Download or read book From Dust To Stars written by Norbert S. Schulz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-06 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of stellar formation in galaxies have a profound impact on our understanding of the present and the early universe. The book describes complex physical processes involved in the creation of stars and during their young lives. It illustrates how these processes reveal themselves from radio wavelengths to high energy X-rays and gamma -rays, with special reference towards high energy signatures. Several sections devoted to key analysis techniques demonstrate how modern research in this field is pursued.
Download or read book Exploring the Formation and Evolutionary Pathways of Young Stars and Planetary Systems at High Precision written by Daniel Milker Krolikowski and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The star and planet formation process is one continuous event on scales from a giant molecular cloud to an individual circumstellar disk. There are a multitude of competing theories for the dominant physical mechanisms acting at each stage of this process, ranging from cloud conditions to how planet characteristics change over time. The properties of young stellar associations, the stars within them, and their planetary systems are crucial direct tests of these competing models. However, finding and characterizing isolated young systems is hard. Our best opportunity is to measure the ensemble age of a coeval group of stars, and observe systems within them to study the inherently intertwined star and planet formation and evolution process. In my dissertation, I use precision observations of young stars and planetary systems to explore their formation and evolutionary pathways. I first present a comprehensive census of the Taurus star forming region to reconstruct its complex star forming history. I use Gaia astrometry to reveal its highly substructured nature, identifying subgroups with age spreads indicating a prolonged star forming event, and kinematics indicating a typical turbulent environment and early dynamical evolution. Taurus is likely connected to a long-lasting, larger-scale galactic star forming event that can only be uncovered in the Gaia era. I then discuss exoplanet-related projects using high precision NIR spectroscopy from the Habitable-zone Planet Finder. Young stars are highly active, which introduces significant noise in spectroscopic observations. In a sample of young transiting planet hosts, I characterize the NIR helium spectral feature, which is an important probe of atmospheric mass loss and conditions in the stellar chromosphere. Stellar helium variability decreases with age, reflecting the higher activity levels in youth, but the line strength is constant beyond 100 Myr implying similar line formation conditions across the sample. Stellar variability should not preclude detection of mass loss at young ages. With this same data set, I search for giant planets exterior to the known transiting planets to measure their occurrence rate and constrain the typical dynamical history of a planetary system. I find three candidate signals of long-period companions, although the occurrence rate remains largely unconstrained. My dissertation exemplifies the power that precision observations of young stars has to improve our understanding of the complicated and interrelated processes of star and planet formation and evolution
Download or read book The Formation and Early Evolution of Stars written by Norbert S. Schulz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-24 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starburst regions in nearby and distant galaxies have a profound impact on our understanding of the early universe. This new, substantially updated and extended edition of Norbert Schulz’s unique book "From Dust to Stars" describes complex physical processes involved in the creation and early evolution of stars. It illustrates how these processes reveal themselves from radio wavelengths to high energy X-rays and gamma–rays, with special reference towards high energy signatures. Several sections devoted to key analysis techniques demonstrate how modern research in this field is pursued and new chapters are introduced on massive star formation, proto-planetary disks and observations of young exoplanets. Recent advances and contemporary research on the theory of star formation are explained, as are new observations, specifically from the three great observatories of the Spitzer Space Telescope, the Hubble Space Telescope and the Chandra X-Ray Observatory which all now operate at the same time and make high resolution space based observing in its prime. As indicated by the new title two new chapters have been included on proto-planetary disks and young exoplanets. Many more colour images illustrate attractive old and new topics that have evolved in recent years. The author gives updates in theory, fragmentation, dust, and circumstellar disks and emphasizes and strengthens the targeting of graduate students and young researchers, focusing more on computational approaches in this edition.
