Download or read book Yb Ion Trap Experimental Set up and Two dimensional Ion Trap Surface Array Design Towards Analogue Quantum Simulations written by James D. Siverns and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ions trapped in Paul traps provide a system which has been shown to exhibit most of the properties required to implement quantum information processing. In particular, a two-dimensional array of ions has been shown to be a candidate for the implementation of quantum simulations. Microfabricated surface geometries provide a widely used technology with which to create structures capable of trapping the required two-dimensional array of ions. To provide a system which can utilise the properties of trapped ions a greater understanding of the surface geometries which can trap ions in two-dimensional arrays would be advantageous, and allow quantum simulators to be fabricated and tested. In this thesis I will present the design, set-up and implementation of an experimental apparatus which can be used to trap ions in a variety of different traps. Particular focus will be put on the ability to apply radio-frequency voltages to these traps via helical resonators with high quality factors. A detailed design guide will be presented for the construction and operation of such a device at a desired resonant frequency whilst maximising the quality factor for a set of experimental constraints. Devices of this nature will provide greater filtering of noise on the rf voltages used to create the electric field which traps the ions which could lead to reduced heating in trapped ions. The ability to apply higher voltages with these devices could also provide deeper traps, longer ion lifetimes and more efficient cooling of trapped ions. In order to efficiently cool trapped ions certain transitions must be known to a required accuracy. In this thesis the 2S1/2 → 2P1/2 Doppler cooling and 2D3/2 → 2D[3/2]1/2 repumping transition wavelengths are presented with a greater accuracy then previous work. These transitions are given for the 170, 171, 172, 174 and 176 isotopes of Yb+. Two-dimensional arrays of ions trapped above a microfabricated surface geometry provide a technology which could enable quantum simulations to be performed allowing solutions to problems currently unobtainable with classical simulation. However, the spin-spin interactions used in the simulations between neighbouring ions are required to occur on a faster time-scale than any decoherence in the system. The time-scales of both the ion-ion interactions and decoherence are determined by the properties of the electric field formed by the surface geometry. This thesis will show how geometry variables can be used to optimise the ratio between the decoherence time and the interaction time whilst simultaneously maximising the homogeneity of the array properties. In particular, it will be shown how the edges of the geometry can be varied to provide the maximum homogeneity in the array and how the radii and separation of polygons comprising the surface geometry vary as a function of array size for optimised arrays. Estimates of the power dissipation in these geometries will be given based on a simple microfabrication.
Download or read book Ytterbium Ion Trapping and Microfabrication of Ion Trap Arrays written by Robin C. Sterling and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 15 years ion traps have demonstrated all the building blocks required of a quantum computer. Despite this success, trapping ions remains a challenging task, with the requirement for extensive laser systems and vacuum systems to perform operations on only a handful of qubits. To scale these proof of principle experiments into something that can outperform a classical computer requires an advancement in the trap technologies that will allow multiple trapping zones, junctions and utilize scalable fabrication technologies. I will discuss the construction of an ion trapping experiment, focussing on my work towards the laser stabilization and ion trap design but also covering the experimental setup as a whole. The vacuum system that I designed allows the mounting and testing of a variety of ion trap chips, with versatile optical access and a fast turn around time. I will also present the design and fabrication of a microfabricated Y junction and a 2- dimensional ion trap lattice. I achieve a suppression of barrier height and small variation of secular frequency through the Y junction, aiding to the junctions applicability to adiabatic shuttling operations. I also report the design and fabrication of a 2-D ion trap lattice. Such structures have been proposed as a means to implement quantum simulators and to my knowledge is the first microfabricated lattice trap. Electrical testing of the trap structures was undertaken to investigate the breakdown voltage of microfabricated structures with both static and radio frequency voltages. The results from these tests negate the concern over reduced rf voltage breakdown and in fact demonstrates breakdown voltages significantly above that typically required for ion trapping. This may allow ion traps to be designed to operate with higher voltages and greater ion-electrode separations, reducing anomalous heating. Lastly I present my work towards the implementation of magnetic fields gradients and microwaves on chip. This may allow coupling of the ions internal state to its motion using microwaves, thus reducing the requirements for the use of laser systems.
