Download or read book Wideband Millimeter Wave Phased Arrays and Their Calibration written by Yuan Chang and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ultra wideband On chip Phased Arrays for Millimeter wave and Terahertz Applications written by Seckin Sahin and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finally, we develop a novel non-contact characterization method for simultaneous characterization of conventional antenna parameters, including the antenna port input impedance, antenna gain and radiation pattern, without requiring a network analyzer connection to the antenna port. This method treats the test antenna and the network analyzer as a 2-port open-air fixture whose network representation corresponds to the desired antenna parameters. The unknown network parameters of the 2-port open-air are determined via a calibration process, and then related to antenna impedance and gain as a function of frequency. Additionally, the radiation pattern of the test antenna can also be characterized using measured reflection coefficient at the network analyzer port for two offset-short terminations of the test antenna port, while mechanically scanning the test antenna over the desired angular range.

Download or read book Dual Band and Wideband Millimeter Wave Phased Arrays for 5G Communication Systems written by Shufan Wang and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demands of multi-standard operation have risen in millimeter-wave 5G phased arrays, in order to achieve more band coverage, reduce fabrication and deployment costs and realize inter-band carrier aggregation. This dissertation investigates dual-band and wideband design approaches to realize multi-standard phased array systems. In the dual-band approach, a 32-element dual-band, dual-beam phased array is designed by integrating dual-band patch antennas with commercial narrowband beamformers. Another design introduces an 8-element dual-band, dual-polarized, dual-beam phased array targeted at compact system applications. Both designs achieve 26-29 GHz and 37-41 GHz operation. In the wideband phased array approach, a novel stacked wideband dipole antenna is developed and integrated with a wideband SiGe Tx/Rx beamformers to achieve operation of 23-46 GHz. A single-polarized 64-element array and a dual-polarized 8-element array are then demonstrated with state-of-the-art performance. The 64-element array achieves a maximum EIRP of 50 dBm at P1dB operation, and 8-element dual-pol. array achieves 29 dBm. Both arrays demonstrate less than 4% EVM when transmitting 64-QAM 5G OFDM signal with 6-8 dB backoff from P1dB.

Download or read book Low Cost Ultra wideband Millimeter wave Phased Arrays written by Markus H. Novak and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At millimeter-wave frequencies, planar co-fabrication of the entire array is critical to achieving repeatable fabrication, by eliminating the need for complex assembly at such small scales. Simultaneously, compatibility with low-cost PCB processes enables the potential for large scale applicability. The limitations of PCB fabrication are discussed, and a planarized balun consisting of only three vias and two metal layers is developed. The design is shown to operate across 24–72 GHz, with VSWR

Download or read book Optimized Systems and Calibration of Millimeter Wave Phased Arrays for 5G SATCOM and Radar Applications written by Zhe Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phased array technologies has been in development for many decades but primarily in defense industry with large complicated systems and excessively high cost. With the recent advances in silicon chips and printed-circuit board (PCB) manufacturing, planar phased arrays can be built on a PCB in a compact form with drastically lower cost. The new 5G communication standards also utilize millimeter wave bands that require phased arrays with high effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) and beam steering capabilities. The 5G systems, with the fast growing industry of satellite communications on-the-move, and millimeter wave automotive radars used for self-driving technologies, contribute to a giant market in need of a large amount of low cost phased arrays. This dissertation focuses on such commercial-use phased arrays, studies their artifacts and how to eliminate them, provides solutions to optimized phased-array systems, and proposes calibration methods essential for their performance. First, it presents the intersymbol interference (ISI) caused by the phased array when it is scanned with a simple effective equalization scheme, and then, it presents a TX/RX phased-array system with a reduced number of randomly distributed elements that is optimized for radar applications. This dissertation also presents a new method for phased array calibration based on 2x2 sub-arrays that is more robust across different scan angles and yields better performance while reducing the measurement time. Finally, a method to measure the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the phased array in the near-field is presented, which can be used to verify the calibration and performance of phased arrays in communication systems when they are deployed in the field.