Download or read book Formation Evolution and Dynamics of Young Solar Systems written by Martin Pessah and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-04 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book's interdisciplinary scope aims at bridging various communities: 1) cosmochemists, who study meteoritic samples from our own solar system, 2) (sub-) millimetre astronomers, who measure the distribution of dust and gas of star-forming regions and planet-forming discs, 3) disc modellers, who describe the complex photo-chemical structure of parametric discs to fit these to observation, 4) computational astrophysicists, who attempt to decipher the dynamical structure of magnetised gaseous discs, and the effects the resulting internal structure has on the aerodynamic re-distribution of embedded solids, 5) theoreticians in planet formation theory, who aim to piece it all together eventually arriving at a coherent holistic picture of the architectures of planetary systems discovered by 6) the exoplanet observers, who provide us with unprecedented samples of exoplanet worlds. Combining these diverse fields the book sheds light onto the riddles that research on planet formation is currently confronted with, and paves the way for a comprehensive understanding of the formation, evolution, and dynamics of young solar systems. The chapters ‘Chondrules – Ubiquitous Chondritic Solids Tracking the Evolution of the Solar Protoplanetary Disk’, ‘Dust Coagulation with Porosity Evolution’ and ‘The Emerging Paradigm of Pebble Accretion’ are published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Star Disk Interaction in Young Stars IAU S243 written by Jerome Bouvier and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stars form surrounded by a circumstellar disk which is thought to be the cradle of planets. IAU Symposium 243 highlights the latest developments in understanding the structure and evolution of the star-disk interaction region in young stars, a critical component of our knowledge of star and planetary system formation processes. Discussions review the physical processes thought to be at work at the star-disk interface, confront the predictions of the latest numerical and analytical magnetohydrodynamic models of star-disk-jet systems with observations, and explore the consequences of these processes for stellar angular momentum evolution and inner disk structure. The most recent observational results, computer simulations and theoretical developments in this active field of research are included to provide a unique vision into this central aspect of the star and planet formation problem.
Download or read book Protostars and Planets V written by Bo Reipurth and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Protostars and Planets V' builds on the latest results from recent advances in ground and space-based astronomy and in numerical computing techniques to offer the most detailed and up-to-date picture of star and planet formation - including the formation and early evolution of our own solar system.
Download or read book Protostars and Planets VI written by Henrik Beuther and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 945 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a conference held in Heidelberg, Germany, July 15-20, 2013.
Download or read book Astrophysics of Planet Formation written by Philip J. Armitage and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concise and self-contained, this textbook gives a graduate-level introduction to the physical processes that shape planetary systems, covering all stages of planet formation. Writing for readers with undergraduate backgrounds in physics, astronomy, and planetary science, Armitage begins with a description of the structure and evolution of protoplanetary disks, moves on to the formation of planetesimals, rocky, and giant planets, and concludes by describing the gravitational and gas dynamical evolution of planetary systems. He provides a self-contained account of the modern theory of planet formation and, for more advanced readers, carefully selected references to the research literature, noting areas where research is ongoing. The second edition has been thoroughly revised to include observational results from NASA's Kepler mission, ALMA observations and the JUNO mission to Jupiter, new theoretical ideas including pebble accretion, and an up-to-date understanding in areas such as disk evolution and planet migration.
Download or read book Very Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs written by Rafael Rebolo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-11-27 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a state-of-the-art review of our current knowledge of brown dwarfs and very low-mass stars. The hunt for and study of these elusive objects is currently one of the most dynamic areas of research in astronomy for two reasons. Brown dwarfs bridge the gap between stars and planets, and they may constitute an important part of the 'dark matter' of the Universe. This volume presents review articles from a team of international authorities who gathered at a conference in La Palma to assess the spectacular progress that has been made in this field in the last few years.
Download or read book Formation of Planets Around the Sun and Other Stars written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quest to understand the formation of planets and planetary systems has entered an era of renaissance. Driven by observational discoveries in solar system exploration, protostellar disks, and extra solar planets, we have established a rich data bank which contains not only relic clues around mature stars, including the Sun, but also direct image of ongoing processes around young stars. For the first time in this scientific endeavor, we have adequate information to construct quantitative models to account for the ubiquity of planets and diversity of planetary systems. Some of the most intriguing theoretical questions facing us today include: (a) how did the planets in the solar system form with their present-day mass, composition, and orbital elements, (b) is planet formation a deterministic or chaotic process, and (c) what are the observable signatures of planet formation and evolution around nearby young and mature stars? I will present a comprehensive scenario which suggests (a) gas giant planets formed through coagulation of planetsimals and gas accretion onto earth-like cores; (b) the final assemblage of the terrestrial planets in the solar system occurred through the propagation of Jupiter's secular resonance 4-30 Myrs after the emergence of the gas giant; and (c) although they are yet to be discovered, Earth-like planets are expected to be common around nearby stars.
