Download or read book X ray Nanochemistry written by Ting Guo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-01 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the latest developments in the new research discipline of X-ray nanochemistry, which uses nanomaterials to enhance the effectiveness of X-ray irradiation. Nanomaterials now can be synthesized in such a way as to meet the demand for complex functions that enhance the X-ray effect. Innovative methods of delivering the X-rays, which can interact with those nanomaterials much more strongly than energetic electrons and gamma rays, also create new opportunities to enhance the X-ray effect. As a result, new concepts are conceived and new developments are made in the last decade, which are discussed and summarized in this book. This book will help define the discipline and encourage more students and scientists to work in this discipline. These efforts will eventually lead to formation of a full set of physical, chemical and materials principles for this new research field.
Download or read book X ray and Neutron Techniques for Nanomaterials Characterization written by Challa S.S.R. Kumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-13 with total page 835 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifth volume of a 40 volume series on nanoscience and nanotechnology, edited by the renowned scientist Challa S.S.R. Kumar. This handbook gives a comprehensive overview about X-ray and Neutron Techniques for Nanomaterials Characterization. Modern applications and state-of-the-art techniques are covered and make this volume an essential reading for research scientists in academia and industry.
Download or read book Harvesting Enhancements from Nanomaterials Through the Development of X ray Nanochemistry written by Jennifer Lien and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first chapter of this thesis deals with the introduction of X-ray nanochemistry, a topic or area of study which has been formally created during my Ph. D. tenure. The principles and systems discussed are illustrated by example in Chapters 2 through 4. The second chapter describes early stage work on X-ray driven photocatalysis which is being developed to learn whether and how energy flow controls X-ray catalysis of CO2 reduction. X-ray irradiation results with 2 wt% Cu-TiO2 (the catalyst giving highest methanol yields in photocatalysis) yielded the formate intermediate CHO at a conversion efficiency of less than 0.01%. Photocatalysis efficiencies are very low due to a lack of mechanistic understanding and subsequent optimization, although this result shows that it is possible to use X-rays in combination with nanomaterials to control the flow of energy. A nanosystem comprised of a fluorophore, 6-FAM-DNA, covalently conjugated to 15 nm silica coated onto 90 nm gold nanoparticles was successfully made. Under 21 Gy of 100 keV X-ray irradiation at a dose rate of 1.05 Gy/min, 0.75 wt% gold in water produced a local physical enhancement of hydroxyl radicals of 2.60 ± 0.12 DEU. This is roughly in agreement with the simulated enhancement of 4.33 DEU. Employing the local enhancement result from X-ray nanochemistry in X-ray catalysis can improve the yield of CO2 reduction. The third chapter details a mechanistic study of complex multiple step reactions. Often one or more steps in complex reactions can be catalyzed when gold nanoparticles or other catalysts are present, and the goal of the chapter is to identify which step is catalyzed. A general triple-jump (TJ) reaction model for complex reactions is developed through the study of radical trapping reactions such as hydroxylation reactions and catalysts are dialyzed sub-five nm gold nanoparticles. Three main steps are recognized, each of which can be catalyzed: first is production hydroxyl radicals, second is trapping, and third is conversion to the final product. Through electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detection, the first step was found to be mildly reduced due to scavenging of hydroxyl radicals by gold nanoparticles. The second step of spin trapping is nearly unchanged. The third step is a radical conversion reaction, which is highly catalyzed. All three steps combined create an overall catalytic reaction, even though the first and second steps are nearly non-catalytic. The TJ model for radical reactions can be used to explain results observed in a commonly used dosimetric reaction to detect hydroxyl radicals. The forth chapter presents a unique material called Agu (thin silver layers coated onto gold) with a sensitive surface plasmon resonance response between 0.5 and 2 nm silver thickness that can detect down to a 0.3 angstrom, or a sub-monolayer change in silver thickness. Agu is used as a sensor for X-ray irradiation etching. The fifth chapter discusses a nanotechnology as it relates to plant genetics and points to the potential use of X-rays for targeted delivery of genetic material via nanomaterials such as quantum dots which connects plant nanotechnology to X-ray nanochemistry. Two generations of microneedle arrays with nanoscale features are fabricated using a state-of-the-art focused ion beam technology. Nanoscale features are created to house higher payloads of editing material or nanomaterials. Quantum dots delivered by the microneedle arrays have been successfully employed as a location reporter in lettuce cells. Particle bombardment is also explored as a comparison, but this traditional method along with single microneedle injectors do not have the precision or spatial resolution and delivery capacity of these novel microneedle delivery arrays. Finally, the sixth chapter offers concluding remarks connecting the materials, technologies, and principles discussed in this thesis to point towards potential overlap in various subfields of catalysis, sensors, plant biology and X-ray nanochemistry.
