Download or read book ZnO Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications written by Prasada Rao Talakonda and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films have good electro-optical properties suitable for opto-electronic applications. The present study explains the deposition and characterization of n-type and p-type ZnO thin films by spray pyrolysis. The films were characterized by different methods to understand their structural, optical and electrical properties. Gallium was chosen as the impurity dopant in ZnO films to improve the electrical properties. The electrical conductivity, carrier concentration and mobility of Ga doped ZnO (GZO) films were highly improved in comparison to undoped ZnO films. The GZO films showed good optical transmittance in the visible region. The electrical and optical results suggest that the GZO films are suitable to use as a TCO in optoelectronic industries. The p-type ZnO thin films were successesfully realized using dual acceptor method. The Hall measurements and room temperature photolumiscence results were supported p-type nature of (Li, N): ZnO thin films.

Download or read book Advances in Communication Devices and Networking written by Sourav Dhar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-30 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers recent trends in the field of devices, wireless communication and networking. It gathers selected papers presented at the International Conference on Communication, Devices and Networking (ICCDN 2020), which was organized by the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim, India, on 19–20 December 2020. Gathering cutting-edge research papers prepared by researchers, engineers and industry professionals, it helps young and experienced scientists and developers alike to explore new perspectives, and offer them inspirations on how to address real-world problems in the areas of electronics, communication, devices and networking.

Download or read book Recent Applications in Sol Gel Synthesis written by Usha Chandra and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Versatility, extended compositional ranges, better homogeneity, lesser energy consumption, and requirement of nonexpensive equipments have boosted the use of sol-gel process on top of the popularity in the synthesis of nanosystems. The sol-gel technique has not only revolutionized oxide ceramics industry and/or material science but has also extended widely into multidimensional applications. The book Recent Applications in Sol-Gel Synthesis comprises 14 chapters that deal mainly with the application-oriented aspects of the technique. Sol-gel prepared metal oxide (MO) nanostructures like nanospheres, nanorods, nanoflakes, nanotubes, and nanoribbons have been employed in biomedical applications involving drug deliveries, mimicking of natural bone, and antimicrobial activities. The possibility of controlling grain size in aerogel and preparation of ultrahigh-temperature ceramic (UHTC)-based materials, fluorescent glasses, ultraviolet photosensors, and photocatalysts have been discussed in detail by the experts in the field. The usefulness of sol-gel materials as active GRIN, as textile finisher, and as leather modifier with water-repellent and oil-resistive properties would be an incentive for researchers keen to pursue the field.

Download or read book Zinc Oxide Bulk Thin Films and Nanostructures Processing Properties and Applications written by Chennupati Jagadish and published by Elsevier Science. This book was released on 2006-09 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an in-depth exploration of the following topics, this book covers the broad uses of zinc oxide within the fields of materials science and engineering: - Recent advances in bulk, thin film and nanowire growth of ZnO (including MBE, MOCVD and PLD), - The characterization of the resulting material (including the related ternary systems ZgMgO and ZnCdO), - Improvements in device processing modules (including ion implantation for doping and isolation, Ohmic and Schottky contacts, wet and dry etching), - The role of impurities and defects on materials properties - Applications of ZnO in UV light emitters/detectors, gas, biological and chemical-sensing, transparent electronics, spintronics and thin film

Download or read book Pulsed Laser Deposition of Zinc Oxide Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications written by Joseph B. Franklin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films have great promise for a wide range of optoelectronic applications, however controlling crystallinity and stoichiometry at low processing temperatures remains a challenge. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a versatile technique that allows precise control the film properties. The crystallinity and electrical properties can, theoretically, be tuned by altering a wide variety of deposition parameters. However, until now there has been little work performed exploring PLD as a technique for the preparation of thin films at low temperature, for use in optoelectronic applications. In this thesis, PLD is demonstrated as a highly appropriate technique for the preparation of semiconducting and electrically conducting transparent films, over a wide range of substrate temperatures applicable for optoelectronic grade substrates. Deposition conditions are identified allowing the low temperature deposition of ZnO directly onto functional organic poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) coated substrates. To demonstrate the applicability of this methodology the preparation of conventional architecture hybrid (inorganic:organic) photovoltaic devices is outlined with no degradation to the microstructure, optical or electrical properties of the P3HT observed. The methodology is widely applicable for depositing oxide interlayers multilayer organic devices. In this thesis, the role of ZnO is investigated as i) an exciton dissociation and electron transporting layer in hybrid devices, ii) an optical spacing layer in organic bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices and iii) as a transparent conducting oxide (when doped with A1) as a top contact for organic optoelectronic devices. Device performance is optimised through careful control of PLD parameters. In each device and in free-standing thin films the microstructure, morphology and crystallographic nature of the as-deposited ZnO is studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrical properties are studied in both operational devices and by 4-point probe measurements.

