Download or read book X ray Detectors in Astronomy written by G. W. Fraser and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1989, this book provides a comprehensive review of the detection techniques that are used in X-ray astronomy. Since the first discovery of a cosmic X-ray source in 1962, there has been rapid growth in X-ray astronomy, which has largely been made possible by enormous advances in the capabilities of photon counting instrumentation. The book describes the first 25 years of astronomical X-ray instrumentation and summarises the areas of current detector research, giving particular emphasis to imaging devices and to non-dispersive devices of high spectral resolution. It is the first book to give such a comprehensive treatment of the subject, and will provide astronomers with a valuable summary of detection techniques.
Download or read book X ray Detectors in Astronomy written by G. W. Fraser and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989-05-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1989, this book provides a comprehensive review of the detection techniques that are used in X-ray astronomy. Since the first discovery of a cosmic X-ray source in 1962, there has been rapid growth in X-ray astronomy, which has largely been made possible by enormous advances in the capabilities of photon counting instrumentation. The book describes the first 25 years of astronomical X-ray instrumentation and summarises the areas of current detector research, giving particular emphasis to imaging devices and to non-dispersive devices of high spectral resolution. It is the first book to give such a comprehensive treatment of the subject, and will provide astronomers with a valuable summary of detection techniques.
Download or read book Semiconductor X Ray Detectors written by B. G. Lowe and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-07 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the history and development of Si(Li) X-Ray Detectors, while providing an up-to-date review of the principles, practical applications, and state of the art of semiconductor x-ray detectors. It describes many of the facets of x-ray detection and measurement using semiconductors, from manufacture to implementation. The initial chapters summarize relevant background physics, materials science, and engineering aspects. Later chapters compare and contrast the manufacture and physical properties of systems and materials currently employed, enabling readers to fully understand the materials and scope for applications.
Download or read book Development of High Resolution Imaging Detectors for X Ray Astronomy written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-12-29 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This final report summarizes our past activities and discusses the work performed over the period of 1 April 1990 through 1 April 1991 on x-ray optics, soft x-ray (0.1 - 10 KeV) imaging detectors, and hard x-ray (10 - 300 KeV) imaging detectors. If microchannel plates (MCPs) can be used to focus x-rays with a high efficiency and good angular resolution, they will revolutionize the field of x-ray optics. An x-ray image of a point source through an array of square MCP pores compared favorably with our ray tracing model for the MCP. Initial analysis of this image demonstrates the feasibility of MCPs for soft x-rays. Our work continues with optimizing the performance of our soft x-ray MCP imaging detectors. This work involves readout technology that should provide improved MCP readout devices (thin film crossed grid, curved, and resistive sheets), defect removal in MCPs, and photocathode optimization. In the area of hard x-ray detector development we have developed two different techniques for producing a CsI photocathode thickness of 10 to 100 microns, such that it is thick enough to absorb the high energy x-rays and still allow the photoelectrons to escape to the top MCP of a modified soft x-ray imaging detector. The methods involve vacuum depositing a thick film of CsI on a strong back, and producing a converter device that takes the place of the photocathode. Murray, S. S. and Schwartz, D. A. NASA-CR-193653, NAS 1.26:193653 NAG5-605...
Download or read book Handbook of X ray Astronomy written by Keith Arnaud and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-09-29 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern x-ray data, available through online archives, are important for many astronomical topics. However, using these data requires specialized techniques and software. Written for graduate students, professional astronomers and researchers who want to start working in this field, this book is a practical guide to x-ray astronomy. The handbook begins with x-ray optics, basic detector physics and CCDs, before focussing on data analysis. It introduces the reduction and calibration of x-ray data, scientific analysis, archives, statistical issues and the particular problems of highly extended sources. The book describes the main hardware used in x-ray astronomy, emphasizing the implications for data analysis. The concepts behind common x-ray astronomy data analysis software are explained. The appendices present reference material often required during data analysis.
Download or read book X Ray and Gamma Ray Astronomy Detectors written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray and gamma ray astronomy was made possible by the advent of space flight. Discovery and early observations of celestial x-rays and gamma rays, dating back almost 40 years, were first done with high altitude rockets, followed by Earth-orbiting satellites> once it became possible to carry detectors above the Earth's atmosphere, a new view of the universe in the high-energy part of the electromagnetic spectrum evolved. Many of the detector concepts used for x-ray and gamma ray astronomy were derived from radiation measuring instruments used in atomic physics, nuclear physics, and other fields. However, these instruments, when used in x-ray and gamma ray astronomy, have to meet unique and demanding requirements related to their operation in space and the need to detect and measure extremely weak radiation fluxes from celestial x-ray and gamma ray sources. Their design for x-ray and gamma ray astronomy has, therefore, become a rather specialized and rapidly advancing field in which improved sensitivity, higher energy and spatial resolution, wider spectral coverage, and enhanced imaging capabilities are all sought. This text is intended as an introduction to x-ray and gamma ray astronomy instruments. It provides an overview of detector design and technology and is aimed at scientists, engineers, and technical personnel and managers associated with this field. The discussion is limited to basic principles and design concepts and provides examples of applications in past, present, and future space flight missions. Decher, Rudolf and Ramsey, Brian D. and Austin, Robert Unspecified Center...
