Download or read book X Ray Diffraction Study of Nematic Smectic A and C Liquid Crystals written by B. I. Ostrovskii and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews recent studies of X-ray scattering phenomena in liquid crystals, in particular their relationship to phase-transition physics. Also explored are the main approximations which are used to obtain structural information from the scattering spectre of liquid crystals and to determine the short-range order in the molecule arrangement.
Download or read book Optical and Resonant X ray Studies of Chiral Smectic C Liquid Crystals Structures and Transitions written by Zengqiang Liu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Liquid Crystals High Molecular Weight Liquid Crystals written by Dietrich Demus and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 1998-04-15 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Liquid Crystals is a unique compendium of knowledge on all aspects of liquid crystals. In over 2000 pages the Handbook provides detailed information on the basic principles of both low- and high-molecular weight materials, as well as the synthesis, characterization, modification, and applications (such as in computer displays or as structural materials) of all types of liquid crystals. The five editors of the Handbook are internationally renowned experts from both industry and academia and have drawn together over 70 leading figures in the field as authors. The three volumes of the Handbook are designed both to be used together or as stand-alone reference sources. Some users will require the whole set, others will be best served with one or two of the volumes. Volume 1 deals with the basic physical and chemical principles of liquid crystals, including structure-property relationships, nomenclature, phase behavior, characterization methods, and general synthesis and application strategies. As such this volume provides an excellent introduction to the field and a powerful learning and teaching tool for graduate students and above. Volume 2 concentrates on low-molecular weight materials, for example those typically used in display technology. A high quality survey of the literature is provided along with full details of molecular design strategies, phase characterization and control, and applications development. This volume is therefore by far the most detailed reference source on these industrially very important materials, ideally suited for professionals in the field. Volume 3 concentrates on high-molecular weight, or polymeric, liquid crystals, some of which are found in structural applications and others occur as natural products of living systems. A high-quality literature survey is complemented by full detail of the synthesis, processing, analysis, and applications of all important materials classes. This volume is the most comprehensive reference source on these materials, and is therefore ideally suited for professionals in the field.
Download or read book High resolution X ray Diffraction Studies of the Nematic to Smectic A Phase Transition and the Frustrated Smectic A Phases written by Li Chen and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Physics of Liquid Crystals written by P. G. de Gennes and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of the classic text incorporates the many advances in knowledge about liquid crystals that have taken place since its initial publication in 1974. Entirely new chapters describe the types and properties of liquid crystals in terms of both recently discovered phases and current insight into the nature of local order and isotropic-to-nematic transition. There is an extensive discussion of the symmetrical, macroscopic, dynamic, and defective properties of smectics and columnar phases, with emphasis on order-of-magnitude considerations, all illustrated with numerous descriptions of experimental arrangements. The final chapter is devoted to phase transitions in smectics, including the celebrated analogy between smectic A and superconductors. This new version's topicality and breadth of coverage will ensure that it remains an indispensable guide for researchers and graduate students in mechanics and engineering, and in chemical, solid state, and statistical physics.
Download or read book Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystals written by Lev M. Blinov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-26 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book by Lev M. Blinov is ideal to guide researchers from their very first encounter with liquid crystals to the level where they can perform independent experiments on liquid crystals with a thorough understanding of their behaviour also in relation to the theoretical framework. Liquid crystals can be found everywhere around us. They are used in virtually every display device, whether it is for domestic appliances of for specialized technological instruments. Their finely tunable optical properties make them suitable also for thermo-sensing and laser technologies. There are many monographs written by prominent scholars on the subject of liquid crystals. The majority of them presents the subject in great depth, sometimes focusing on a particular research aspect, and in general they require a significant level of prior knowledge. In contrast, this books aims at an audience of advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics, chemistry and materials science. The book consists of three parts: the first part, on structure, starts from the fundamental principles underlying the structure of liquid crystals, their rich phase behaviour and the methods used to study them; the second part, on physical properties, emphasizes the influence of anisotropy on all aspects of liquid crystals behaviour; the third, focuses on electro-optics, the most important properties from the applications standpoint. This part covers only the main effects and illustrates the underlying principles in greater detail. Professor Lev M. Blinov has had a long carrier as an experimentalist. He made major contributions in the field of ferroelectric mesophases. In 1985 he received the USSR state prize for investigations of electro-optical effects in liquid crystals for spatial light modulators. In 1999 he was awarded the Frederiks medal of the Soviet Liquid Crystal Society and in 2000 he was honoured with the G. Gray silver medal of the British Liquid Crystal Society. He has held many visiting academic positions in universities and laboratories across Europe and in Japan.
Download or read book A theoretical study of the nematic smectic C liquid crystal phase transition written by Pilla Ackley Leitner and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical and Resonant X ray Diffraction Investigations of Molecular Ordering in Chiral Smectic Liquid Crystals written by Andrew Nickolas Cady and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Smectic Liquid Crystals written by G. W. Gray and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Smectic and Columnar Liquid Crystals written by Patrick Oswald and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-12-09 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid crystals allow us to perform experiments that provide insight into fundamental problems of modern physics, such as phase transitions, frustration, elasticity, hydrodynamics, defects, growth phenomena, and optics. Smectic and Columnar Liquid Crystals: Concepts and Physical Properties Illustrated by Experiments is a result of personal research and of the graduate lectures given by the authors at the École Normale Supérieure de Lyon and the University of Paris VII, respectively. The book examines lamellar (smectic) and columnar liquid crystals, which, in addition to orientational order, possess 1D, 2D or 3D positional order. This volume illustrates original physical concepts using methodically numerous experiments, theoretical developments, and diagrams. Topics include rheology and plasticity, ferroelectricity, analogies with superconductors, hexatic order and 2D-melting, equilibrium shapes, facetting, and the Mullins-Sekerka instability, as well as phase transitions in free films and membrane vibrations. Nematic and cholesteric liquid crystals are covered by the authors in a separate volume entitled Nematic and Cholesteric Liquid Crystals: Concepts and Physical Properties Illustrated by Experiments. Smectic and Columnar Liquid Crystals is an ideal introduction and a valuable source of reference for theoretical and experimental studies of advanced students and researchers in liquid crystals, condensed matter physics, and materials science.