Download or read book Optimisation of ZnO Thin Films written by Saurabh Nagar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-22 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph describes the different implantation mechanisms which can be used to achieve strong, reliable and stable p-type ZnO thin films. The results will prove useful in the field of optoelectronics in the UV region. This book will prove useful to research scholars and professionals working on doping and implantation of ZnO thin films and subsequently fabricating optoelectronic devices. The first chapter of the monograph emphasises the importance of ZnO in the field of optoelectronics for ultraviolet (UV) region and also discusses the material, electronic and optical properties of ZnO. The book then goes on to discuss the optimization of pulsed laser deposited (PLD) ZnO thin films in order to make successful p-type films. This can enable achievement of high optical output required for high-efficiency devices. The book also discusses a hydrogen implantation study on the optimized films to confirm whether the implantation leads to improvement in the optimized results.

Download or read book Functional Oxide Based Thin Film Materials written by Dong-Sing Wuu and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue on Functional Oxide-Based Thin-Film Materials touches on the latest advancements in several aspects related to material science: the synthesis of novel oxide, photoluminescence characteristics, photocatalytic ability, energy storage, light emitter studies, low-emissivity glass coatings, and investigations of both nanostructure and thin-film properties. It represents an amalgamation of specialists working with device applications and shedding light on the properties and behavior of thin-film oxides (e.g., GaOx, Ga2O3, HfO2, LiNbO3, and doped ZnO, among numerous others). The papers cover many aspects of thin-film science and technology, from thin film to nanostructure and from material properties to optoelectronic applications, thus reflecting the many interests of the community of scientists active in the field.

Download or read book Zinc Oxide A Material for Micro and Optoelectronic Applications written by Norbert H. Nickel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-28 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, a significant effort has been devoted to the investigation of ZnO as a suitable semiconductor for UV light-emitting diodes, lasers, and detectors and hetero-substrates for GaN. Research is driven not only by the technological requirements of state-of-the-art applications but also by the lack of a fundamental understanding of growth processes, the role of intrinsic defects and dopants, and the properties of hydrogen. The NATO Advanced Research Workshop on “Zinc oxide as a material for micro- and optoelectronic applications”, held from June 23 to June 25 2004 in St. Petersburg, Russia, was organized accordingly and started with the growth of ZnO. A variety of growth methods for bulk and layer growth were discussed. These techniques comprised growth methods such as closed space vapor transport (CSVT), metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, reactive ion sputtering, and pulsed laser deposition. From a structural point of view using these growth techniques ZnO can be fabricated ranging from single crystalline bulk material to polycrystalline ZnO and nanowhiskers. A major aspect of the ZnO growth is doping. n-type doping is relatively easy to accomplish with elements such al Al or Ga. At room temperature single crystal ZnO exhibits a resistivity of about 0. 3 -cm, an electron mobility of 2 17 -3 225 cm /Vs, and a carrier concentration of 10 cm . In n-type ZnO two shallow donors are observable with activation energies of 30 – 40 meV and 60 – 70 meV.

Download or read book ZnO Thin Films written by Paolo Mele and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an n-type semiconductor with versatile applications such as optical devices in ultraviolet region, piezoelectric transducers, transparent electrode for solar cells and gas sensors. This book "ZnO Thin Films: Properties, Performance and Applications" gives a deep insight in the intriguing science of zinc oxide thin films. It is devoted to cover the most recent advances and reviews the state of the art of ZnO thin films applications involving energy harvesting, microelectronics, magnetic devices, photocatalysis, photovoltaics, optics, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, electrochemistry, temperature sensing. It serves as a fundamental information source on the techniques and methodologies involved in zinc oxide thin films growth, characterization, post-deposition plasma treatments and device processing. This book will be invaluable to the experts to consolidate their knowledge and provide insight and inspiration to beginners wishing to learn about zinc oxide thin films.

