Download or read book Zur Verbmorphologie germanischer Sprachen written by Sheila Watts and published by de Gruyter. This book was released on 2001 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Der altgermanischen Sprachen Gotisch, Altnordisch und Altsächsisch bis hin zu den modernen Sprachen Niederländisch, Englisch und Deutsch als Datenquellen bedienen sich die in diesem Buch erscheinenden Beiträge zur historischen Verbmorphologie. Besondere Berücksichtigung finden Themen wie die Ursprünge der starken und schwachen Verben, die Entwicklung grammatischer Kategorien im Bereich Tempus-Aspekt-Modus und sowohl deren morphologischen bzw. syntaktischen Markierung als auch deren Implikationen für die Semantik der Verbalphrase. Die Aufsätze gehen über die Beschreibung der Phänomene hinaus, indem sie sich theoretischen Fragen stellen, ohne daß sich das Buch jedoch auf nur eine bestimmte Theorie beschränkt. Die Diskussionen zur Rekonstruktion, Typologie und Analogie sowie der Grammatikalisierung, Ergativität und Polarität des germanischen Verbs werfen ein neues Licht auf die diversen Formen seiner grammatischen und semantischen Funktionen.
Download or read book Zur Verbmorphologie germanischer Sprachen written by Sheila Watts and published by de Gruyter. This book was released on 2001 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Der altgermanischen Sprachen Gotisch, Altnordisch und Altsächsisch bis hin zu den modernen Sprachen Niederländisch, Englisch und Deutsch als Datenquellen bedienen sich die in diesem Buch erscheinenden Beiträge zur historischen Verbmorphologie. Besondere Berücksichtigung finden Themen wie die Ursprünge der starken und schwachen Verben, die Entwicklung grammatischer Kategorien im Bereich Tempus-Aspekt-Modus und sowohl deren morphologischen bzw. syntaktischen Markierung als auch deren Implikationen für die Semantik der Verbalphrase. Die Aufsätze gehen über die Beschreibung der Phänomene hinaus, indem sie sich theoretischen Fragen stellen, ohne daß sich das Buch jedoch auf nur eine bestimmte Theorie beschränkt. Die Diskussionen zur Rekonstruktion, Typologie und Analogie sowie der Grammatikalisierung, Ergativität und Polarität des germanischen Verbs werfen ein neues Licht auf die diversen Formen seiner grammatischen und semantischen Funktionen.
Download or read book Evidentiality in German written by Gabriele Diewald and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2010-08-31 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive study of the evidential system in German. It presents a systematic description of the encoding of evidentiality in present-day German, as well as a diachronic reconstruction of the relevant sources and paths of grammaticalization from the Old High German period onwards. Based on empirical corpus research, the study investigates the degree of grammaticalization of each single evidential construction and the make-up of the present-day system as well as the diachronic stages that lead to the present state. The book focuses on three main issues. First, it is concerned with the general notion of evidentiality, its deictic character, and with the interrelations between the domains of evidentiality and epistemic modality. Second, the book presents the results of the synchronic corpus-based analysis of the German evidential periphrastic constructions werden 'become' + infinitive, scheinen 'seem', drohen 'threaten', versprechen 'promise' + zu 'to'- infinitive, which constitute a paradigm for coding evidentiality in Present Day German. Third, the diachronic development of the evidential constructions is represented as a complex grammaticalization process, interacting with the development of modal constructions and leading to a highly differentiated category of modal and evidential distinctions in the grammar of German.
Download or read book A History of German written by Joe Salmons and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-11 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed introduction to the development of the German language from the earliest reconstructible prehistory to the present day. It is supported by a companion website and is suitable for language learners and teachers and students of linguistics, from undergraduate level upwards.