Download or read book Smectic A Order at the Surface of a Nematic Liquid Crystal written by J. Als- Nielsen and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Liquid Crystals written by Satyen Kumar and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2001 book provides hands-on details of several important techniques for the study of liquid crystals.
Download or read book NMR Studies of Liquid Crystals and Molecules Dissolved in Liquid Crystal Solvents written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis describes several studies in which nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy has been used to probe the structure, orientation and dynamics of liquid crystal mesogens and molecules dissolved in liquid crystalline phases. In addition, a modern high field nmr spectrometer is described which has been used to perform such nmr studies. Chapter 1 introduces the quantum mechanical formalisms used throughout this thesis and briefly reviews the fundamentals of nuclear spin physics and pulsed nmr spectroscopy. First the density operator is described and a specific form for the canonical ensemble is derived. Then Clebsch-Gordon coefficients, Wigner rotation matrices, and irreducible tensor operators are reviewed. An expression for the equilibrium (Curie) magnetization is obtained and the linear response of a spin system to a strong pulsed r.f. irradiation is described. Finally, the spin interaction Hamiltonians relevant to this work are reviewed together with their truncated forms. Chapter 2 is a deuterium magnetic resonance study of two 'nom' liquid crystals which possess several low temperature mesomorphic phases. Specifically, deuterium quadrupolar echo spectroscopy is used to determine the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in smectic phases, the changes in molecular orientation and motion that occur at smectic-smectic phase transitions, and the order of the phase transitions. For both compounds, the phase sequence is determined to be isotropic, nematic, smectic A, smectic C, smectic B{sub A}, smectic B{sub C}, and crystalline. The structure of the smectic A phase is found to be consistent with the well-known model of a two dimensional liquid in which molecules are rapidly rotating about their long axes and oriented at right angles to the plane of the layers. Molecules in the smectic C phase are found to have their long axes tilted with respect to the layer normal, and the tilt angle is temperature dependent, increasing from zero at the smectic A - smectic C transition and reaching a maximum at 9{sup o} at the smectic C - smectic B{sub A} transition. This finding contradicts the results of X-ray diffraction studies which indicate that the tilt angle is 18{sup o} and temperature independent. The smectic B{sub A} - smectic B{sub C} phase transition is observed for the first time, and is found to be first order, a result that contradicts the prediction of a mean theory by McMillian. Chapter 3 is a multiple quantum nmr study of n-hexane oriented in a nematic liquid crystal solvent. The basic three pulse multiple quantum experiment is discussed which enables the observation of transitions for which.
Download or read book Liquid Crystals Materials and Devices Volume 559 written by Timothy J. Bunning and published by . This book was released on 1999-08-11 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid crystal (LC) materials and devices play a central role in numerous established and emerging technologies. This book focuses on several large areas of research including polymer-dispersed liquid crystal technology and twisted smectic materials and applications, as well as nontraditional LC materials and applications. Various aspects of liquid crystal composite technology are featured. Of note is the work concentrating on the use of holography to imprint information into thin films of these systems. Three different approaches for employing holography with liquid crystal materials are discussed. In the ferroelectric liquid crystal arena, the intricacies of different chiral smectic-C architectures are described using detailed X-ray structural experiments on freestanding films. The differences between a molecule and a phase are explored. A number of nondisplay applications using this class of materials are presented and include topics such as adaptive optics, real-time holography and fiber-to-fiber interconnects. Also discussed are glass-forming liquid crystalline films and their ability to polarize photoluminescent emission, their utility in the fabrication of mid-wavelength infrared polarizers, and their utility in the fabrication of bistable electro-optical elements and broadband reflectors.
Download or read book X ray Scattering Study of Nematic and Smectic A written by Kelby Kun Chan and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Liquid Crystals written by Peter J. Collings and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Download or read book Advances in Liquid Crystal Research and Applications written by Lajos Bata and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Liquid Crystal Research and Applications, Volume 1 is a collection of papers presented at the Third Liquid Crystal Conference of the Socialist Countries, held in Budapest on August 27-31, 1979. This volume is comprised of three parts. The first part deals with the phases and structures of liquid crystals through methods employing synthesis, X-ray studies, electron diffraction, and calorimetric determination. The second part discusses molecular dynamics and dynamical methods where mostly dielectric investigations into liquid crystal properties are emphasized. This part includes the developments in the study of molecular dynamics in liquid crystals. Other topics presented in this part are the acousto-optical and ultrasonic relaxation methods. The third part covers the continual properties of liquid crystals: their properties and behavior when exposed to different testing methods and variables. For example, a correlation between viscosity coefficients of starting components and those of their mixtures is attempted, resulting when MBBA and EBBA in different percentages are mixed, that none of their coefficients is found to obey any pronounced law. However, the viscosity coefficients given in the table may serve as reference data for further studies. Physicists; process engineers; and graduate students in physics, chemistry, and materials science fields; and university professors and lecturers related to studies in the field of liquid crystals will find this collection of papers highly informative and rewarding.
