Download or read book Work Zone Simulation Model written by T. H. Maze and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To support the analysis of driver behavior at rural freeway work zone lane closure merge points, Center for Transportation Research and Education staff collected traffic data at merge areas using video image processing technology. The collection of data and the calculation of the capacity of lane closures are reported in a companion report, "Traffic Management Strategies for Merge Areas in Rural Interstate Work Zones". These data are used in the work reported in this document and are used to calibrate a microscopic simulation model of a typical, Iowa rural freeway lane closure. The model developed is a high fidelity computer simulation with an animation interface. It simulates traffic operations at a work zone lane closure. This model enables traffic engineers to visually demonstrate the forecasted delay that is likely to result when freeway reconstruction makes it necessary to close freeway lanes. Further, the model is also sensitive to variations in driver behavior and is used to test the impact of slow moving vehicles and other driver behaviors. This report consists of two parts. The first part describes the development of the work zone simulation model. The simulation analysis is calibrated and verified through data collected at a work zone in Interstate Highway 80 in Scott County, Iowa. The second part is a user's manual for the simulation model, which is provided to assist users with its set up and operation. No prior computer programming skills are required to use the simulation model.
Download or read book Using Modeling and Simulation Tools for Work Zone Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This leaflet defines what work zone analysis is, describes some of the tools available for performing work zone analysis, and discusses how to use these tools.
Download or read book Economic Analysis Primer written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This primer provides a foundation for understanding the role of economic analysis in highway decision making. It is oriented toward state and local officials who have responsibility for assuring that limited resources get targeted to their best uses and who must publicly account for their decisions. Economic analysis is presented as an integral component of a comprehensive infrastructure management methodology that takes a long-term view of infrastructure performance and cost. The primer encompasses a full range of economic issues, including economic fundamentals, life-cycle cost analysis, benefit-cost analysis, forecasting traffic for benefit calculations, risk analysis and economic impact analysis.
Download or read book Replication of Freeway Work Zone Capacity Values in a Microscopic Simulation Model written by Indrajit Chatterjee and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluating the traffic impacts of work zones is vital for any transportation agency for planning and scheduling work activity. Traffic impacts can be accurately estimated using microscopic simulation models due to their ability to simulate individual vehicles and their interactions that can have a strong impact on various performance measures such as capacity, queue length, and travel delays. One challenge in using these simulation models is obtaining the desired work zone capacity values which tend to vary from one state to another. Thus, the default parameter values in the model which are suitable for normal traffic conditions are unsuitable for work zone conditions let alone for conditions specific to particular states. A few studies have been conducted on parameter selection to obtain the desired capacity values. However, none of these studies have provided a convenient look-up table (or a chart) for the parameter values that will replicate the field observed capacities. Without such provision it has not been possible for state agencies to utilize many of the research recommendations. This research provides the practitioner a simple method for choosing appropriate values of driving behavior parameters in the VISSIM micro-simulation model to match the desired field capacity for work zones operating in a typical early merge system.
Download or read book Phase II written by Helmut T. Zwahlen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project contains three major parts. In the first part a digital computer simulation model was developed with the aim to model the traffic through a freeway work zone situation. The model was based on the Arena simulation software and used cumulative interarrival times as the input. Its aim was to determine the traffic volumes through the work zone and the queue lengths in advance of lane restrictions. The program was designed to handle up to 15 miles in length, up to six lanes, and up to 20 entrance and exit ramps. The developed program has not been validated due to the lack of reliable field data and the program appears to produce unreasonably short queue lengths and low exit ramp traffic counts compared to the input traffic data for cases where the exit ramps are spaced closely together. In the second part a diversion analysis was performed to determine the effects of closed ramps. The work zone sites were assigned by Ohio Department of Transportation and the diversion effects for these situations were in one case very minimal and in the other case as expected (traffic shifted to the next open exit ramp). In the third part guidelines for ramp management and ramp metering were established on a 24/7 basis giving special considerations to freeway mainline throughput and local traffic access to freeway.
Download or read book Traffic Analysis Toolbox written by Matthew Hardy and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This document is the second volume in the FHWA Traffic Analysis Toolbox: Work Zone Analysis series. Whereas the first volume provides guidance to decision-makers at agencies and jurisdictions considering the role of analytical tools in work zone planning and management, this volume provides specific guidance to the analyst, researcher, or manager in charge of conducting a specific work zone analysis project or who has been charged with developing an overall work zone modeling program or approach"--Technical report documentation p.