Download or read book Zinc Oxide Bulk Thin Films and Nanostructures written by Chennupati Jagadish and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-10 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an in-depth exploration of the following topics, this book covers the broad uses of zinc oxide within the fields of materials science and engineering: - Recent advances in bulk , thin film and nanowire growth of ZnO (including MBE, MOCVD and PLD), - The characterization of the resulting material (including the related ternary systems ZgMgO and ZnCdO), - Improvements in device processing modules (including ion implantation for doping and isolation ,Ohmic and Schottky contacts , wet and dry etching), - The role of impurities and defects on materials properties - Applications of ZnO in UV light emitters/detectors, gas, biological and chemical-sensing, transparent electronics, spintronics and thin film

Download or read book Investigation on the ZnO Thin Film for Optoelectronic Device Application written by 林書慶 and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Metal Oxide Nanocomposite Thin Films for Optoelectronic Device Applications written by Rayees Ahmad Zargar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-11-07 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: METAL OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITE THIN FILMS FOR OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICE APPLICATIONS The book provides insight into the fundamental aspects, latest research, synthesis route development, preparation, and future applications of metal oxide nanocomposite thin films. The fabrication of thin film-based materials is important to the future production of safe, efficient, and affordable energy as the devices convert sunlight into electricity. Thin film devices allow excellent interface engineering for high-performance printable solar cells as their structures are highly reliable and stand-alone systems can provide the required megawatts. They have been used as power sources in solar home systems, remote buildings, water pumping, megawatt-scale power plants, satellites, communications, and space vehicles. Metal Oxide Nanocomposite Thin Films for Optoelectronic Device Applications covers the basics of advanced nanometal oxide-based materials, their synthesis, characterization, and applications, and all the updated information on optoelectronics. Topics discussed include the implications of metal oxide thin films, which are critical for device fabrications. It provides updated information on the economic aspect and toxicity, with great focus paid to display applications, and covers some core areas of nanotechnology, which are particularly concerned with optoelectronics and the available technologies. The book concludes with insights into the role of nanotechnology and the physics behind photovoltaics. Audience The book will be an important volume for electronics and electrical engineers, nanotechnologists, materials scientists, inorganic chemists in academic research, and those in industries, exploring the applications of nanoparticles in semiconductors, power electronics, and more.

Download or read book Spectroscopic Ellipsometry written by Harland G. Tompkins and published by Momentum Press. This book was released on 2015-12-16 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ellipsometry is an experimental technique for determining the thickness and optical properties of thin films. It is ideally suited for films ranging in thickness from sub-nanometer to several microns. Spectroscopic measurements have greatly expanded the capabilities of this technique and introduced its use into all areas where thin films are found: semiconductor devices, flat panel and mobile displays, optical coating stacks, biological and medical coatings, protective layers, and more. While several scholarly books exist on the topic, this book provides a good introduction to the basic theory of the technique and its common applications. The target audience is not the ellipsometry scholar, but process engineers and students of materials science who are experts in their own fields and wish to use ellipsometry to measure thin film properties without becoming an expert in ellipsometry itself.

Download or read book Zinc Oxide Materials for Electronic and Optoelectronic Device Applications written by Cole W. Litton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-23 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) powder has been widely used as a white paint pigment and industrial processing chemical for nearly 150 years. However, following a rediscovery of ZnO and its potential applications in the 1950s, science and industry alike began to realize that ZnO had many interesting novel properties that were worthy of further investigation. ZnO is a leading candidate for the next generation of electronics, and its biocompatibility makes it viable for medical devices. This book covers recent advances including crystal growth, processing and doping and also discusses the problems and issues that seem to be impeding the commercialization of devices. Topics include: Energy band structure and spintronics Fundamental optical and electronic properties Electronic contacts of ZnO Growth of ZnO crystals and substrates Ultraviolet photodetectors ZnO quantum wells Zinc Oxide Materials for Electronic and Optoelectronic Device Applications is ideal for university, government, and industrial research and development laboratories, particularly those engaged in ZnO and related materials research.

Download or read book Transparent Conductive Zinc Oxide written by Klaus Ellmer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-29 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zinc oxide (ZnO) belongs to the class of transparent conducting oxides that can be used as transparent electrodes in electronic devices or heated windows. In this book the material properties of, the deposition technologies for, and applications of zinc oxide in thin film solar cells are described in a comprehensive manner. Structural, morphological, optical and electronic properties of ZnO are treated in this review.

