Download or read book 3 D Seismic Imaging of Complex Structures in Near surface Deposits written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 3 D Seismic Imaging of Complex Structures in Near Surface Deposits written by Hamid Reza Siahkoohi and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important methods of investigating the geological structure of sedimentary rocks is controlled source reflection seismology. Reflection seismology has traditionally focussed largely on petroleum exploration problems, i.e., imaging formations in consolidated sedimentary rocks at depths in the range 0.1-10 km. However, hydrogeological investigations and large engineering enterprises also may require detailed pictures of subsurface structure, but in relatively unconsolidated surficial sediments at typical depths of 3-100 m. If subsurface structures are not too complex, relatively simple two dimensional (2-D) seismic profiling methods can provide detailed cross-sections of the lithological stratigraphy and structure. But, as has been well demonstrated in petroleum exploration, three dimensional (3-D) surveying methods are required to obtain an accurate picture of complex structures. Nowadays, especially in areas of former glaciation, increasing efforts are being placed on using 2-D seismology to obtain detailed images of near-surface geology in connection with groundwater, waste disposal, and engineering projects. But, although results are very gratifying in some respects, the resolution of very local structures by 2-D seismic surveys has been insufficient to identify possible hydrogeological, and engineering problems. It is natural to consider whether 3-D seismic surveying in shallow environment might yield beneficial results similar to those it provides in petroleum seismology (always presuming that survey cost can be restrained). To address this question, I have investigated the imaging capability of 3-D multi-fold high-resolution reflection seismology in near-surface complex deposits and designed a form of three-dimensional seismology suitable for hydrogeological, geotechnical and other similar surficial exploration purposes. A test 3-D survey was carried out successfully and its results surpassed expectations in several ways. The survey was relatively easy to carry out using standard engineering scale seismic equipment and a 3-4 person crew. It provided a cube of stacked data with fairly high dominant frequency ($\sim$300 Hz) covering a subsurface volume of 220 x 220 x 200 meters with a trace bin of 3 x 3 meters. In addition to the reflectivity image, the survey provided a velocity model to $
Download or read book Land Seismic Case Studies for Near Surface Modeling and Subsurface Imaging written by Öz Yilmaz and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written for practicing geophysicists, “Land Seismic Case Studies for Near-Surface Modeling and Subsurface Imaging” is a comprehensive guide to understanding and interpreting seismic data. The culmination of land seismic data acquisition and processing projects conducted by the author over the last two decades, this book contains more than nearly 800 figures from worldwide case studies—conducted in both 2D and 3D. Beginning with Chapter 1 on seismic characterization of the near-surface, Chapter 2 presents near-surface modeling by traveltime and full-wave inversion, Chapter 3 presents near-surface modeling by imaging, and then Chapter 4 includes detailed case studies for near-surface modeling. Chapter 5 reviews single- and multichannel signal processing of land seismic data with the key objective of removing surface waves and guided waves that are characterized as coherent linear noise. Uncommon seismic data acquisition methods, including large-offset acquisition in thrust belts to capture the large-amplitude supercritical reflections, swath-line acquisition, and joint PP and SH- SH seismic imaging are highlighted in Chapter 6, and Chapter 7 presents image-based rms velocity estimation and discusses the problem of velocity uncertainty. The final two chapters focus exclusively on case studies: 2D in Chapter 8 and 3D in Chapter 9. An outstanding teaching tool, this book includes analysis workflows containing processing steps designed to solve specific problems. Essential for anyone involved in acquisition, processing, and inversion of seismic data, this volume will become the definitive reference for understanding how the variables in seismic acquisition are directly reflected in the data.
Download or read book Concepts and Applications in 3D Seismic Imaging written by Biondo Biondi and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2007 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a broad and intuitive understanding of seismic-imaging concepts and methods to enable geoscientists to make appropriate decisions during acquisition, processing, imaging, and interpretation, this book shows trends in imaging research and encourages the adoption of new technologies to facilitate the optimal use of these images.
Download or read book 3D Seismic Imaging written by Biondo Biondi and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2006 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying CD-ROM includes PDF slides for teaching the material in the book and the C3-narrow-azimuth classic data set.