Download or read book Evaluation and Implementation of Traffic Simulation Models for Work Zones written by John Collura and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Den Engelschen duyvel ontdeckt door een botte schelm in twaalf artijkelen van Cromwels geloof written by and published by . This book was released on 1652 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Mechanistic Model of Work Zone Capacity written by Changmo Kim and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Validation of Traffic Simulation Model Output for Work Zone and Mobile Source Emissions Modeling and Integration with Human in the loop Driving Simulators written by Shauna L. Hallmark and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The next generation motor vehicle emission rate model used in the US, the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Motor Vehicle Emmission Simulator (MOVES), requires second-by-second vehicle data in order to fully utilize model capabilities. However, field data collection of this type of data is resource intensive and frequently not realistic for local agencies. Some microsimulation models have the capability of outputting instantaneous speed and acceleration, which can be used in MOVES. With these capabilities, microsimulation offers a valuable tool to conduct analysis requiring a large number of data. ... Two case studies were used to assess the utility of the microsimulation model, Vissim, in developing output that can be used as input to MOVES. In one scenario, drivers were selected to drive an instrumented test vehicle along a test corridor. In another scenario, five drivers drove through a roundabout in the University of Iowa national Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). Models for each scenario were also developed in Vissim. Model output was compared to field collected speed/acceleration profile data to assess the accuracy of microsimulation models in providing realistic estimates of vehicle activity as input to MOVES. Results were summarized to demonstrate the applicability of linking microsimulated vehicle activity data with emissions models to better estimate the emission impacts of different transportation strategies" (page vii).
Download or read book Phase II written by Helmut T. Zwahlen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project contains three major parts. In the first part a digital computer simulation model was developed with the aim to model the traffic through a freeway work zone situation. The model was based on the Arena simulation software and used cumulative interarrival times as the input. Its aim was to determine the traffic volumes through the work zone and the queue lengths in advance of lane restrictions. The program was designed to handle up to 15 miles in length, up to six lanes, and up to 20 entrance and exit ramps. The developed program has not been validated due to the lack of reliable field data and the program appears to produce unreasonably short queue lengths and low exit ramp traffic counts compared to the input traffic data for cases where the exit ramps are spaced closely together. In the second part a diversion analysis was performed to determine the effects of closed ramps. The work zone sites were assigned by Ohio Department of Transportation and the diversion effects for these situations were in one case very minimal and in the other case as expected (traffic shifted to the next open exit ramp). In the third part guidelines for ramp management and ramp metering were established on a 24/7 basis giving special considerations to freeway mainline throughput and local traffic access to freeway.
Download or read book Work Zone Crash Analysis and Modeling to Identify Factors Associated with Crash Severity and Frequency written by Sunanda Dissanayake and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The safe and efficient flow of traffic through work zones must be established by improving work zone conditions. Therefore, identifying the factors associated with the severity and the frequency of work zone crashes is important. According to current statistics from the Federal Highway Administration, 2,372 fatalities were associated with motor vehicle traffic crashes in work zones in the United States during the four years from 2010 to 2013. From 2002 to 2014, an average of 1,612 work zone crashes occurred in Kansas each year, making it a serious concern in Kansas. The objectives of this study were to analyze work zone crash characteristics, identify the factors associated with crash severity and frequency, and to identify recommendations to improve work zone safety. Work zone crashes in Kansas from 2010 to 2013 were used to develop crash severity models. Ordered probit regression was used to model the crash severities for daytime, nighttime, multi-vehicle and single-vehicle work zone crashes and for work zones crashes in general. Based on severity models, drivers from 26 to 65 years of age were associated with high crash severities during daytime work zone crashes and driver age was not found significant in nighttime work zone crashes. The use of safety equipment was related to reduced crash severities regardless of the time of the crash. Negative binomial regression was used to model the work zone crash frequency using work zones functioned in Kansas in 2013 and 2014. According to results, increased average daily traffic (AADT) was related to higher number of work zone crashes and work zones in operation at nighttime were related to a reduced number of work zone crashes. Findings of this study were used to provide general countermeasure ideas for improving safety of work zones" (page ii).
Download or read book Estimation of Traffic Impacts at Work Zones written by Praveen Kumar Edara and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessing the safety and mobility impacts of work zones across the project development phases of road construction and maintenance projects is an emphasis area of the Federal Highway Administration's Final Rule on Work Zone Safety and Mobility1 (Final Rule). Specifically, the design phase of developing traffic control plans requires performing a traffic analysis to estimate queue lengths, travel times, and delays to determine lane closure times. State departments of transportation (DOTs) must comply with the requirements of the Final Rule by October 2007. To this end, this study was conducted to provide the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) with the state-of-the-practice tools that are available and used by other state agencies for estimating the traffic impacts at work zones. The researcher found that all models based on the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) assume capacity as an exogenous variable that is given as input to the model; delay and queue length are dependent on capacity. A good estimate of the capacity of a work zone bottleneck is essential to obtain an accurate estimate of traffic impacts. The capacity charts in HCM 1994 were determined for work zones in Texas based on studies conducted before 1982. Based on the recommendations in HCM 2000, it is clear that the 1994 capacity charts significantly under-predict the capacity values at short-term freeway work zones. However, it is possible to obtain realistic capacity estimates from HCM 2000 by using base capacity values specific to the state and applying the necessary adjustment factors for intensity of work activity, effect of heavy vehicles, and presence of ramps in close proximity to the work zone. Data intensiveness, level of effort, and accuracy of the estimates are the key elements state DOTs use to choose the tools for traffic impact analysis. It can be safely assumed that most of the HCM-based tools are easy to use, are not data intensive, and generate quick results, with the exception of QuickZone, which could be data intensive and might require greater user effort. Many state DOTs use the size of the project as an element. Comprehensive tools such as QuickZone and microscopic simulation that are highly detailed and incorporate traveler response to the prevailing traffic conditions might be suitable for use for large projects. There is evidence that simple spreadsheet models and the QUEWZ model produce more accurate estimates of traffic impacts than do QuickZone and microscopic simulation. The inability of many available traffic simulation models to model the oversaturated conditions at work zone bottlenecks is one reason for the erroneous estimates. The conclusions in this study should help VDOT choose the appropriate tool(s) for estimating the traffic impacts in and around work zones. This is a very high priority for VDOT's Traffic Engineering Division as it works on the development of an agency-wide plan to comply with the Final Rule for roll out by the end of 2006.