Download or read book The Germanic Strong Verbs written by Robert Mailhammer and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-09-25 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a contribution to the ongoing discussion of the genesis of the Germanic language, this book investigates the strong verbs of Proto-Germanic using a new approach that combines historical and typological morphology with quantitative etymology. It reveals that the morphological peculiarities and the etymological problems of the strong verbs have been considerably underestimated. The first part of the book explains how drastically the inherited verb system was transformed when it was uniformized and simplified around a functionalized verbal ablaut. In particular, it is shown that the systemic position of ablaut is typologically different from that in the verb morphology of the Indo-European parent language. Moreover, the origin of the lengthened grade preterits and other well-known morphological problems of the strong verbs are discussed. After developing a methodological framework, the second part of the book presents a quantitative analysis of the etymological situation of the strong verbs. It demonstrates that the etymological relations of the strong verbs are significantly less clear than commonly assumed, as almost half of them have no accepted etymology. A comparative quantification of the primary verbs of Sanskrit and Ancient Greek, both of which possess much better etymological connections within the Indo-European language family, underlines the significance of the Germanic data and the validity of the analytical framework. Taken together, the investigations presented in this book put the Germanic strong verbs in a new and markedly different light. Their largely obscure etymological situation in combination with their far-reaching morphological restructuring has telling implications for the prehistory of the Germanic languages and suggests new pathways for future research.
Download or read book A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages written by R.D. Fulk and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2018-09-15 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fulk’s Comparative Grammar offers an overview of and bibliographical guide to the study of the phonology and the inflectional morphology of the earliest Germanic languages, with particular attention to Gothic, Old Norse / Icelandic, Old English, Old Frisian, Old Saxon, and Old High German, along with some attention to the more sparsely attested languages. The sounds and inflections of the oldest Germanic languages are compared, with a view to reconstructing the forms they took in Proto-Germanic and comparing those reconstructed forms with what is known of the Indo-European protolanguage. Students will find the book an informative introduction and a bibliographically instructive point of departure for intensive research in the numerous issues that remain profoundly contested in early Germanic language history.
Download or read book To be or not to be The Verbum Substantivum from Synchronic Diachronic and Typological Perspectives written by Michail L. Kotin and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The verbs of the 'to be'-group, also called verba substantiva, belong to the most enigmatic phenomena of the human language. Combining a distinct suppletivity of their conjugational forms in most languages with a striking semantic and functional ambiguity, as well as unique syntactic capabilities, they form a very specific class of linguistic entities. They can be referred to, without exaggeration, as one of the conceptually gravest and most "symptomatic" language formations. Typologically, the be-verbs demonstrate, on the one hand, a set of similar features in almost every language, which is excellent evidence of their universal validity. On the other hand, the differences between these verbs in various language groups and even in particular languages are remarkable proof of language relativism. Historically, the be-verbs show a sequence of relevant stages in their formal, semantic and syntactic developments, which in many aspects coincide with their typological and individual, "idioethnic" features and properties. One can trace, among other things, paths and mechanisms of their development and salient changes of their functions in language systems of different types. Especially important are also changes in the form and function of the be-verbs arising from language contact, for they indicate essential tendencies in the evolution of these entities accelerated by the influence of language interaction triggers. The contribution of to be-verbs to the morphology, semantics and syntax of the majority of the languages of the world is substantial from a number of perspectives, and these verbs belong to the most complex and simultaneously central entities of human language. For this reason their analysis must continually be synchronized with the newest results of general linguistic research. This volume, hence, describes and interprets the to be-verbs and constructions in the broad context of contemporary linguistic research, including synchrony, diachrony, diatopy, language contrast and typology.
Download or read book A History of German written by Joseph Salmons and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed but accessible introduction to the development of the German language from the earliest reconstructable prehistory to the present day. Joe Salmons explores a range of topics in the history of the language, offering answers to questions such as: How did German come to have so many different dialects and close linguistic cousins like Dutch and Plattdeutsch? Why does German have 'umlaut' vowels and why do they play so many different roles in the grammar? Why are noun plurals so complicated? Are dialects dying out today? Does English, with all the words it loans to German, pose a threat to the language? This second edition has been extensively expanded and revised to include extended coverage of syntactic and pragmatic change throughout, expanded discussion of sociolinguistic aspects, language variation, and language contact, and more on the position of German in the Germanic family. The book is supported by a companion website and is suitable for language learners and teachers and students of linguistics, from undergraduate level upwards. The new edition also includes more detailed background information to make it more accessible for beginners.