Download or read book Revealing the Universe written by Wallace H. Tucker and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revealing the Universe tells the story of the Chandra X-ray Observatory."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Characterization and Applications of Hybrid CMOS Detectors in X ray Astronomy written by Stephen Bongiorno and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book X rays Gamma rays written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electronic Imaging in Astronomy written by Ian S. McLean and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-25 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Electronic Imaging in Astronomy: Detectors and Instrumentation describes the remarkable developments that have taken place in astronomical detectors and instrumentation in recent years – from the invention of the charge-coupled device (CCD) in 1970 to the current era of very large telescopes, such as the Keck 10-meter telescopes in Hawaii with their laser guide-star adaptive optics which rival the image quality of the Hubble Space Telescope. Authored by one of the world’s foremost experts on the design and development of electronic imaging systems for astronomy, this book has been written on several levels to appeal to a broad readership. Mathematical expositions are designed to encourage a wider audience, especially among the growing community of amateur astronomers with small telescopes with CCD cameras. The book can be used at the college level for an introductory course on modern astronomical detectors and instruments, and as a supplement for a practical or laboratory class.
Download or read book X ray Photon Processing Detectors written by Conny Hansson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-14 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers a good overview of some of most recent advances in the field of hybrid pixelated detectors for X-ray imaging. Coverage includes both technology and applications, with an in-depth review of the research topics conducted at leading research institutions in the world. The conversion of the X-ray signal into an analogue/digital value is discussed, as well as a review of CMOS chips used for X-ray image sensors. Applications of hybrid pixel detectors are discussed, such as medical imaging, high energy physics, space, non-destructive testing and security. Provides coverage of a broad range of topics, from international experts in academia and industry; Includes in-depth analysis of how to optimize X-ray detection and electronics for X-ray detection; Covers both technology and applications in a number of different domains.
Download or read book Tutorial Guide to X ray and Gamma ray Astronomy written by Cosimo Bambi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-30 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy. The first part discusses the basic theoretical and observational topics related to black hole astrophysics; the optics and the detectors employed in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy; and past, present, and future X-ray and gamma-ray missions. The second part then describes data reduction and analysis, the statistics used in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy, and demonstrates how to write a successful proposal and a scientific paper. Data reduction in connection with specific X-ray and gamma-ray missions is covered in the appendices. Presenting the state of the art in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy, this is both a valuable textbook for students and an important reference resource for researchers in the field.
Download or read book Remote Compositional Analysis written by Janice L. Bishop and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive overview of the spectroscopic, mineralogical, and geochemical techniques used in planetary remote sensing.
Download or read book X ray and Gamma ray Instrumentation for Astronomy written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exploring the X ray Universe written by Frederick D. Seward and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-26 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capturing the excitement and accomplishments of X-ray astronomy, this second edition now includes a broader range of astronomical phenomena and dramatic new results from the most powerful X-ray telescopes. Covering all areas of astronomical research, ranging from the smallest to the largest objects, from neutron stars to clusters of galaxies, this textbook is ideal for undergraduate students. Each chapter starts with the basic aspects of the topic, explores the history of discoveries, and examines in detail modern observations and their significance. This new edition has been updated with results from the most recent space-based instruments, including ROSAT, BeppoSAX, ASCA, Chandra, and XMM. New chapters cover X-ray emission processes, the interstellar medium, the Solar System, and gamma-ray bursts. The text is supported by over 300 figures, with tables listing the properties of the sources, and more specialized technical points separated in boxes.
Download or read book Detector Technologies for Future High Throughput and Fine Resolution X ray Telescopes written by Samuel Hull and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The next generation of soft X-ray telescopes plan to push the boundaries of X-ray astronomy by featuring large increases in effective area. The most difficult observations, such as will be required to fully explore the low-luminosity and high-redshift X-ray Universe, will need to couple this high throughput with very fine angular resolution -- as is currently being studied for the Lynx mission concept. At the focal planes of instruments equipped to carry out this work will be arrays of small pixels (to oversample the telescope point spread function) that are capable of low-noise, rapid readout (to avoid pile-up of X-ray photons). While traditional X-ray charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have now been the workhorse imaging sensors in X-ray astronomy for ~ 25 years, these requirements -- specifically low-noise, rapid readout -- are outside their capabilities. Active pixel sensors (APSs) are a natural alternative due to their highly parallel readout. They also offer several other advantages, including less susceptibility to radiation damage, low power consumption, and nondestructive and windowed readout. Several APS technologies are currently under development; this work focuses on hybrid complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) detectors, with additional smaller-scale discussion of depleted p-channel field-effect transistors (DePFETs). Through detailed characterization of these technologies, this dissertation aims to demonstrate the advancement of hybrid CMOS detectors (HCDs) and DePFETs towards future flagship X-ray space telescopes like Lynx. After briefly reviewing the history and current state of X-ray astronomy, the dissertation continues with a discussion of the physics of soft X-ray detection, along with details on the operation of CCDs, HCDs, and DePFETs. Following this is a description of the design, testing, and full characterization results of prototype small-pixel HCDs -- which have been specifically developed to meet the needs of a Lynx-class observatory. Results include measurements of the read noise, dark current, pixel well capacity, pixel crosstalk, charge diffusion, pixel-to-pixel gain variation, and spectral resolution. The subsequent section features initial testing results from prototype DePFETs sensors, along with a discussion of their possible development path. Finally, the dissertation closes with an exploration of the exciting novel X-ray astronomy that will be possible with future instruments that may utilize these technologies.
Download or read book Tutorial Guide to X Ray and Gamma ray Astronomy written by Cosimo Bambi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy. The first part discusses the basic theoretical and observational topics related to black hole astrophysics; the optics and the detectors employed in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy; and past, present, and future X-ray and gamma-ray missions. The second part then describes data reduction and analysis, the statistics used in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy, and demonstrates how to write a successful proposal and a scientific paper. Data reduction in connection with specific X-ray and gamma-ray missions is covered in the appendices. Presenting the state of the art in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy, this is both a valuable textbook for students and an important reference resource for researchers in the field.