Download or read book Near surface Geophysics written by Dwain K. Butler and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2005 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part 1, "fundamentals", includes magnetic and electrical methods, subsurface geophysics, near-surface seismology, electromagnetic induction, and ground-penetrating radar. Part 2, "applications", includes determination of physical properties, multimethod surveys and integrated interpretations, and model-based survey planning, execution, and interpretation.
Download or read book Advances in Near surface Seismology and Ground penetrating Radar Volume 15 written by Richard D. Miller and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2010-01-11 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Near-surface Seismology and Ground-penetrating Radar (SEG Geophysical Developments Series No. 15) is a collection of original papers by renowned and respected authors from around the world. Technologies used in the application of near-surface seismology and ground-penetrating radar have seen significant advances in the last several years. Both methods have benefited from new processing tools, increased computer speeds, and an expanded variety of applications. This book, divided into four sections--"Reviews," "Methodology," "Integrative Approaches," and "Case Studies"--Captures the most significant cutting-edge issues in active areas of research, unveiling truly pertinent studies that address fundamental applied problems. This collection of manuscripts grew from a core group of papers presented at a post-convention workshop, "Advances in Near-surface Seismology and Ground-penetrating Radar," held during the 2009 SEG Annual Meeting in Houston, Texas. This is the first cooperative publication effort between the near-surface communities of SEG, AGU, and EEGS. It will appeal to a large and diverse audience that includes researchers and practitioners inside and outside the near-surface geophysics community. --Publisher description.
Download or read book 3D Seismic Survey Design written by Gijs J. O. Vermeer and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2012 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Details the properties of 3D acquisition geometries and shows how they naturally lead to the 3D symmetric sampling approach to 3D survey design. Many examples are used to illustrate choices of acquisition parameters, and the link between survey parameters and noise suppression as well as imaging is an intrinsic part of the contents.
Download or read book On the Determination and Use of Kinematic Wavefield Attributes for 3D Seismic Imaging written by Steffen Bergler and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last two decades a lot of effort has been directed towards methods that have the potential to succeed in imaging complex 3D subsurface structures from multi-coverage seismic data. The necessity of an estimate for the wave propagation velocities, required for transforming the data from the time domain to the depth domain, poses one of the fundamental problems in seismic imaging. Inadequate velocity models distort the final depth image. So-called data-oriented approaches are a class of imaging methods that avoid the explicit parameterisation of a velocity model in the first imaging steps. Instead, the data-oriented approaches parameterise the reflection events in the time domain and try to obtain as much information as possible from the measured data. The extracted information is then used to transform the seismic data into depth. The common-reflection-surface (CRS) stack is one of the data-oriented imaging approaches. This method makes use of second-order traveltime approximations in order to describe seismic reflection events in the time domain. For the processing of data from a 3D acquisition, the traveltime equations can be used as stacking operators to simulate a zero-offset (ZO) volume of high accuracy and high signal-to-noise ratio from multi-coverage prestack data. During the stack, reflection energy from the entire five-dimensional data hyper-volume enters into the construction of one ZO sample. The eight parameters, which express the traveltime approximation for the ZO case, relate to kinematic wavefield attributes. These locally describe the propagation directions and curvatures of specific wavefronts at the Earth's surface which have travelled through the subsurface. Thus, the kinematic wavefield attributes constitute integral quantities of the medium's parameters and are suitable to estimate the properties of the Earth's interior. The accurate determination of the wavefield attributes is, therefore, a crucial step in the CRS processing. In this thesis the derivation of the traveltime approximations is presented. The kinematic wavefield attributes are introduced by means of concepts known from geometrical optics. The determination of the eight kinematic wavefield attributes for the ZO case from 3D multi-coverage seismic data is elaborated. The applications of the attributes to support and facilitate 3D seismic imaging are discussed. In this context emphasis is put on the utilisation of the kinematic wavefield attributes for the 3D CRS stack. The proposed search algorithms are validated on a synthetic data example and have shown to be successful. Finally, the 3D CRS stack is applied to a real marine dataset. In this way the functionality of the search algorithms on complex data is verified. Moreover, the imaging quality of the 3D CRS stack is checked by migrating the simulated ZO volume to depth and comparing the obtained result with the result from a prestack depth migration. The comparison shows that the CRS based result is competitive to the result of the prestack depth migration. Thus, CRS based imaging is an alternative to prestack depth migration due to the good imaging quality and also due to the provided information in form of the kinematic wavefield attributes.