Download or read book Built in Self Test Circuits for Wideband Phased Arrays and Circuits for Millimeter wave Radiometry and Low noise Applications written by Tumay Kanar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis presents wide-band built-in self-test circuits (BIST) for phased array systems and high performance circuits for millimeter-wave radiometry and low-noise applications. The 2-15 GHz BIST is designed using a resistive wide-band coupler at the input of each channel and an on-chip oscillator is employed for the test signal and local oscillator generation. An on-chip 8-phase self-correcting I/Q vector receiver and algorithm are introduced for wide-band accuracy. Using the I/Q outputs from 8 different LO phases for one-time calibration, the DC offset, gain and phase imbalance for the system can be determined at each frequency point and eliminated. The BIST can be done at a rate of 1 MHz with greater than 50 dB signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and allows for accurate characterization of the phased array by providing relative gain and phase measurements over a wide frequency range. The BIST results agree well with the VNA measurements, and the 2-15 GHz BIST can determine the channel's relative phase and gain error with 3 and 0.3 dB accuracy, respectively. An RMS detector network is also implemented for absolute gain measurements, and the absolute gain is measured using a pair of detectors located at the input and the output ports. The BIST can measure the absolute gain with 0.5 dB accuracy at 2-15 GHz, and this feature can be employed to detect under-performing units in the field for self-healing mechanisms. Next, a D-band radiometer centered at 136 GHz is presented. The radiometer is realized with a 35 dB gain low-noise amplifier and a detector in the IBM 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS process. The on-chip radiometer results in a measured minimum NEP of 1.4 fW/Hz1/2 and a peak responsivity of 52 MV/W. With a low 1/f corner frequency (100 Hz) and a noise bandwidth 10 GHz, this system is suitable for high-resolution imaging applications. For an integration time of 3.125 mS, the minimum noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) is measured to be 0.25K using different independent methods and is the lowest NETD demonstrated in silicon technologies at D-band frequencies. Finally, X- and K-band low-noise amplifiers (LNA) in a 0.18 [mu]m SiGe BiCMOS process are presented with measured mean noise figure of 1.2 dB and 2.2 dB, respectively. A method of noise match optimization with respect to base inductance in SiGe LNA design with large transistors is proposed and explained in detail. The LNAs result in peak gain of 24.2 and 19 dB at 8.5 and 19.5 GHz and IIP3 of -11 and -4 dBm at 10 and 20 GHz, respectively. To the authors' best knowledge, these results outperform all available CMOS designs and achieve the lowest mean noise figure at X- and K-bands in any SiGe or CMOS process at the time of publication. Another K-band LNA is also implemented in 45 nm IBM CMOS SOI process and results in 2.2 dB mean noise figure with 19 dB peak gain. The details of this design are presented in the appendix.

Download or read book Antenna in Package Technology and Applications written by Duixian Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to antenna design, manufacturing processes, antenna integration, and packaging Antenna-in-Package Technology and Applications contains an introduction to the history of AiP technology. It explores antennas and packages, thermal analysis and design, as well as measurement setups and methods for AiP technology. The authors—well-known experts on the topic—explain why microstrip patch antennas are the most popular and describe the myriad constraints of packaging, such as electrical performance, thermo-mechanical reliability, compactness, manufacturability, and cost. The book includes information on how the choice of interconnects is governed by JEDEC for automatic assembly and describes low-temperature co-fired ceramic, high-density interconnects, fan-out wafer level packaging–based AiP, and 3D-printing-based AiP. The book includes a detailed discussion of the surface laminar circuit–based AiP designs for large-scale mm-wave phased arrays for 94-GHz imagers and 28-GHz 5G New Radios. Additionally, the book includes information on 3D AiP for sensor nodes, near-field wireless power transfer, and IoT applications. This important book: • Includes a brief history of antenna-in-package technology • Describes package structures widely used in AiP, such as ball grid array (BGA) and quad flat no-leads (QFN) • Explores the concepts, materials and processes, designs, and verifications with special consideration for excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal performance Written for students in electrical engineering, professors, researchers, and RF engineers, Antenna-in-Package Technology and Applications offers a guide to material selection for antennas and packages, antenna design with manufacturing processes and packaging constraints, antenna integration, and packaging.

Download or read book Ultra Wideband Phased Arrays written by Chao Chun Chen and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report describes the activities and accomplishments associated with the two major technical tasks on this project. The first task is the development of a linearly polarized two-dimensional phased array which is well matched simultaneously over a large scan angle range and over an octave bandwidth. The second task is to extend the impedance matching of the linearly polarized element to an arbitrarily polarized element for wide-angle scanning and wide tunable bandwidth.

Download or read book Systems Engineering of Phased Arrays written by Rick Sturdivant and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phased arrays, while traditionally used in radar systems, are now being used or proposed for use in internet of things (IoT) networks, high-speed back haul communication, terabit-per-second satellite systems, 5G mobile networks, and mobile phones. This book considers systems engineering of phased arrays and addresses not only radar, but also these modern applications. It presents a system-level perspective and approach that is essential for the successful development of modern phased arrays. Using practical examples, this book helps solve problems often encountered by technical professionals. Thermal management challenges, antenna element design issues, and architectures solutions are explored as well as the benefits and challenges of digital beam forming. This book provides the information required to train engineers to design and develop phased arrays and contains questions at the end of each chapter that professors will find useful for instruction.

Download or read book Modeling Theory and Simulation of Wideband Phased Array for Sensing and Communications written by Ang Chen and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phased array is a key technology for Millimeter-Wave (mmWave) communication and sensing. The phased array consists of two or more antennas and features beamforming, beam steering, and beam tapering. With beamforming, the radiation pattern of a phased array can be narrowed to a concentrated beam compared to a single antenna. With beam steering, the phased array enables directional communications by controlling the phase difference of the individual antennas. And with beam tapering, the shape of the radiation pattern can be manipulated to suppress the power loss in the unwanted directions by altering the amplitude distribution of the individual antennas. In this thesis, fundamental features and principles of phased array antennas, including the configuration of phased array, array factor, beamforming, beam steering, grating lobes, and beam tapering, are explored and demonstrated using modeling, theoretical derivations, and MATLAB simulations.

Download or read book Millimeter wave Phased Arrays in Silicon written by Arun Sridhar Natarajan and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Millimeter Wave Circuits for 5G and Radar written by Gernot Hueber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-20 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the concepts and techniques needed to design millimeter-wave circuits for current and emerging wireless system applications.

Download or read book Integrated Microwave and Millimeter wave Phased array Designs in Silicon Technologies written by Kwang-Jin Koh and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research focuses on the design and analysis of on-chip phased-array receivers and transmitters in silicon technologies. Passive phase shifters have been widely used in conventional discrete implementations of phased-arrays which are based on transmit/receive modules in III-V technologies. However their large volume and high loss impose several challenging issues for on-chip integration. To leverage system optimizations of on-chip phased-arrays, active phase shifter architecture is primarily investigated in this dissertation. The active phase shifter utilizes a quadrature signal interpolation where the I/Q signals are added with appropriate amplitude and polarity to synthesize the required phase. The quadrature signal generator is a key element for accurate multi-bit phase states in the active phase shifter. To generate lossless wideband quadrature signals, a novel I/Q signal generator based on second-order L-C series resonance is developed. Active phase shifters with 4-bit and 5-bit control are then designed in 0.13-um and 0.18-um CMOS technologies and tested successfully for 6-26 GHz phased-arrays applications, featuring the smallest chip size ever reported at these frequencies with similar phase resolutions. After successful demonstration of the active phase shifters, an eight-element phased-array receiver is developed in 0.18-um SiGe BiCMOS technology for X- and Ku-band satellite communications. The phased-array receiver adopts corporate-feed architecture implemented with active signal combiners. The phased-array receiver is rigorously characterized including channel-to-channel mismatches and signal coupling errors from different channels. The on-chip phased-array designs are then extended to millimeter-wave frequencies. A four-element phased-array receiver and a sixteen-element phased-array transmitter are designed using the SiGe BiCMOS technology and tested successfully for Q-band applications. Wilkinson couplers are compactly integrated for linear coherent signal combining in the Q-band phased-array receiver. Also in the Q-band transmitter array, passive Tee-junction power dividers are integrated as a linear signal feed network. The power divider is based on a coaxial-type shielded transmission line utilizing three-dimensional metal stack, which leads to a compact corporate-feed network suitable for large on-chip arrays. The sixteen-element phased-array transmitter marks the highest integration of phased-array elements known to-date, proving a good scalability to a large array of the proposed phased-array architecture. Also, each phased-array design integrates all digital control units and presents the first demonstration of on-chip silicon phased-array at the corresponding design frequency, solving one of key barriers for low-cost and complex phased-arrays.