Download or read book 2D Arrays of Ion Traps for Quantum Information Processing written by Kumph Muir and published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG. This book was released on 2015-07-10 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum computation and simulation is an emerging disruptive technology. Only first suggested by visionaries in the 1980s, in the last 30 years, small quantum computers have become a reality. Using and manipulating the quantum states of trapped atomic ions, simple programs have been run, which if scaled-up, would already give their human users immense advantages in the fields of natural simulations, search and cryptography. Trapped atomic ions have provided the highest fidelity quantum computations and simulations to date. In order to scale-up the use of these systems, several two dimensional (2D) arrays of planar-electrode ion traps were designed, simulated, and tested. The 2D arrays presented here have electronic addressability built into them. By addressable, it is meant that the control of which ion in the trap array participates in any given operation is explicit. A method to address interactions between nearest neighbors in the 2D array using an adjustable radio-frequency voltage is demonstrated by loading calcium ions into the traps and manipulating them. The theory of operation, the design methodology and the method of fabrication of the ion trap arrays is also given.
Download or read book A Trapped Ion Quantum Simulator for Two dimensional Spin Systems written by Marissa Danielle D'Onofrio and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Universal, fault-tolerant quantum computing would require millions of physical qubits to practically implement most proposed algorithms, a target currently out of reach of experimental capability. In the near term, noisy systems on the order of tens of qubits can employ quantum simulation of particular Hamiltonians to surpass classical computational abilities and solve interesting problems. In particular, one-dimensional (1D) ion chains in radiofrequency (RF) traps have seen remarkable success in simulating 1D quantum spin systems. A comparable ability to manipulate two-dimensional (2D) ion crystals in RF traps would significantly expand the class of systems accessible to quantum simulation. Notably, 2D ion arrays are conducive to studies of many-body systems such as geometrically frustrated lattices, topological materials, and spin-liquid states.In this thesis, I present advances toward the goal of creating programmable, "radial-2D" arrays of trapped 171Yb+ ions for quantum simulation. Qubits are embedded within two hyperfine electronic energy levels, cooled to their motional ground state, and measured via spin-dependent fluorescence. A precisely controlled entangling mechanism allows for the creation of a wide variety of spin models, including Ising or Heisenberg interactions. We present an experimental study which establishes radial-2D crystals of 171Yb+ ions as a robust platform for quantum simulation, through characterization of ion positions, structural phases, normal mode frequencies, and effects from RF heating. We also design and experimentally demonstrate a new open-endcap, blade-style RF trap which can confine and resolve large numbers of ions in the radial-2D crystal phase. Finally, we examine other challenges faced by trapped ion systems: optimally cooling to the motional ground state, accurately determining ion temperature, and measuring susceptibility to the presence of ionizing radiation.
Download or read book Development and Implementation of an Yb Ion Trap Experiment Towards Coherent Manipulation and Entanglement written by James McLoughlin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trapped ions are currently one of the most promising architectures for realising the quantum information processor. The long lived internal states are ideal for representing qubit states and, through controlled interactions with electromagnetic radiation, ions can be manipulated to execute coherent logic operations. In this thesis an experiment capable of trapping Yb+ ions, including 171Yb+, is presented. Since ion energy can limit the coherence of qubit manipulations, characterisation of an ion trap heating rate is vital. Using a trapped 174Yb+ ion a heating rate consistent with previous measurements of other ion species in similar ion traps is obtained. This result shows abnormal heating of Yb+ does not occur, further solidifying the suitability of this species for quantum information processing. Efficient creation, and cooling of trapped ions requires exact wavelengths for the ionising, cooling and repump transitions. A simple technique to measure the 1S0 ↔ 1P1 transition wavelengths, required for isotope selective photoionisation of neutral Yb, is developed. Using the technique new wavelengths, accurate to 60 MHz, are obtained and differ from previously published results by 660 MHz. Through a simple modification the technique can also predict Doppler shifted transition frequencies, which may be required in non-perpendicular atom-laser interactions. Using trapped ions, the 2S1=2 ↔ 2P1/2 Doppler cooling and 2D3/2 ↔ 2D[3/2]1/2 repump transitions are also measured to a greater accuracy than previously reported. Many experiments require wavelengths which can only be obtained using complex expensive laser systems. To remedy this a simple cost effective laser is developed to enable laser diodes to be operated at sub zero temperatures, extending the range of obtainable wavelengths. Additional diode modulation capabilities allow for the manipulation of atoms and ions with hyperfine structures. The laser is shown to be suitable for manipulating Yb+ ions by cooling a diode from 372 nm to 369 nm and simultaneously generating 2.1 GHz frequency sidebands. Coherent manipulation such as arbitrary qubit rotations, motional coupling and ground state cooling, are required for trapped ion quantum computing. Two photon stimulated Raman transitions are identified as a suitable technique to implement all of these requirements and an investigation into implementing this technique with 171Yb+ is conducted. The possibility of exciting a Raman transition via either a dipole or quadrupole transitions in 171Yb+ is analysed, with dipole transitions preferred because quadrupole transitions are found to be too demanding experimentally. An inexpensive setup, utilising a dipole transition, is designed and tested. Although currently limited the setup shows potential to be an inexpensive, high fidelity method of exciting a Raman transition.