Download or read book X Rays in Nanoscience written by Jinghua Guo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-12-06 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An up-to-date overview of the different x-ray based methods in the hot fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology, including methods for imaging nanomaterials, as well as for probing the electronic structure of nanostructured materials in order to investigate their different properties. Written by authors at one of the world's top facilities working with these methods, this monograph presents and discusses techniques and applications in the fields of x-ray scattering, spectroscopy and microscope imaging. The resulting systematic collection of these advanced tools will benefit graduate students, postdocs as well as professional researchers.
Download or read book Novel Approaches for Cancer Therapy written by Zane Barak Starkewolfe and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work explores the interaction of X-rays with nanomaterials and examines applications of this interaction for the treatment of cancer. The absorption of X-rays by nanomaterials and the mechanism by which these structures induce the production of radicals is studied. Using nanoparticles of various materials and sizes, we elucidate a mechanism of the interactions between the nanoparticles and the X-ray radiation-generated radical species. We measured the enhanced generation of radicals by nanomaterials irradiated with X-ray-radiation and termed this Nanoparticle Enhanced X-ray Therapy (NEXT). Using this approach we measure an increase in cell death employing various sizes and types of nanoparticles under X-ray radiation. While the enhancement of this cell death has a promising application potential for cancer therapy, the overall benefit will be determined by the overall X-ray absorption and the number of generated radical species. Utilizing the mechanism for radical generation by nanomaterials under X-ray radiation, we devised a novel approach for X-ray Enabled Nanochemistry (XEN) that allows for chemical reactions to take place only on the surface of nanomaterials. These location specific reactions are induced and enhanced by X-ray radiation. Using an approach called X-ray Triggered Chemotherapy (XTC), cancer drug molecules were attached to the oligonucleotide strands bound to the surface of gold nanoparticles and the applications of these nanoparticle drug carriers is explored for the treatment of cancer. In breast cancer cells, we observed an increase in cancer cell death using the XTC approach as compared with the use of either X-ray radiation or chemotherapy alone. We find that nanomaterials can enhance the efficacy of X-rays in cancer treatment and that nanomaterials under X-ray radiation can be used for the remote activation of otherwise dormant cancer drugs at the tumor site.
Download or read book Atomically Precise Nanochemistry written by Rongchao Jin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-06-12 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore recent progress and developments in atomically precise nanochemistry Chemists have long been motivated to create atomically precise nanoclusters, not only for addressing some fundamental issues that were not possible to tackle with imprecise nanoparticles, but also to provide new opportunities for applications such as catalysis, optics, and biomedicine. In Atomically Precise Nanochemistry, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a state-of-the-art reference for researchers and industry professionals working in the fields of nanoscience and cluster science, in disciplines ranging from chemistry to physics, biology, materials science, and engineering. A variety of different nanoclusters are covered, including metal nanoclusters, semiconductor nanoclusters, metal-oxo systems, large-sized organometallic nano-architectures, carbon clusters, and supramolecular architectures. The book contains not only experimental contributions, but also theoretical insights into the atomic and electronic structures, as well as the catalytic mechanisms. The authors explore synthesis, structure, geometry, bonding, and applications of each type of nanocluster. Perfect for researchers working in nanoscience, nanotechnology, and materials chemistry, Atomically Precise Nanochemistry will also benefit industry professionals in these sectors seeking a practical and up-to-date resource.
Download or read book Advanced Characterization Of Nanostructured Materials Probing The Structure And Dynamics With Synchrotron X rays And Neutrons written by Sunil K Sinha and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Characterization of Nanostructured Materials — Probing the Structure and Dynamics with Synchrotron X-Rays and Neutrons is a collection of chapters which review the characterization of the structure and internal dynamics of a wide variety of nanostructured materials using various synchrotron X-ray and neutron scattering techniques. It is intended for graduate students and researchers who might be interested in learning about and applying these methods. The authors are well-known practitioners in their fields of research who provide detailed and authoritative accounts of how these techniques have been applied to study systems ranging from thin films and monolayers on solid surfaces and at liquid-air, liquid-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces; nanostructured composite materials; battery materials, and catalytic materials. While there have been a great many books published on nanoscience, there are relatively few that have discussed in one volume detailed synchrotron X-ray and neutron methods for advanced characterization of nanomaterials in thin films, composite materials, catalytic and battery materials and at interfaces. This book should provide an incentive and a reference for researchers in nanomaterials for using these techniques as a powerful way to characterize their samples. It should also help to popularize the use of synchrotron and neutron facilities by the nanoscience community.