Download or read book What Counts as Evidence in Linguistics written by Martina Penke and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What counts as evidence in linguistics? This question is addressed by the contributions to the present volume (originally published as a Special Issue of Studies in Language 28:3 (2004). Focusing on the innateness debate, what is illustrated is how formal and functional approaches to linguistics have different perspectives on linguistic evidence. While special emphasis is paid to the status of typological evidence and universals for the construction of Universal Grammar (UG), this volume also highlights more general issues such as the roles of (non)-standard language and historical evidence. To address the overall topic, the following three guiding questions are raised: What type of evidence can be used for innateness claims (or UG)?; What is the content of such innate features (or UG)?; and, How can UG be used as a theory guiding empirical research? A combination of articles and peer commentaries yields a lively discussion between leading representatives of formal and functional approaches.
Download or read book Language and Meaning written by Christopher Beedham and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lcc number: 2005048394
Download or read book Constructions in Contact written by Hans C. Boas and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2018-12-15 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last three decades have seen the emergence of Construction Grammar as a major research paradigm in linguistics. At the same time, very few researchers have taken a constructionist perspective on language contact phenomena. This volume brings together, for the first time, a broad range of original contributions providing insights into language contact phenomena from a constructionist perspective. Focusing primarily on Germanic languages, the papers in this volume demonstrate how the notion of construction can be fruitfully applied to investigate how a range of different language contact phenomena can be systematically analyzed from the perspectives of both form and meaning.
Download or read book Verb second as a reconstruction phenomenon written by Constantin Freitag and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-10-25 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series publishes original contributions which describe and theoretically analyze structures of natural languages. The main focus is on principles and rules of grammatical and lexical knowledge both with respect to individual languages and from a comparative perspective. The volumes cover all levels of linguistic analysis, especially phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, including aspects of language acquisition, language use, language change, and phonetical and neuronal realization.
Download or read book The Expression of Negation written by Laurence R. Horn and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2010-05-27 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Negation is a sine qua non of every human language but is absent from otherwise complex systems of animal communication. In many ways, it is negation that makes us human, imbuing us with the capacity to deny, to contradict, to misrepresent, to lie, and to convey irony. The apparent simplicity of logical negation as a one-place operator that toggles truth and falsity belies the intricate complexity of the expression of negation in natural language. Not only do we find negative adverbs, verbs, copulas, quantifiers, and affixes, but the interaction of negation with other operators (including multiple iterations of negation itself) can be exceedingly complex to describe, extending (as first detailed by Otto Jespersen) to negative concord, negative incorporation, and the widespread occurrence of negative polarity items whose distribution is subject to principles of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. The chapters in this book survey the patterning of negative utterances in natural languages, spanning such foundational issues as how negative sentences are realized cross-linguistically and how that realization tends to change over time, how negation is acquired by children, how it is processed by adults, and how its expression changes over time. Specific chapters offer focused empirical studies of negative polarity, pleonastic negation, and negative/quantifier scope interaction, as well as detailed examinations of the form and function of sentential negation in modern Romance languages and Classical Japanese.
Download or read book The Sound of Indo European written by Benedicte Nielsen Whitehead and published by Museum Tusculanum Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contribution in this volume discuss a large variety of issues from the realm of Indo-European phonology in its broadest definition, stretching from minute phonetic to more abstract levels of phonemics and morphophonemics and centering upon all varieties of Indo-European, including the protolanguage and its recent pre-stages and, in effect, all of its post-stages till this day.
Download or read book Beyond Any and Ever written by Eva Csipak and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-07-15 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The grammar of negative polarity items is one of the challenges for linguistic theory. NPIs cross-cut all traditional categories in grammar and semantics, yet their distribution is by no means arbitrary. Theories of NPI licensing have been proposed in terms of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics - each with its own merits and problems. The volume comprises state-of-the-art studies and suggests an interpolation approach to NPI licensing.
Download or read book Linguistik im Nordwesten written by Rebecca Carroll and published by Brockmeyer Verlag. This book was released on 2012 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Grammar of Old English Volume 2 written by Richard M. Hogg and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-24 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Grammar of Old English, Volume II: Morphology completes Richard M. Hogg's two-volume analysis of the sounds and grammatical forms of the Old English language. Incorporates insights derived from the latest theoretical and technological advances, which post-date most Old English grammars Utilizes the databases of the Toronto Dictionary of Old English project - a digital corpus comprising at least one copy of each text surviving in Old English Features separation of diachronic and synchronic considerations in the sometimes complicated analysis of Old English noun morphology Includes extensive bibliographical coverage of Old English morphology
