Download or read book Yoshiko Fukuda December 18 legislative Day November 27 1950 Ordered to be Printed written by and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toshi Koike December 18 legislative Day November 27 1950 Ordered to be Printed written by and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report written by United States. Congress Senate and published by . This book was released on with total page 2486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Yamaguchi Michiko December 11 legislative Day November 27 1950 Ordered to be Printed written by and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Yoshiko Emory July 12 legislative Day July 1 1950 Ordered to be Printed written by and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mrs Okuni Kobayashi December 18 legislative Day November 27 1950 Ordered to be Printed written by and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fujiko Fukuda May 22 legislative Day March 29 1950 Ordered to be Printed written by and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Yoshiko Matsumura June 1 legislative Day March 29 1950 Ordered to be Printed written by and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Yoshiko Ishii Teves May 22 legislative Day March 29 1950 Ordered to be Printed written by and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mrs Yoshiko Ogiso Peterson August 14 legislative Day July 20 1950 Ordered to be Printed written by and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sumiko Kato February 27 legislative Day February 22 1950 Ordered to be Printed written by and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Masae Marumoto February 27 legislative Day February 22 1950 Ordered to be Printed written by and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The History Problem written by Hiro Saito and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2017-04-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seventy years have passed since the end of the Asia-Pacific War, yet Japan remains embroiled in controversy with its neighbors over the war’s commemoration. Among the many points of contention between Japan, China, and South Korea are interpretations of the Tokyo War Crimes Trial, apologies and compensation for foreign victims of Japanese aggression, prime ministerial visits to the Yasukuni Shrine, and the war’s portrayal in textbooks. Collectively, these controversies have come to be called the “history problem.” But why has the problem become so intractable? Can it ever be resolved, and if so, how? To answer these questions author Hiro Saito mobilizes the sociology of collective memory and social movements, political theories of apology and reconciliation, psychological research on intergroup conflict, and philosophical reflections on memory and history. The history problem, he argues, is essentially a relational phenomenon caused when nations publicly showcase self-serving versions of the past at key ceremonies and events: Japan, South Korea, and China all focus on what happened to their own citizens with little regard for foreign others. Saito goes on to explore the emergence of a cosmopolitan form of commemoration taking humanity, rather than nationality, as its primary frame of reference, an approach increasingly used by a transnational network of advocacy NGOs, victims of Japan’s past wrongdoings, historians, and educators. When cosmopolitan commemoration is practiced as a collective endeavor by both perpetrators and victims, Saito argues, a resolution of the history problem—and eventual reconciliation—will finally become possible. The History Problem examines a vast corpus of historical material in both English and Japanese, offering provocative findings that challenge orthodox explanations. Written in clear and accessible prose, this uniquely interdisciplinary book will appeal to sociologists, political scientists, and historians researching collective memory, nationalism and cosmopolitanism, and international relations—and to anyone interested in the commemoration of historical wrongs. An electronic version of this book is freely available thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched, a collaborative initiative designed to make high-quality books open access for the public good. The open-access version of this book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which means that the work may be freely downloaded and shared for non-commercial purposes, provided credit is given to the author. Derivative works and commercial uses require permission from the publisher.

Download or read book Imperial Way Zen written by Christopher Ives and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2009-07-08 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the first half of the twentieth century, Zen Buddhist leaders contributed actively to Japanese imperialism, giving rise to what has been termed "Imperial-Way Zen" (Kodo Zen). Its foremost critic was priest, professor, and activist Ichikawa Hakugen (1902–1986), who spent the decades following Japan’s surrender almost single-handedly chronicling Zen’s support of Japan’s imperialist regime and pressing the issue of Buddhist war responsibility. Ichikawa focused his critique on the Zen approach to religious liberation, the political ramifications of Buddhist metaphysical constructs, the traditional collaboration between Buddhism and governments in East Asia, the philosophical system of Nishida Kitaro (1876–1945), and the vestiges of State Shinto in postwar Japan. Despite the importance of Ichikawa’s writings, this volume is the first by any scholar to outline his critique. In addition to detailing the actions and ideology of Imperial-Way Zen and Ichikawa’s ripostes to them, Christopher Ives offers his own reflections on Buddhist ethics in light of the phenomenon. He devotes chapters to outlining Buddhist nationalism from the 1868 Meiji Restoration to 1945 and summarizing Ichikawa’s arguments about the causes of Imperial-Way Zen. After assessing Brian Victoria’s claim that Imperial-Way Zen was caused by the traditional connection between Zen and the samurai, Ives presents his own argument that Imperial-Way Zen can best be understood as a modern instance of Buddhism’s traditional role as protector of the realm. Turning to postwar Japan, Ives examines the extent to which Zen leaders have reflected on their wartime political stances and started to construct a critical Zen social ethic. Finally, he considers the resources Zen might offer its contemporary leaders as they pursue what they themselves have identified as a pressing task: ensuring that henceforth Zen will avoid becoming embroiled in international adventurism and instead dedicate itself to the promotion of peace and human rights. Lucid and balanced in its methodology and well grounded in textual analysis, Imperial-Way Zen will attract scholars, students, and others interested in Buddhism, ethics, Zen practice, and the cooptation of religion in the service of violence and imperialism.

Download or read book Japan and the League of Nations written by Thomas W. Burkman and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2007-12-03 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan joined the League of Nations in 1920 as a charter member and one of four permanent members of the League Council. Until conflict arose between Japan and the organization over the 1931 Manchurian Incident, the League was a centerpiece of Japan’s policy to maintain accommodation with the Western powers. The picture of Japan as a positive contributor to international comity, however, is not the conventional view of the country in the early and mid-twentieth century. Rather, this period is usually depicted in Japan and abroad as a history of incremental imperialism and intensifying militarism, culminating in war in China and the Pacific. Even the empire’s interface with the League of Nations is typically addressed only at nodes of confrontation: the 1919 debates over racial equality as the Covenant was drafted and the 1931–1933 League challenge to Japan’s seizure of northeast China. This volume fills in the space before, between, and after these nodes and gives the League relationship the legitimate place it deserves in Japanese international history of the 1920s and 1930s. It also argues that the Japanese cooperative international stance in the decades since the Pacific War bears noteworthy continuity with the mainstream international accommodationism of the League years. Thomas Burkman sheds new light on the meaning and content of internationalism in an era typically seen as a showcase for diplomatic autonomy and isolation. Well into the 1930s, the vestiges of international accommodationism among diplomats and intellectuals are clearly evident. The League project ushered those it affected into world citizenship and inspired them to build bridges across boundaries and cultures. Burkman’s cogent analysis of Japan’s international role is enhanced and enlivened by his descriptions of the personalities and initiatives of Makino Nobuaki, Ishii Kikujirô, Nitobe Inazô, Matsuoka Yôsuke, and others in their Geneva roles.

Download or read book Senate Joint Resolutions written by Ohio. General Assembly. Senate and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Before and After Superflat written by Adrian Favell and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a history of the Japanese art world from 1990 up to the tsunami of March 2011, and its struggle to find a voice amidst Japan's economic decline and China's economic ascent. It looks at how the pop-culture fantasies of Takashi Murakami, Yoshitomo Nara and the other artists of the Superflat movement came to dominate the art of Japan today. It also delves into what lies behind their imagery of a childish and decadent society unable to face reality.