Download or read book Analytical Nanochemistry written by Abbas Afkhami and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-05-10 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical Nanochemistry provides readers with a comprehensive review of the application of nanomaterial in analytical chemistry. It explains the fundamental concepts involved in utilizing nanomaterials including their classification, synthesis, functionalization, characterization methods, separation, and isolation techniques, as well as toxicity. It also covers fundamental information on different aspects of analytical procedures and method development. Furthermore, it emphasizes micro- and nano-enabled analytical devices and instruments as well as nanotools for nanoanalysis. The book opens with a section on fundamentals (Section 1), then continues with a section on the role of nanomaterials in analytical procedures (Section 2), including sample preparation, separation, and detection. The third section (Section 3) includes chapters on micro- and nano-enabled devices, as most miniaturized microsystems include nanofeatures. The book concludes with a fourth section (Section 4) on future perspectives, covering nanoanalysis, bioanalysis, toxic risks, and limitations of both technology and commercialization. This book serves as a valuable resource for students, instructors, and researchers in analytical chemistry, nanomaterials, and nanotechnology investigating the use of nanotechnology in their analytical procedures. - Covers the synthesis methods, functionalization process, and characterization methods of nanomaterials - Uses numerous visual elements to illustrate key points, including flowcharts, process diagrams, photographs, and visual schemes - Presents fundamental concepts and updated hot topics such as miniaturization in analytical chemistry, nanotools for nano-analysis, micro total analysis systems, and lab-on-a-chip
Download or read book Nanochemistry written by Xuan Wang and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-11-21 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The modernization of science and technology using nanomaterials will open a new paradigm to meet the increasing energy demand. This book provides an in-depth understanding of theoretical perspectives from molecular and atomic levels. The modern analytical techniques explored provide an understanding of the interactions of particles at interfaces. This book gives a holistic view of materials synthesis, analysis, application, and safe handling.
Download or read book Nanochemistry written by Anna Klinkova and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-08-04 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanochemistry: Chemistry of Nanoparticle Formation and Interactions provides an overview of the chemistry aspects of nanoparticle science, including nanoparticle synthesis, chemical properties, stability, applications and self-assembly behavior. The critical concepts discussed in this book represent the necessary toolbox for enabling the rational design of nanoparticle-based materials for target applications. After an introduction to standard analytical techniques used for nanoparticle characterization, four separate chapters cover inorganic, organic, polymer nanoparticles, and carbon nanostructures to highlight the synthetic protocols, structural intricacies, and chemical properties specific to each of these material classes. Finally, physicochemical phenomena governing self-assembly behavior of nanoparticles are also discussed in detail separately. This book is intended for senior undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students and research scientists in nanoscience and nanotechnology, material science, chemistry, physics, biomedical sciences and relevant engineering fields that want to develop a deeper understanding of the governing chemical principles on the nanoscale. - Provides an up-to-date text reflecting the latest changes in the field, acting as a fully restructured successor text to Nanochemistry, 2nd Edition (Elsevier, 2013) by Klabunde and Sergeev - Leads the reader through the fundamental concepts and illustrative examples of inorganic, organic, and polymer nanoparticle formation, discussing, in detail, the aspects of synthetic geometry control, surface chemistry, and nanoparticle stability - Provides in-depth coverage of nanoparticle self-assembly behavior, including the self-assembly driving forces and approaches to control this process through nanoparticle design and environmental cues
Download or read book Nanochemistry written by Geoffrey A Ozin and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-01-17 with total page 875 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International interest in nanoscience research has flourished in recent years, as it becomes an integral part in the development of future technologies. The diverse, interdisciplinary nature of nanoscience means effective communication between disciplines is pivotal in the successful utilization of the science. Nanochemistry: A Chemical Approach to Nanomaterials is the first textbook for teaching nanochemistry and adopts an interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach to the subject. It presents a basic chemical strategy for making nanomaterials and describes some of the principles of materials self-assembly over 'all' scales. It demonstrates how nanometre and micrometre scale building blocks (with a wide range of shapes, compositions and surface functionalities) can be coerced through chemistry to organize spontaneously into unprecedented structures, which can serve as tailored functional materials. Suggestions of new ways to tackle research problems and speculations on how to think about assembling the future of nanotechnology are given. Primarily designed for teaching, this book will appeal to graduate and advanced undergraduate students. It is well illustrated with graphical representations of the structure and form of nanomaterials and contains problem sets as well as other pedagogical features such as further reading, case studies and a comprehensive bibliography.
