the bottom line as increased profit, as well as reducing emissions. This is the key guide to process integration for both experienced and newly qualified engineers, as well as academics and students. It begins with an introduction to the main concepts of pinch analysis, the calculation of energy targets for a given process, the pinch temperature and the golden rules of pinch-based design to meet energy targets. The book shows how to extract the stream data necessary for a pinch analysis and describes the targeting process in depth. Other essential details include the design of heat exchanger networks, hot and cold utility systems, CHP (combined heat and power), refrigeration and optimization of system operating conditions. Many tips and techniques for practical application are covered, supported by several detailed case studies and other examples covering a wide range of industries, including buildings and other non-process situations. The only dedicated pinch analysis and process integration guide, fully revised and expanded supported by free downloadable energy targeting software The perfect guide and reference for chemical process, food and biochemical engineers, plant engineers and professionals concerned with energy optimisation, including building designers Covers the practical analysis of both new and existing systems, with ful details of industrial applications and case studies

Download or read book Concentrating Solar Power Technology written by Keith Lovegrove and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-10-19 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concentrating solar power (CSP) technology is poised to take its place as one of the major contributors to the future clean energy mix. Using straightforward manufacturing processes, CSP technology capitalises on conventional power generation cycles, whilst cost effectively matching supply and demand though the integration of thermal energy storage. Concentrating solar power technology provides a comprehensive review of this exciting technology, from the fundamental science to systems design, development and applications. Part one introduces fundamental principles of concentrating solar power systems. Site selection and feasibility analysis are discussed, alongside socio-economic and environmental assessments. Part two focuses on technologies including linear Fresnel reflector technology, parabolic-trough, central tower and parabolic dish concentrating solar power systems, and concentrating photovoltaic systems. Thermal energy storage, hybridization with fossil fuel power plants and the long-term market potential of CSP technology are explored. Part three goes on to discuss optimisation, improvements and applications. Topics discussed include absorber materials for solar thermal receivers, design optimisation through integrated techno-economic modelling, heliostat size optimisation, heat flux and temperature measurement technologies, concentrating solar heating and cooling for industrial processes, and solar fuels and industrial solar chemistry. With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Concentrating solar power technology is an essential guide for all those involved or interested in the design, production, development, optimisation and application of CSP technology, including renewable energy engineers and consultants, environmental governmental departments, solar thermal equipment manufacturers, researchers and academics. Provides a comprehensive review of concentrating solar power (CSP) technology, from the fundamental science to systems design, development and applications Reviews fundamental principles of concentrating solar power systems, including site selection and feasibility analysis and socio-economic and environmental assessments Provides an overview of technologies such as linear Fresnel reflector technology, parabolic-trough, central tower and parabolic dish concentrating solar power systems, and concentrating photovoltaic systems

Download or read book Evaluation and Optimization of a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Conversion Cycle for Nuclear Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been a number of studies involving the use of gases operating in the supercritical mode for power production and process heat applications. Supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) is particularly attractive because it is capable of achieving relatively high power conversion cycle efficiencies in the temperature range between 550°C and 750°C. Therefore, it has the potential for use with any type of high-temperature nuclear reactor concept, assuming reactor core outlet temperatures of at least 550°C. The particular power cycle investigated in this paper is a supercritical CO2 Recompression Brayton Cycle. The CO2 Recompression Brayton Cycle can be used as either a direct or indirect power conversion cycle, depending on the reactor type and reactor outlet temperature. The advantage of this cycle when compared to the helium Brayton Cycle is the lower required operating temperature; 550°C versus 850°C. However, the supercritical CO2 Recompression Brayton Cycle requires an operating pressure in the range of 20 MPa, which is considerably higher than the required helium Brayton cycle operating pressure of 8 MPa. This paper presents results of analyses performed using the UniSim process analyses software to evaluate the performance of the supercritical CO2 Brayton Recompression Cycle for different reactor outlet temperatures. The UniSim model assumed a 600 MWt reactor power source, which provides heat to the power cycle at a maximum temperature of between 550°C and 750°C. The UniSim model used realistic component parameters and operating conditions to model the complete power conversion system. CO2 properties were evaluated, and the operating range for the cycle was adjusted to take advantage of the rapidly changing conditions near the critical point. The UniSim model was then optimized to maximize the power cycle thermal efficiency at the different maximum power cycle operating temperatures. The results of the analyses showed that power cycle thermal efficiencies in the range of 40 to 50% can be achieved.

Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.

Download or read book Advanced Power Generation Systems written by Ibrahim Dincer and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-07-15 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Power Generation Systems examines the full range of advanced multiple output thermodynamic cycles that can enable more sustainable and efficient power production from traditional methods, as well as driving the significant gains available from renewable sources. These advanced cycles can harness the by-products of one power generation effort, such as electricity production, to simultaneously create additional energy outputs, such as heat or refrigeration. Gas turbine-based, and industrial waste heat recovery-based combined, cogeneration, and trigeneration cycles are considered in depth, along with Syngas combustion engines, hybrid SOFC/gas turbine engines, and other thermodynamically efficient and environmentally conscious generation technologies. The uses of solar power, biomass, hydrogen, and fuel cells in advanced power generation are considered, within both hybrid and dedicated systems. The detailed energy and exergy analysis of each type of system provided by globally recognized author Dr. Ibrahim Dincer will inform effective and efficient design choices, while emphasizing the pivotal role of new methodologies and models for performance assessment of existing systems. This unique resource gathers information from thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and energy system design to provide a single-source guide to solving practical power engineering problems. The only complete source of info on the whole array of multiple output thermodynamic cycles, covering all the design options for environmentally-conscious combined production of electric power, heat, and refrigeration Offers crucial instruction on realizing more efficiency in traditional power generation systems, and on implementing renewable technologies, including solar, hydrogen, fuel cells, and biomass Each cycle description clarified through schematic diagrams, and linked to sustainable development scenarios through detailed energy, exergy, and efficiency analyses Case studies and examples demonstrate how novel systems and performance assessment methods function in practice

Download or read book Advanced Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle Configurations for Use in Concentrating Solar Power Systems written by Zhiwen Ma and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: