Download or read book Worl Bank Supported Adjustment Programs written by Vittorio Corbo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the Bank's adjustment lending programs have increased the growth rate of GDP, the ratio of exports to GDP, and the ratios of saving to GDP. But the average ratio of investment to GDP is lower than 1970s levels. Sometimes unsustainable levels of public investment in the 1970s had led to economic crisis, and investment had to become more efficient. To restore growth, the challenge of the 1990s is to have good economic policies and to create the conditions needed to increase investment-to-GDP ratios.
Download or read book Adjustment Lending Policies for Sustainable Growth written by World Bank. Country Economics Department and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of International Monetary Fund and World Bank Programs on Poverty written by William Easterly and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is some evidence that IMF and World Bank adjustment lending smooths consumption for the poor, reducing the rise in poverty for any given contraction of the economy but also reducing the fall in poverty for any given expansion. Adjustment lending plays a similar role as inequality, reducing poverty's sensitivity to the economy's aggregate growth rate.
Download or read book IMF and World Bank Sponsored Structural Adjustment Programs in Africa written by Kwadwo Konadu-Agyemang and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2001: Bringing together geographers, planners, political scientists, economists, rural development specialists, bankers, public administrators and other development experts, this volume questions the benefits of Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs). It critically assesses the impact of SAPs from a wider perspective than a purely economic one, highlighting concerns about impacts of adjustments on the more vulnerable elements of society such as social welfare, the environment, labour, gender and agriculture. Revealing both the costs and benefits of the economic restructuring programme, the book also suggests alternatives to current development models, and how SAPs can be made more sustainable. An original and comprehensive addition to the collections of both students and practitioners of development.
Download or read book Adjustment Programs and Bank Support written by Vittorio Corbo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adjustment should begin with policy and institutional reforms to deal with the ultimate causes of any macroeconomic crisis a country is experiencing. Only when progress has been made in reducing inflation and fiscal and balance of payment deficits should other structural reforms begin - of the public sector, trade and competition, the financial sector, and the labor market.
Download or read book Assessing Aid written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessing Aid determines that the effectiveness of aid is not decided by the amount received but rather the institutional and policy environment into which it is accepted. It examines how development assistance can be more effective at reducing global poverty and gives five mainrecommendations for making aid more effective: targeting financial aid to poor countries with good policies and strong economic management; providing policy-based aid to demonstrated reformers; using simpler instruments to transfer resources to countries with sound management; focusing projects oncreating and transmitting knowledge and capacity; and rethinking the internal incentives of aid agencies.
Download or read book Adjustment in Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Global Effects of Fund Supported Adjustment Programs written by Morris Goldstein and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1986-03-19 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second of a group of papers dealing with various aspects of Fund-supported adjustment Programs.
Download or read book World Development Report 1981 written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1981 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the fourth in the World Bank's annual series assessing key development issues. Adjustment, global and national, to promote sustainable growth in the changing world economy is the main theme of this report. Recession and inflation in the industrial countries, together with the rise in oil prices, have been the main forces at work in the world economy in the 1970s. The report examines their effect on developing countries to see how adjustment has been managed and what lessons may be learned for the 1980s. Adjustment occurs through international trade and capital flows and through changes in national production and consumption patterns. The earlier chapters of the report present global and regional projections for the 1980s and consider international aspects of adjustment in trade, energy and finance. It then turns to adjustment problems of different groups of developing countries and a consideration of the prospects for human development. The report also includes the 1981 World Development Indicators, a set of 25 tables of economic and social indicators for 124 countries.
Download or read book Global Waves of Debt written by M. Ayhan Kose and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global economy has experienced four waves of rapid debt accumulation over the past 50 years. The first three debt waves ended with financial crises in many emerging market and developing economies. During the current wave, which started in 2010, the increase in debt in these economies has already been larger, faster, and broader-based than in the previous three waves. Current low interest rates mitigate some of the risks associated with high debt. However, emerging market and developing economies are also confronted by weak growth prospects, mounting vulnerabilities, and elevated global risks. A menu of policy options is available to reduce the likelihood that the current debt wave will end in crisis and, if crises do take place, will alleviate their impact.
Download or read book The Implications of Fund Supported Adjustment Programs for Poverty written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1988-05-05 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a study that focuses on specific adjustment programs for limited periods and is aimed largely at analyzing the short-run implications of the policy measures. The longer run implications are also discussed whenever relevant, since much of the rationale for policies and many of the beneficial effects on the poor are likely to be realized over time. The study also notes any compensatory targeting measures oriented to the poor, together with their implications for the adjustment efforts and the political viability of the programs. These analyses may provide lessons for improving the design of future adjustment programs. The chapter also summarizes the sample countries and programs; and describes the methodology used in the study. The results of the study suggest that adjustment programs in general have important distributional implications. During the process of adjustment, it is inevitable that some social groups gain while others lose, particularly when adjustment is aimed at a shift in sectoral resource allocation.
Download or read book World Development Report 1985 written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1985 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report focuses on the contribution that international capital makes to economic development. While the report pays close attention to the events of the recent past, it also places the use of foreign capital in a broader and longer-term perspective. Using such a perspective, the report shows how countries at different stages of development have used external finance productively; how the institutional and policy environment affects the volume and composition of financial flows to developing countries; and how the international community has dealt with financial crises. This report concludes that the developing countries will have a continuing need for external finance. It demonstrates that many of the policies required to attract external finance and promote economic growth are either being implemented or planned already.
Download or read book The Effect of International Monetary Fund and World Bank Programs on Poverty written by William Easterly and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: January 2001 There is some evidence that IMF and World Bank adjustment lending smooths consumption for the poor, reducing the rise in poverty for any given contraction of the economy but also reducing the fall in poverty for any given expansion. Adjustment lending plays a similar role as inequality, reducing poverty's sensitivity to the economy's aggregate growth rate. Structural adjustment--as measured by the number of adjustment loans from the IMF and World Bank--reduces the growth elasticity of poverty reduction. Easterly finds no evidence for structural adjustment having a direct effect on growth. The poor benefit less from output expansion in countries with many adjustment loans than they do in countries with few such loans. By the same token, the poor suffer less from an output contraction in countries with many adjustment loans than in countries with few. Why would this be? One hypothesis is that adjustment lending is countercyclical in ways that smooth consumption for the poor. There is evidence that some policy variables under adjustment lending are countercyclical, but no evidence that the cyclical component of those policy variables affects poverty. Easterly speculates that the poor may be ill placed to take advantage of new opportunities created by structural adjustment reforms, just as they may suffer less from the loss of old opportunities in sectors that were artificially protected before reform. Poverty's lower sensitivity to growth under adjustment lending is bad news when an economy expands and good news when it contracts. These results could be interpreted as giving support to either the critics or the supporters of structural adjustment programs. This paper--a product of Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the effect of growth on poverty. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Download or read book World Bank Treatment of the Social Impact of Adjustment Programs written by Helena Ribe and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given existing knowledge and data, a better treatment of the social impact of Bank-supported adjustment programs can be achieved. Even a modest analysis of alternative policy choices can help improve program design and foster more equitable growth. Groups that may be adversely affected can be protected with targeted projects.
Download or read book Our Continent Our Future written by P. Thandika Mkandawire and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our Continent, Our Future presents the emerging African perspective on this complex issue. The authors use as background their own extensive experience and a collection of 30 individual studies, 25 of which were from African economists, to summarize this African perspective and articulate a path for the future. They underscore the need to be sensitive to each country's unique history and current condition. They argue for a broader policy agenda and for a much more active role for the state within what is largely a market economy. Finally, they stress that Africa must, and can, compete in an increasingly globalized world and, perhaps most importantly, that Africans must assume the leading role in defining the continent's development agenda.
Download or read book The Road to Results written by Linda G. Morra-Imas and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The Road to Results: Designing and Conducting Effective Development Evaluations' presents concepts and procedures for evaluation in a development context. It provides procedures and examples on how to set up a monitoring and evaluation system, how to conduct participatory evaluations and do social mapping, and how to construct a "rigorous" quasi-experimental design to answer an impact question. The text begins with the context of development evaluation and how it arrived where it is today. It then discusses current issues driving development evaluation, such as the Millennium Development Goals and the move from simple project evaluations to the broader understandings of complex evaluations. The topics of implementing 'Results-based Measurement and Evaluation' and constructing a 'Theory of Change' are emphasized throughout the text. Next, the authors take the reader down 'the road to results, ' presenting procedures for evaluating projects, programs, and policies by using a 'Design Matrix' to help map the process. This road includes: determining the overall approach, formulating questions, selecting designs, developing data collection instruments, choosing a sampling strategy, and planning data analysis for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method evaluations. The book also includes discussions on conducting complex evaluations, how to manage evaluations, how to present results, and ethical behavior--including principles, standards, and guidelines. The final chapter discusses the future of development evaluation. This comprehensive text is an essential tool for those involved in development evaluation.
Download or read book Structural and Sectoral Adjustment written by Carl Jayarajah and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Discussion Paper No. 290. Draws on the lessons of experience of developing countries in decentralizing infrastructure and provides new empirical evidence on the quantitative and qualitative effects of decentralization. This collection of five papers highlights the lessons of the World Bank's research and experience on the linkages between infrastructure and decentralization. The paper provides: - A summary of the lessons from World Bank experience, giving a general review of the importance of the decentralization of infrastructure - A review of the institutional aspects of decentralization and their implications for policy design - An empirical assessment of the consequences of decentralization for expenditure levels and performance in infrastructure - An outline for a research agenda on decentralization in light of recent developments in the theory of the firm. - The authors conclude that some degree of decentralization will improve performance in certain areas of infrastructure such as roads and electricity.