Download or read book Nanobeam X Ray Scattering written by Julian Stangl and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-09-10 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the possibilities and potential of X-ray scattering using nanofocused beams for probing matter at the nanoscale, including guidance on the design of nanobeam experiments. The monograph discusses various sources, including free electron lasers, synchrotron radiation and other portable and non-portable X-ray sources. For scientists using synchrotron radiation or students and scientists with a background in X-ray scattering methods in general.
Download or read book In Situ X ray based Imaging of Nano Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study functional nanomaterials that are heterogeneous and understanding their behavior during synthesis and operation requires high resolution diagnostic imaging tools that can be used in situ. Over the past decade, huge progress has been made in the development of X-ray based imaging, including full field and scanning microscopy and their analogs in coherent diffractive imaging. Currently, spatial resolution of about 10 nm and time resolution of sub-seconds are achievable. For catalysis, X-ray imaging allows tracking of particle chemistry under reaction conditions. In energy storage, in situ X-ray imaging of electrode particles is providing important insight into degradation processes. Recently, both spatial and temporal resolutions are improving to a few nm and milliseconds and these developments will open up unprecedented opportunities.
Download or read book Harnessing Materials for X ray Based Cancer Therapy and Imaging written by Surender Kumar Sharma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-31 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the efficacy of nanomaterial-based X-rays enhancers against cancer therapy and imaging in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Also, synthesis, mechanism, and the related biological effects are given. Moreover, nanoparticle-based contrast agents to enhance the image quality are compiled. Finally, special nanoparticle-based contrast agents to enhance the contrast for targeted cancer therapy are covered and discussed.
Download or read book Nanotechnology for Biomedical Imaging and Diagnostics written by Mikhail Y. Berezin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-02 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology for Biomedical Imaging and Diagnostics: From Nanoparticle Design to Clinical Applications reflects upon the increasing role of nanomaterials in biological and medical imaging, presenting a thorough description of current research as well as future directions. With contributions from experts in nanotechnology and imaging from academia, industry, and healthcare, this book provides a comprehensive coverage of the field, ranging from the architectural design of nanomaterials to their broad imaging applications in medicine. Grouped into three sections, the book: Elucidates all major aspects of nanotechnology and bioimaging Provides comprehensive coverage of the field, ranging from the architectural design of nanomaterials to their broad imaging applications in medicine Written by well-recognized experts in academia, industry, and healthcare, will be an excellence source of reference With a multidisciplinary approach and a balance of research and diagnostic topics, this book will appeal to students, scientiests, and healthcare professionals alike
Download or read book Scanning X ray nano diffraction on eukaryotic cells written by Britta Weinhausen and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-rays provide an ideal probe for studying structures at the nano-scale and are routinely employed for investigating the structure and the composition of biological systems, making use of the variety of different techniques. By raster scanning the sample with a small beam, structural information obtained from individual scattering patterns in reciprocal space can be combined with positional information in real space. In this work, scanning X-ray diffraction using a nano-focused beam was applied to samples of biological cells in order to probe the structure of cytoskeletal bundles and networks of keratin intermediate filaments. Cellular samples were prepared using different methods, starting from well-established freeze-dried samples and going on to fixed-hydrated and finally living cells. In this context, the development of X-ray compatible microfluidic devices allowing for measurements on living cellular samples was an important aspect. Comparing the scattering signal from freeze-dried, fixed-hydrated and living cells, differences between the sample types at length scales of several tens of nanometers were determined. The successful application to hydrated and living cells further demonstrates the potential for structural analysis at hardly accessible length scales in native samples. Published: 2014
Download or read book Nanomaterials and Nanochemistry written by C. Bréchignac and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is a brilliant book that covers the major aspects of nanomaterials production. It integrates the many and varied chemical, material and thermo-dynamical facets of production, offering readers a new and unique approach to the subject. The mechanical, optical, and magnetic characteristics of nanomaterials are also presented in detail. Nanomaterials are a fast developing field of research and this book serves as both a reference work for researchers and a textbook for graduate students.