Download or read book Near Surface Geophysics written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ore Deposits written by Sophie Decree and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest knowledge on mineral ore genesis and the exploration of ore deposits Global demand for metals has risen considerably over the past decade. Geologists are developing new approaches for studying ore deposits and discovering new sources. Ore Deposits: Origin, Exploration, and Exploitation is a compilation of diverse case studies on new prospects in ore deposit geology including atypical examples of mineral deposits and new methods for ore exploration. Volume highlights include: Presentation of the latest research on a range of ore deposit types Application of ore deposits to multiple areas of geology and geophysical exploration Emphasis on diverse methods and tools for the study of ore deposits Useful case studies for geologists in both academia and industry Ore Deposits: Origin, Exploration, and Exploitation is a valuable resource for economic geologists, mineralogists, petrologists, geochemists, mining engineers, research professionals, and advanced students in relevant areas of academic study.
Download or read book Seismic Attributes for Prospect Identification and Reservoir Characterization written by Satinder Chopra and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2007 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introducing the physical basis, mathematical implementation, and geologic expression of modern volumetric attributes including coherence, dip/azimuth, curvature, amplitude gradients, seismic textures, and spectral decomposition, the authors demonstrate the importance of effective colour display and sensitivity to seismic acquisition and processing.
Download or read book Hardrock Seismic Exploration written by David W. Eaton and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2003 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With case histories and chapters on principles of acquisition, processing, modelling, and interpretation, this book is invaluable for seismic exploration of hardrock terranes. Balancing tutorial, review, application, and future research directions, it is useful for researchers, geophysicists, geotechnical engineers, and seismic processors.
Download or read book 3 D Seismic Survey Design Via Modeling and Reverse Time Migration written by Suleyman Coskun and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic forward modeling studies are required for adequately imaging complex geological structures, such as folds, faults, and domes. Many U.S. Gulf Coast salt domes are used for oil and gas exploration, brine production, and underground hydrocarbon storage. For this reason, it is crucial to image the flank of the salt domes and surrounding sediments. Allied Geophysical Laboratories (AGL) carried out a 2-D seismic study in the Texas Brine Company facility to image the Pierce Junction salt dome. However, we were not able to image the salt flanks because of improper survey design. This led to the current study which proposes a 2-D and a 3-D seismic survey design using modeling and Reverse Time Migration (RTM) imaging. We gathered original 2-D seismic, topography, and gravity data to build 2-D and 3-D velocity models of the Pierce Junction salt dome area. We processed the original 2-D data and extracted the velocities of the cap rock and near surface sediments for use in velocity models. We modelled gravity data collected in a north-south direction and performed analyses on the synthetic seismic data to determine new 2-D conventional seismic survey parameters that could be achieved with the limited acquisition equipment of AGL. We modeled synthetic shot gathers by a finite difference method using the full (two-way) acoustic wave equation, and generated seismic images using the Reverse Time Migration (RTM) method. We determined the optimum parameters of the new 2-D seismic survey by reviewing the quality of the results. These parameters were able to adequately image the salt dome and its surrounding sediments. We then modified the 2-D parameters for a new 3-D survey, and obtained synthetic RTM images based on the 3-D velocity model. Optimal 2-D and 3-D seismic survey designs for the Pierce Junction salt dome area were achieved using seismic modeling and RTM imaging. We found RTM imaging to be a novel and powerful method for determining seismic survey parameters for complex geological structures.
Download or read book 3 D Seismic Imaging of Complex Geologies written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 3 D Seismic Interpretation of Deep Complex Structures in the Delaware Basin West Texas written by Bob Adrian Hardage and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 3D Seismic Imaging written by Biondo L. Biondi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