Download or read book MEMS based Arrays of Micro Ion Traps for Quantum Simulation Scaling written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this late-start Tier I Seniors Council sponsored LDRD, we have designed, simulated, microfabricated, packaged, and tested ion traps to extend the current quantum simulation capabilities of macro-ion traps to tens of ions in one and two dimensions in monolithically microfabricated micrometer-scaled MEMS-based ion traps. Such traps are being microfabricated and packaged at Sandia's MESA facility in a unique tungsten MEMS process that has already made arrays of millions of micron-sized cylindrical ion traps for mass spectroscopy applications. We define and discuss the motivation for quantum simulation using the trapping of ions, show the results of efforts in designing, simulating, and microfabricating W based MEMS ion traps at Sandia's MESA facility, and describe is some detail our development of a custom based ion trap chip packaging technology that enables the implementation of these devices in quantum physics experiments.
Download or read book Scalable Microchip Ion Traps for Quantum Computation written by Stephan Schulz and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2010-09-13 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of scalable microfabricated ion traps with multiple segments for the realization of quantum computing is a challenging task in quantum information science. The research on the design, development, fabrication, and operation of the first European micro-trap is shown in this thesis. This chip-based micro-trap is an outstanding candidate towards experiments for a future quantum processor with trapped single ions. In the experiments coherent quantum state manipulation is demonstrated, and sideband cooling to the motional ground state is realized. The heating rate is determined and the applicability for quantum computation is proven. Furthermore planar trap designs are investigated - a planar microparticle trap was built and operated. A linear microfabricated planar trap was operated, showing the proof of concept of a novel designed and fabricated Y-shaped planar trap.
Download or read book Surface electrode Ion Traps for Scalable Quantum Computing written by David T. C. Allcock and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major challenges in trapped-ion quantum computation are to scale up few-ion experiments to many qubits and to improve control techniques so that quantum logic gates can be carried out with higher fidelities. This thesis reports experimental progress in both of these areas. In the early part of the thesis we describe the fabrication of a surface-electrode ion trap, the development of the apparatus and techniques required to operate it and the successful trapping of 40Ca+ ions. Notably we developed methods to control the orientation of the principal axes and to minimise ion micromotion. We propose a repumping scheme that simplifies heating rate measurements for ions with low-lying D levels, and use it to characterise the electric field noise in the trap. Surface-electrode traps are important because they offer a route to dense integration of electronic and optical control elements using existing microfabrication technology. We explore this scaling route by testing a series of three traps that were microfabricated at Sandia National Laboratories. Investigations of micromotion and charging of the surface by laser beams were carried out and improvements to future traps are suggested. Using one of these traps we also investigated anomalous electrical noise from the electrode surfaces and discovered that it can be reduced by cleaning with a pulsed laser. A factor of two de- crease was observed; this represents the first in situ removal of this noise source, an important step towards higher gate fidelities. In the second half of the thesis we describe the design and construction of an experiment for the purpose of replacing laser-driven multi-qubit quantum logic gates with microwave-driven ones. We investigate magnetic-field-independent hyperfine qubits in 43Ca+ as suitable qubits for this scheme. We make a design study of how best to integrate an ion trap with the microwave conductors required to implement the gate and propose a novel integrated resonant structure. The trap was fabricated and ions were successfully loaded. Single-qubit experiments show that the microwave fields above the trap are in excellent agreement with software simulations. There are good prospects for demonstrating a multiqubit gate in the near future. We conclude by discussing the possibilities for larger-scale quantum computation by combining microfabricated traps and microwave control.
