Download or read book 100 ton Test written by Lewis Don Leet and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trinity written by Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of the world's first atomic explosion on July 16, 1945 at the Trinity test site in southern New Mexico is covered in this unique compilation of reports and publications. The report of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory provides a comprehensive record of the atom bomb test; other publications reveal secrets of the test site.The introduction of the report states: Preparations for the Trinity test were started in March 1944 and culminated in a 100-ton rehearsal shot on May 7, 1945 and the final gadget test shot on July 16, 1945. The purposes of this report are: To put on record the development, scope, and type of operations involved in the July 16, 1945 atomic bomb test with recommendations for future operating procedure; to collect in one place all the reports relating to the apparatus and results, planning, and administration. A test of the atomic bomb was considered essential by the Director and most of the group and division leaders of the Laboratory because of the enormous step from the differential and integral experiments, and theory, to a practical gadget. No one was content that the first trial of a Fat Man (F.M.) gadget should be over enemy territory, where, if the gadget failed, the surprise factor would be lost and the enemy might be presented with a large amount of active material in recoverable form. The only thing that could finally settle the many questions current before the test was an actual experiment with full instrumentation. Plans were made for yields from 100-10000 tons with the most probable value 4000 tons (July 10, 1945). The safety of personnel and structures was insured for yields as great as 200000 tons. The final functioning of the bomb showed that the prior work had been excellent in every respect and no vital factor had been overlooked... In the winter and spring of 1944, the possibility that the first test bomb would not work at all was constantly in mind. Discussions had been held between S. Neddermeyer, G. B. Kistiakowsky, J. R. Oppenheimer, and others to consider the construction of a large pressure vessel that would be able to contain the active material and products of the explosion of a high explosive, if the operation of the first atomic bomb should be a complete fizzle. The need for the containing vessel was based on the uncertainties of the behaviour of the bomb and the desirability of conserving active material.Contents include: CALIBRATION AND REHEARSAL SHOT * Plan and Organization * Firing of 100-Ton Shot * Results of the 100-Ton Shot * Report on First Trinity Test * Purpose of Test * General Character of the Test * Program of Measurement and Observation * Organization for Carrying Out the Program * Behaviour of the Implosion * Nuclear Energy Released * Damage Effects Produced * Overall Behaviour of the Explosion and Its After Effects * Meteorological Observations * Health Control * Conclusion * Post 100-Ton, Suggestions For Improved Facilities and Procedure: Suggestions for Improvements * Conclusions Concerning the 100-Ton Test * PREPARATIONS FOR THE JULY 16 TEST * Coordination of Preparations * Consultants * Weekly Meetings * Acceptance of New Experiments * Prompt Dissemination of General Information * Coordination of Construction * FINAL PREPARATIONS FOR REHEARSALS AND TEST * Schedule * Timing and Wiring Layout -- Electronics * Shelter Chiefs * Arming Party * Location and Time of Shot * Protection Against Radiation -- Base Camp * Directions * Health and Monitoring Organization and Preparations * Introduction * Organization of Medical Group (TR-7) * Equipment of Medical Group * Plans for Monitoring -- Before Shot * Plans for Monitoring -- Time of Shot * Plans for Monitoring -- After Shot * Immediate Hazards * Delayed Hazards * Meteorology * WORK PRECEDING AND INCLUDING ASSEMBLY AT TRINITY * Preliminary Tests * Preparations at Y * Procedure for Final Assembly * RADIAL DISTRIBUTION OF NEUTRONS, GAMMA RADIATION, AND THERMAL RADIATION * Neutrons * Fast Prompt Neutrons

Download or read book Critical Assembly written by Lillian Hoddeson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-02-12 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1993 book explores how the 'critical assembly' of scientists at Los Alamos created the first atomic bombs.

Download or read book The Day the Sun Rose Twice written by Ferenc Morton Szasz and published by UNM Press. This book was released on 1995-04-01 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Western History Association’s Robert G. Athearn Award for outstanding book on the twentieth-century American West Just before dawn on July 16, 1945, the world’s first nuclear bomb was detonated at Trinity Site in an isolated stretch of the central New Mexico desert. It may have been the single most important event of the twentieth century. The Day the Sun Rose Twice tells the fascinating story of the events leading up to this first test explosion, the characters and roles of the people involved, and the aftermath of the bomb’s successful demonstration. With J. Robert Oppenheimer, the “father of the atomic bomb,” at last getting his Hollywood close-up in Christopher Nolan’s new blockbuster film Oppenheimer, readers can discover the background behind the world’s first atomic blast in Ferenc Morton Szasz’s award-winning history. “Tightly focused, lucidly written, and thoroughly researched,” according to the New York Times Book Review, the book provides “a valuable introduction to how our nuclear dilemma began.”