Download or read book Accretion Processes in Star Formation written by Lee Hartmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-11-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent discoveries of extrasolar planets and new direct evidence for protoplanetary disks around young stars have had a major impact on our understanding of star and planet formation. This volume provides a thorough, up-to-date, and concise overview of the physical processes involved in the formation of stars and their surrounding disks. The book traces the story of star formation from the fragmentation of cold molecular gas clouds, through the formation of protostars and rotating dusty disks to the subsequent accretion of material onto the central star. Lee Hartmann integrates state-of-the-art theoretical models with recent observations, highlighting important problems that remain to be solved.
Download or read book On The Origin Of Planets By Means Of Natural Simple Processes written by Michael Mark Woolfson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010-09-23 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book begins with a historical review of four major theories for the origin of the Solar System in particular, or of planets in general, which highlight the major problems that need to be solved by any plausible theory. In many theories, including that which form the major theme of this book, the formation of planets and stars is intimately linked, so four chapters are devoted to the processes that can be described as the birth, life and death of stars.Recent observations that have revealed the existence of planets around many Sun-like stars are described in detail, followed by a clear exposition of the Capture Theory for the origin of planets. Many aspects of this theory are illustrated with sophisticated computer modelling that convincingly demonstrates the plausibility of the theory. The Capture Theory is in complete accord with all observations, including the estimate it gives for the proportion of Sun-like stars with planets. It is the only theory that sits comfortably with all present observational and theoretical constraints.The general theory of planet formation does not explain the detailed structure of the Solar System. An early postulated collision of two major planets is shown to explain many disparate features of the Solar System — the nature of the terrestrial planets, surface features of the Moon and its relationship with Earth, asteroids, comets and dwarf planets, the relationship between Neptune, Triton and Pluto and the characteristics of meteorites, including the isotopic anomalies found in them. The postulate of a planetary collision is given support by a 2009 NASA observation of the residue of such an event around a distant young star./a
Download or read book Physical Processes in Circumstellar Disks Around Young Stars written by Paulo J. V. Garcia and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-05-15 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Circumstellar disks are vast expanses of dust that form around new stars in the earliest stages of their birth. Predicted by astronomers as early as the eighteenth century, they weren’t observed until the late twentieth century, when interstellar imaging technology enabled us to see nascent stars hundreds of light years away. Since then, circumstellar disks have become an area of intense study among astrophysicists, largely because they are thought to be the forerunners of planetary systems like our own—the possible birthplaces of planets. This volume brings together a team of leading experts to distill the most up-to-date knowledge of circumstellar disks into a clear introductory volume. Understanding circumstellar disks requires a broad range of scientific knowledge, including chemical processes, the properties of dust and gases, hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics, radiation transfer, and stellar evolution—all of which are covered in this comprehensive work, which will be indispensable for graduate students, seasoned researchers, or even advanced undergrads setting out on the study of planetary evolution.
Download or read book The Origin of Stars and Planetary Systems written by Charles J. Lada and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A few years after the publication of The Physics of Star Formation and Early Stellar Evolution, we received a request from the publisher for an up dated second edition of this popular reference book. As originally intended, the volume had proved to be a useful "text" book for graduate astronomy courses and seminars which dealt with topics related to stellar origins. The book was based on a series of lectures delivered by a distinguished group of leading researchers at a NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) held in May 1990 on the island of Crete, Greece. The primary goal of the ASI was in fact to produce a book which "would simultaneously provide a broad and systematic overview of, as well as a rigorous introduction to, the fun damental physics and astronomy at the heart of modern research in star formation and early stellar evolution. " However, by 1995 concern had arisen among those who used the text as a reference for graduate seminars and courses that the book would need to be updated to stay abreast of the discoveries and progress in this rapidly evolving field. After some discussion we concluded that a new edition of the book was warranted and that the goal of producing a new edition would be best accomplished by organizing a second ASI in Crete to review the progress in star formation research.