Download or read book Charged Particle Traps II written by Günther Werth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second volume of the Charged Particle Traps deals with the rapidly expanding body of research exploiting the electromagnetic con?nement of ions, whose principles and techniques were the subject of volume I. These applications include revolutionary advances in diverse ?elds, ranging from such practical ?elds as mass spectrometry, to the establishment of an ult- stable standard of frequency and the emergent ?eld of quantum computing made possible by the observation of the quantum behavior of laser-cooled con?nedions. Bothexperimentalandtheoreticalactivity intheseapplications has proliferated widely, and the number of diverse articles in the literature on its many facets has reached the point where it is useful to distill and organize the published work in a uni?ed volume that de?nes the current status of the ?eld. As explained in volume I, the technique of con?ning charged particles in suitable electromagnetic ?elds was initially conceived by W. Paul as a thr- dimensional version of his rf quadrupole mass ?lter. Its ?rst application to rf spectroscopy on atomic ions was completed in H. G. Dehmelt’s laboratory where notable work was later done on the free electron using the Penning trap. The further exploitation of these devices has followed more or less - dependently along the two initial broad areas: mass spectrometry and high resolution spectroscopy. In volume I a detailed account is given of the theory of operation and experimental techniques of the various forms of Paul and Penning ion traps.
Download or read book Design and Construction of an Ion Trapping Apparatus for Quantum Simulation Experiments written by Nikhil Kotibhaskar and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The trapped ions platform represents an excellent framework for Quantum information science experiments. Long coherence times, extremely high state initialization and detection fidelity, inherent full-connectivity between qubits are some features that make trapped ions the ideal qubits. It is the same features that make this platform extremely suitable for quantum simulation of various physical phenomenon, particularly quantum spin models. In this thesis, I present the design and construction of an ion trapping apparatus for quantum simulation experiments. This apparatus is operational and is used for the trapping of ionized Yb atoms. The 6 electrodes of the trap, two of which are needle electrodes, are made out of tungsten. I discuss the unique technique we use to make tungsten needle electrodes. The design, construction, and testing of the Yb source, used to produce a thermal beam of Yb atoms, is also discussed. The apparatus discussed above needs to be housed inside an ultra-high vacuum environment to keep the ions free from background collisions. I have discussed the design and construction of the vacuum system. In the end, I have provided a brief overview of the system in the lab and presented results in the form of pictures of single and multiple trapped ions.
Download or read book Monolithic Microfabricated Ion Trap for Quantum Information Processing written by Fayaz A. Shaikh and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research is to design, fabricate, and demonstrate a microfabricated monolithic ion trap for applications in quantum computation and quantum simulation. Most current microfabricated ion trap designs are based on planar-segmented surface electrodes. Although promising scalability to trap arrays containing ten to one hundred ions, these planar designs suffer from the challenges of shallow trap depths, radial asymmetry of the confining potential, and electrode charging resulting from laser interactions with dielectric surfaces. In this research, the design, fabrication, and testing of a monolithic and symmetric two-level ion trap is presented. This ion trap overcomes the challenges of surface-electrode ion traps. Numerical electrostatic simulations show that this symmetric trap produces a deep (1 eV for 171Yb+ ion), radially symmetric RF confinement potential. The trap has an angled through-chip slot that allows back-side ion loading and generous through laser access, while avoiding surface-light scattering and dielectric charging that can corrupt the design control electrode compensating potentials. The geometry of the trap and its dimensions are optimized for trapping long and linear ion chains with equal spacing for use with quantum simulation problems and quantum computation architectures.