Download or read book Zinc Oxide Transparent Thin Films for Optoelectronics written by Karthik Sivaramakrishnan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The object of this body of work is to study the properties and suitability of zinc oxide thin films with a view to engineering them for optoelectronics applications, making them a cheap and effective alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO), the most used transparent conducting oxides in the industry. Initially, a study was undertaken to examine the behavior of silver contacts to ZnO and ITO during thermal processing, a step frequently used in materials processing in optoelectronics. The second study involved an attempt to improve the conductivity of ZnO films by inserting a thin copper layer between two ZnO layers. The Hall resistivity of the films was as low as 6.910-5 omega-cm with a carrier concentration of 1.21022 cm-3 at the optimum copper layer thickness. The physics of conduction in the films has been examined. In order to improve the average visible transmittance, we replaced the copper layer with gold. The films were then found to undergo a seven orders of magnitude drop in effective resistivity from 200 omega-cm to 5.210-5 omega-cm The films have an average transmittance between 75% and 85% depending upon the gold thickness, and a peak transmittance of up to 93%. The best Haacke figure of merit was 15.110-3 omega -1. Finally, to test the multilayer transparent electrodes on a device, ZnO/Au/ZnO (ZAZ) electrodes were evaluated as transparent electrodes for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). The electrodes exhibited substantially enhanced conductivity (about 810-5 omega-cm) over conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes (about 3.210-5 omega-cm). OLEDs fabricated with the ZAZ electrodes showed reduced leakage compared to control OLEDs on ITO and reduced ohmic losses at high current densities. At a luminance of 25000 cd/m2, the lum/W efficiency of the ZAZ electrode based device improved by 5% compared to the device on ITO. A normalized intensity graph of the colour output from the green OLEDs shows that ZAZ electrodes allow for a broader spectral output in the green wavelength region of peak photopic sensitivity compared to ITO. The results have implications for electrode choice in display technology.

Download or read book Processing and Characterization of P Type Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films written by Michelle Anne Myers and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of zinc oxide (ZnO) for optoelectronic devices, including light emitting diodes, semiconductor lasers, and solar cells have not yet been realized due to the lack of high-quality p-type ZnO. In the research presented herein, pulsed laser deposition is employed to grow Ag-doped ZnO thin films, which are characterized in an attempt to understand the ability of Ag to act as a p-type dopant. By correlating the effects of the substrate temperature, oxygen pressure, and laser energy on the electrical and microstructural properties of Ag-doped ZnO films grown on c-cut sapphire substrates, p-type conductivity is achieved under elevated substrate temperatures. Characteristic stacking fault features have been continuously observed by transmission electron microscopy in all of the p-type films. Photoluminescence studies on n-type and p-type Ag-doped ZnO thin films demonstrate the role of stacking faults in determining the conductivity of the films. Exciton emission attributed to basal plane stacking faults suggests that the acceptor impurities are localized nearby the stacking faults in the n-type films. The photoluminescence investigation provides a correlation between microstructural characteristics and electrical properties of Ag- doped ZnO thin films; a link that enables further understanding of the doping nature of Ag impurities in ZnO. Under optimized deposition conditions, various substrates are investigated as potential candidates for ZnO thin film growth, including r -cut sapphire, quartz, and amorphous glass. Electrical results indicated that despite narrow conditions for obtaining p-type conductivity at a given substrate temperature, flexibility in substrate choice enables improved electrical properties. In parallel, N+-ion implantation at elevated temperatures is explored as an alternative approach to achieve p-type ZnO. The ion implantation fluence and temperature have been optimized to achieve p-type conductivity. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that characteristic stacking fault features are present throughout the p-type films, however in n-type N-doped films high-density defect clusters are observed. These results suggest that the temperature under which ion implantation is performed plays a critical role in determining the amount of dynamic defect re- combination that can take place, as well as defect cluster formation processes. Ion implantation at elevated temperatures is shown to be an effective method to introduce increased concentrations of p-type N dopants while reducing the amount of stable post-implantation disorder. Finally, the fabrication and properties of p-type Ag-doped ZnO/n-type ZnO and p-type N-doped ZnO/n-type ZnO thin film junctions were reported. For the N-doped sample, a rectifying behavior was observed in the I-V curve, consistent with N-doped ZnO being p-type and forming a p-n junction. The turn-on voltage of the device was -2.3 V under forward bias. The Ag-doped samples did not result in rectifying behavior as a result of conversion of the p-type layer to n-type behavior under the n- type layer deposition conditions. The systematic studies in this dissertation provide possible routes to grow p-type Ag-doped ZnO films and in-situ thermal activation of N-implanted dopant ions, to overcome the growth temperature limits, and to push one step closer to the future integration of ZnO-based devices. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149354