Download or read book Investigations of Planet Formation in Circumstellar Discs Around Young Stars written by Raeesa Parker and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Revealing Star and Planet Formation with Stellar Multiplicity written by Kendall Sullivan and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of star and planet formation work to understand the processes that produced the Solar System and the many other systems now known to host exoplanets. Understanding star and planet formation requires measurement of accurate stellar properties at all evolutionary stages of stellar and planetary systems. These stellar properties include age, mass, effective temperature (T [subscript eff]), stellar radius, and stellar multiplicity. Binary stars and higher-order multiples comprise about half of the population of main-sequence solar-type stars, and stellar multiplicity impacts the observed properties of stars across their lifetimes. Because exoplanet and stellar demographics are typically inferred from stellar properties, incorrect stellar characterization because of binaries feeds into biases and errors in stellar populations and exoplanet demographics. In this dissertation, I explored the impact of binary stars in the two scientific contexts of young stellar associations and binary stars that host exoplanets. In my studies of young stellar associations, I developed a simulation suite to perform synthetic spectroscopic surveys. I implemented mass-dependent binary properties to explore the origins of apparent mass-dependent age gradients previously observed in star-forming regions. My subsequent work added starspots to the simulation. I found that although binary stars can explain mass-dependent age gradients, starspots become the dominant contributor to the gradient in populations with Gaia distances. I also explored the nature of the relationship between accretion and circumstellar disks in young stars and found that the inner disks of binaries and single stars are probably similar, and that the inner rim of the dust disk is related to the accretion rate as a result of mass transfer through the disk. These studies demonstrated the importance of considering binary stars when attempting to measure ages or understand star formation histories in young stellar associations. In my studies of main sequence binary star exoplanet hosts, I developed an algorithm to accurately characterize the individual components of binary stars that are unresolved in most observations. As an initial step, I tested this code with an archival sample of M stars. Then, I performed a spectroscopic survey of binary stars from the Kepler sample using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope, and carried out two targeted studies of subsamples from the survey. The first study explored binary stars that supposedly host rocky Earth-analog planets and found that most of them are actually gaseous planets, which has implications for exoplanet demographics and attempts to measure the frequency of Earth analogs. The second study explored the radius distribution of small exoplanets and found that the gap in the radius distribution separating rocky and gaseous exoplanets in single systems was not present in binary stars. This result suggested that the location of the gap may be binary-separation-dependent and therefore “blurred out” by a range of stellar separations in the sample. This series of papers has demonstrated the power of using binary stars that host planets as a laboratory for controlled experiments in planet formation and evolution, because the binary properties leave a record of the planet-forming environment. The work presented in this dissertation has shown the ability of binary stars to influence observations of young stars and exoplanet hosts, and has demonstrated the potential of binary stars to provide a direct link between formation environment and exoplanet properties for the first time
Download or read book Protostars and Planets IV written by Vincent Mannings and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Click here for the online version of this book! This title, out of print in 2008, is now available free of charge, in it's entirety, online through the University of Arizona Press! Both a textbook and a status report for every facet of research into the formation of stars and planets, Protostars and Planets IV brings together 167 authors who report on the most significant advances in the field since the publication of the previous volume in 1993. Protostars and Planets IV reflects improvements in observational techniques and the availability of new facilities such as the Infrared Space Observatory, the refurbished Hubble Space Telescope, and the 10-m Keck telescopes. Advances in computer technology and modeling methods have benefited theoretical studies of molecular clouds, star formation, and jets and disks, while recent analyses of meteorites yield important insights into conditions and processes within our Sun's early protoplanetary disk. The 49 chapters describe context and progress for observational and theoretical studies of the structure, chemistry, and dynamics of molecular clouds; the collapse of cores and the formation of protostars; the formation and properties of young binary stars; the properties of winds, jets, and molecular outflows from young stellar objects; the evolution of circumstellar envelopes and disks; grain growth in disks and the formation of planets; and the properties of the early Solar nebula. Protostars and Planets IV is also the first book to include chapters describing the discoveries of extrasolar planets, brown dwarfs, and Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt objects, and the first to include high-resolution optical and near-infrared images of protoplanetary disks. Protostars and Planets IV is an unsurpassed reference not only for established researchers but also for younger scientists whose imagination and work will lead to tomorrow's discoveries.