Download or read book Trapping Highly Charged Ions written by John Gillaspy and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2001 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides and elementary introduction to the field of trapping highly charged ions. The first group of chapters is intended to describe the various sorts of highly charged ion traps: EBIT, EBIS, ECR, Storage Rings and various speciality traps. The authors focus on their own ion trap facilities in order to teach by example. The chapters range in scope from comprehensive reviews to brief introductions. The second group of chapters is intended to give a flavour of the various sorts of scientific research which are presently being carried out with traps for highly charged ions. These chapters not only inform, but also stimulate newcomers to think up fresh ideas. The articles in this second group generally fall into one of three broad categories: atomic structure experiments, ion-surface interactions and precision mass spectrometry. The third group of chapters is intended to deal with theory and spectroscopic analysis. It provides some of the background material necessary to make sense of observed phenomenology, to allow detailed explanation of experimental data, and to sensibly plan further experimentation. An appendix provides a complete keyword-annotated bibliography of pa
Download or read book Ion Traps for Tomorrow s Applications written by M. Knoop and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion trapping was first accomplished in Europe more than 50 years ago. Since then, research and development have increased steadily, and the last decades have seen a remarkable growth in applications, mainly due to the improvement of laser-based techniques for spectroscopy, cooling and the manipulation of ions. Nowadays ion trapping plays a crucial role in a wide range of disciplines, including atomic and plasma physics, chemistry, high precision measurement, high energy physics and the emerging field of quantum technologies. This book presents lectures and reports from the Enrico Fermi School ‘Ion Traps for Tomorrow's Applications’, held in Varenna, Italy, in July 2013. Reflecting the aim of the school to exploit diversity and stimulate cross fertilization, the selected topics and highlights in this book partly review the wide range of subjects discussed during the course, while providing an overview of this topical domain. As well as providing a useful reference guide, the book will be a source of inspiration for all those planning to work on ion trapping in the future.
Download or read book Quantum Computing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-27 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum mechanics, the subfield of physics that describes the behavior of very small (quantum) particles, provides the basis for a new paradigm of computing. First proposed in the 1980s as a way to improve computational modeling of quantum systems, the field of quantum computing has recently garnered significant attention due to progress in building small-scale devices. However, significant technical advances will be required before a large-scale, practical quantum computer can be achieved. Quantum Computing: Progress and Prospects provides an introduction to the field, including the unique characteristics and constraints of the technology, and assesses the feasibility and implications of creating a functional quantum computer capable of addressing real-world problems. This report considers hardware and software requirements, quantum algorithms, drivers of advances in quantum computing and quantum devices, benchmarks associated with relevant use cases, the time and resources required, and how to assess the probability of success.
Download or read book Surface Trap for Ytterbium Ions written by Jonathan Alan Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We conducted an experiment to load a shallow planar ion trap from a cold atom source of Ytterbium using photoionization. The surface trap consisted of a three-rod radio frequency Paul trap fabricated using standard printed circuit board techniques. The cold atom source was an isotope-selective magneto-optical trap of naturally-occurring Yb isotopes. The confining beams were provided by commercially-available ultra-violet diode lasers locked to an atomic reference using the Dichroic Atomic Vapor Laser Lock technique. We used photoionization from the Yb magneto-optical trap located within the region of the ion trapping potential.
Download or read book Addressing Single Yb 1hn Ions written by Alexander Braun and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2007 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optimizing Ion shuttling Operations in Trapped ion Quantum Computers written by Luke Qi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trapped ions are a promising candidate for quantum computation. As experiments with ions increase in size and complexity, a trap array-based architecture for an ion trap with many independent zones provides a path towards large-scale integration. A crucial element in the operation of a trap array is the ability to split, move and recombine chains of ions on diabatic timescales and without incurring excessive decoherence of information stored in ion qubits. In this thesis, I investigate whether ion transport and splitting can be realistically integrated in the future quantum processor and what the requirements are to achieve this. I discuss my end-to-end numerical simulation pipeline of the ion shuttling process. Using these simulation tools, I investigate the leading theories for ion transport and splitting, based on Shortcuts-to-Adiabaticity principles, and extend these methods into two central criteria for optimal ion shuttling. I present a novel method for optimizing the voltage controls to achieve optimal ion shuttling, that use accurate models of the digital-to-analog converters, amplifiers, and low-pass filters of our ion trapping system. I demonstrate fast and robust transport of 40Ca on our custom-designed surface electrode trap and share spectroscopy data taken during the first ever attempt at optimal splitting. I then outline the necessary steps to achieve fast splitting with less than 1 quanta of excitation. It is my hope that the theories, software, and experimental results presented in this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of optimal ion transport and splitting in state-of-the-art, scalabale surface traps and become a standard for future ion shuttling experiments.