Download or read book 100 Suns written by Michael Light and published by Knopf. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between July 1945 and November 1962 the United States is known to have conducted 216 atmospheric and underwater nuclear tests. After the Limited Test Ban Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1963, nuclear testing went underground. It became literally invisible—but more frequent: the United States conducted a further 723 underground tests, the last in 1992. 100 Suns documents the era of visible nuclear testing, the atmospheric era, with one hundred photographs drawn by Michael Light from the archives at Los Alamos National Laboratory and the U.S. National Archives in Maryland. It includes previously classified material from the clandestine Lookout Mountain Air Force Station based in Hollywood, whose film directors, cameramen and still photographers were sworn to secrecy. The title, 100 Suns, refers to the response by J.Robert Oppenheimer to the world’s first nuclear explosion in New Mexico when he quoted a passage from the Bhagavad Gita, the classic Vedic text: “If the radiance of a thousand suns were to burst forth at once in the sky, that would be like the splendor of the Mighty One . . . I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.” This was Oppenheimer’s attempt to describe the otherwise indescribable. 100 Suns likewise confronts the indescribable by presenting without embellishment the stark evidence of the tests at the moment of detonation. Since the tests were conducted either in Nevada or the Pacific the book is simply divided between the desert and the ocean. Each photograph is presented with the name of the test, its explosive yield in kilotons or megatons, the date and the location. The enormity of the events recorded is contrasted with the understated neutrality of bare data. Interspersed within the sequence of explosions are pictures of the awestruck witnesses. The evidence of these photographs is terrifying in its implication while at same time profoundly disconcerting as a spectacle. The visual grandeur of such imagery is balanced by the chilling facts provided at the end of the book in the detailed captions, a chronology of the development of nuclear weaponry and an extensive bibliography. A dramatic sequel to Michael Light’s Full Moon, 100 Suns forms an unprecedented historical document.

Download or read book United States Nuclear Tests written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document lists chronologically and alphabetically by name all nuclear tests and simultaneous detonations conducted by the United States from July 1945 through September 1992. Two nuclear weapons that the United States exploded over Japan ending World War II are not listed. These detonations were not "tests" in the sense that they were conducted to prove that the weapon would work as designed (as was the first test near Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16, 1945), or to advance nuclear weapon design, or to determine weapons effects, or to verify weapon safety as were the more than one thousand tests that have taken place since June 30,1946. The nuclear weapon (nicknamed "Little Boy") dropped August 6,1945 from a United States Army Air Force B-29 bomber (the Enola Gay) and detonated over Hiroshima, Japan had an energy yield equivalent to that of 15,000 tons of TNT. The nuclear weapon (virtually identical to "Fat Man") exploded in a similar fashion August 9, 1945 over Nagaski, Japan had a yield of 21,000 tons of TNT. Both detonations were intended to end World War II as quickly as possible. Data on United States tests were obtained from, and verified by, the U.S. Department of Energy's three weapons laboratories -- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California; and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Additionally, data were obtained from public announcements issued by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and its successors, the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, and the U.S. Department of Energy, respectively.

Download or read book Research development test and evaluation September 17 1973 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of Defense and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 1092 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Department of Defense Appropriations for 1973 written by United States. Congress. House Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Department of Defense Appropriations for written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hearings written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Department of Defense Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1974 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of Defense and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 2294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High Speed Marine Craft written by Peter J. Mantle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-11 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details the efforts to build a large naval vessel capable of traveling at one hundred knots. It is the first book to summarize this extensive work from historical and technical perspectives. It explores the unique principles and challenges in the design of high-speed marine craft. This volume explores different hull form concepts, requiring an understanding of the four forces affecting the lift and the drag of the craft. The four forces covered are hydrostatic (buoyancy), hydro-dynamic, aerostatic, and aerodynamic. This text will appeal to naval researchers, architects, graduate students and historians, as well as others generally interested in naval architecture and propulsion.

Download or read book A Treatise on the Methods and Machines Used in the Mechanical Testing of Materials of Construction written by William Charles Popplewell and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fiscal Year 1973 Authorization for Military Procurement Research and Development Construction Authorization for the Safeguard ABM and Active Duty and Selected Reserve Strengths Research and development written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Department of Defense Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1975 Hearings Before 93 2 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Appropriations Committee and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dept of Defense defense agencies public witnesses written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of Defense and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trinity A Graphic History of the First Atomic Bomb written by Jonathan Fetter-Vorm and published by Hill and Wang. This book was released on 2023-11-14 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trinity, the debut graphic book by Jonathan Fetter-Vorm, depicts the dramatic history of the race to build and the decision to drop the first atomic bomb in World War Two—with a focus on the brilliant, enigmatic scientist, J. Robert Oppenheimer. "Succeeds as both a graphic primer and a philosophical meditation." —Kirkus Reviews (starred review) This sweeping historical narrative traces the spark of invention from the laboratories of nineteenth-century Europe to the massive industrial and scientific efforts of the Manhattan Project, and even transports the reader into a nuclear reaction—into the splitting atoms themselves. The power of the atom was harnessed in a top-secret government compound in Los Alamos, New Mexico, by a group of brilliant scientists led by the enigmatic wunderkind J. Robert Oppenheimer. Focused from the start on the monumentally difficult task of building an atomic weapon, these men and women soon began to wrestle with the moral implications of actually succeeding. When they detonated the first bomb at a test site code-named Trinity, they recognized that they had irreversibly thrust the world into a new and terrifying age. With powerful renderings of WWII's catastrophic events at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Fetter-Vorm unflinchingly chronicles the far-reaching political, environmental, and psychological effects of this new invention. Informative and thought-provoking, Trinity is the ideal introduction to one of the most significant events in history.