Download or read book Traffic Analysis Toolbox written by Matthew Hardy and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This document is the second volume in the FHWA Traffic Analysis Toolbox: Work Zone Analysis series. Whereas the first volume provides guidance to decision-makers at agencies and jurisdictions considering the role of analytical tools in work zone planning and management, this volume provides specific guidance to the analyst, researcher, or manager in charge of conducting a specific work zone analysis project or who has been charged with developing an overall work zone modeling program or approach"--Technical report documentation p.
Download or read book Integrating Business Processes to Improve Travel Time Reliability written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2011 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Addresses various ways that transportation agencies can reengineer their day-to-day business practices to enhance traffic operations, address nonrecurring traffic congestion, and improve the reliability of travel times delivered to roadway system users"--Foreword.
Download or read book The Multi Agent Transport Simulation MATSim written by Andreas Horni and published by Ubiquity Press. This book was released on 2016-08-10 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MATSim (Multi-Agent Transport Simulation) software project was started around 2006 with the goal of generating traffic and congestion patterns by following individual synthetic travelers through their daily or weekly activity programme. It has since then evolved from a collection of stand-alone C++ programs to an integrated Java-based framework which is publicly hosted, open-source available, automatically regression tested. It is currently used by about 40 groups throughout the world. This book takes stock of the current status. The first part of the book gives an introduction to the most important concepts, with the intention of enabling a potential user to set up and run basic simulations. The second part of the book describes how the basic functionality can be extended, for example by adding schedule-based public transit, electric or autonomous cars, paratransit, or within-day replanning. For each extension, the text provides pointers to the additional documentation and to the code base. It is also discussed how people with appropriate Java programming skills can write their own extensions, and plug them into the MATSim core. The project has started from the basic idea that traffic is a consequence of human behavior, and thus humans and their behavior should be the starting point of all modelling, and with the intuition that when simulations with 100 million particles are possible in computational physics, then behavior-oriented simulations with 10 million travelers should be possible in travel behavior research. The initial implementations thus combined concepts from computational physics and complex adaptive systems with concepts from travel behavior research. The third part of the book looks at theoretical concepts that are able to describe important aspects of the simulation system; for example, under certain conditions the code becomes a Monte Carlo engine sampling from a discrete choice model. Another important aspect is the interpretation of the MATSim score as utility in the microeconomic sense, opening up a connection to benefit cost analysis. Finally, the book collects use cases as they have been undertaken with MATSim. All current users of MATSim were invited to submit their work, and many followed with sometimes crisp and short and sometimes longer contributions, always with pointers to additional references. We hope that the book will become an invitation to explore, to build and to extend agent-based modeling of travel behavior from the stable and well tested core of MATSim documented here.
Download or read book Two lane Highway Work Zone Capacity Model and Control Analysis written by Wenbo Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lane closure is a common practice for two-lane highway work zones. To effectively control the open lane to serve both travel directions, it is necessary to implement a traffic control strategy. Due to lane closure, the roadway capacity will drop significantly. The remaining capacity will depend on work zone configurations, traffic parameters and traffic control strategy. This study develops a mathematical model calculating capacity and vehicle delay specifically for two-lane highway work zones with pre-timed signal control strategy. A VISSIM simulation model is developed and calibrated using field observed data to validate the mathematical model. After fine tuning the parameters, the mathematical model is able to make reasonably accurate delay estimates for both saturated and under-saturated traffic demands, with mean absolute prediction errors between 1% ~ 3%. Flagger control is incorporated in the VISSIM simulation model using a gap-out distance method. Field observations are used to validate the model outputs. The study then compared flagger control with fixed time signal control under multiple traffic conditions. Results show that at low traffic demands flagger control performs better than fixed time signal control. For the specific work zone site studied, flagger control is able to achieve approximately 10% ~ 20% lower vehicle delay. The developed models and simulation results can be applied to optimize two-lane highway lane-closure work zone management by reducing overall user delay while maintaining adequate roadway capacity. The optimized pre-timed signal control plan can reduce the user delay to a similar level as that of the actuated or flagger control method and thus can be used to avoid the human operation cost. Sensitivity analysis shows that traffic operators can increase the roadway capacity by reducing work zone length, increasing vehicle travel speed, and making unbalanced signal allocation based on actual traffic demands.