Download or read book Single Input Single Output Digital Pre Distortion at Millimeter Wave Frequencies for Phased Arrays written by Ahmed BEN AYED and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The limiting fact that is impeding the increase in data rate in the current generation of wireless communication is the limited available spectrum in the sub-6 GHz bands. This has motivated the shift to higher frequencies such as millimeter waves (mm-wave) and terahertz frequencies where modulation bandwidth of several hundreds of MHz can be utilized to increase the communication link capacity. The deployment of high data rate mm-wave base stations will highly depend on the maximum achievable equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) and on the ability to generate reliable and error free wideband signals. High EIRP and high efficiency operation can be achieved by using active phased arrays operated deep into the power amplifiers (PAs) nonlinear region. In this work, a low power and low complexity compensation schemes to mitigate the impairments exhibited by phase arrays driven with wideband signals and high efficient nonlinear PAs at mm-wave frequencies are proposed. Digital pre-distortion (DPD) techniques can provide an attractive solution to linearize high efficiency and high EIRP nonlinear phased arrays at mm-wave frequencies. However, the viable deployment of DPD solutions call for the reduction in the power consumption of the transmitter observation receiver (TOR) feedback path required to train the DPD function. To that end, a low power DPD scheme for linearizing mm-wave hybrid beamforming antenna systems is presented. The proposed DPD scheme exploits the modularity of hybrid beamforming systems. During the training phase, the constituent sub-arrays, are categorized, into (i) the main sub-array that exhibits non-linear distortion and is to be linearized, and (ii) the auxiliary sub-arrays that operate in the backoff region to avoid nonlinearity. To produce the error signal necessary to train the DPD function (and compensate for the distortions exhibited by the main sub-array), the signals transmitted by the main and auxiliary sub-arrays are combined. This error signal is captured using a TOR with low dynamic range and is digitized using a low-bit resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Proof-of-concept validation experiments are conducted by applying the proposed DPD system to linearize an off-the-shelf hybrid-beamforming array comprised of four 64-element sub-arrays, operating at 28 GHz and driven with up to 800 MHz orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulated signals. Using the proposed DPD scheme, a TOR with a 4-bit ADC was sufficient to improve the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) by 10 dB and the error vector magnitude (EVM) improved from 5.8% to 1.6%. These results are similar to those obtained using a TOR with 16-bit ADCs. Reducing the complexity of the DPD scheme for phased arrays is also of primordial importance to the successful deployment of DPD solutions. For instance, the DPD function needs to be desensitize to the load modulation effects exhibited by large antenna systems and be able to linearize phased arrays at different steering angles. To address the challenges associated with the load modulation for phased arrays, we propose a generalized SISO DPD scheme as solution to minimize the EVM variation at different steering angles. The measurement results of the proposed scheme, using a 400 MHz OFDM signal with subcarriers modulated using 256 QAM and on a commercial 64-elements beamforming array, was able to maintain the EVM below 2% across the full steering range. This solution, however, failed to maintain the ACPR below -45 dBc. The effect of tapering on the load modulation and the array nonlinearity is also analysed. The measurement results using different tapers are used to validate the theory and the simulation results. Using tapering, the ACPR and EVM variation before and after DPD were minimized versus steering angles. For instance, using taper setting 2, the ACPR and EVM are maintained below -46 dBc and 1% from -38° to 45° and below -42.3 dBc and 1.8% from -45° to 45° respectively. Better results are measured when tapering is used in conjunction with the proposed generalized DPD scheme. In that case, the ACPR is improved from -35.5 to at worst -46.4 dBc and at best -50 dBc and the EVM is improved from at worst 4.5% to at worst 1.2% and at best 0.85%. The EVM is also maintained below 0.95% from -39° to 45°.

Download or read book Millimeter wave Wafer Scale Phased Arrays and Wireless Communication Circuits and Systems in SiGe and CMOS Technology written by Woorim Shin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a W-band wafer-scale phased array transmitter with high efficiency on-chip antennas. The 4x4 phased array is based on an RF beamforming architecture with an equiphase distribution network and 2-bit phase shifters placed in every element. The differential on-chip antennas are implemented using a 100 um thick quartz superstrate and have an efficiency of ~45% at 110 GHz. The use of electromagnetically coupled antenna leads to wafer-scale phased array concept with simple integration method. The phased array transmitter is implemented in 0.18 [mu]m SiGe BiCMOS process, and the measurement shows an array gain of 26.5 dB, pattern directivity of 17.0 dBi, maximum EIRP of 23-25 dBm at 108-114 GHz. The direct pattern measurement from the phased array transmitter shows beam steering capabilities up to plus/minus ±30° in two orthogonal directions. This is the first demonstration of wafer-scale phased array in silicon technology. Millimeter-wave circuit components in 45nm SOI CMOS technology are also presented. Transmission-line based D-band common-source and cascode amplifers are designed with the peak gain of 8.7 dB at 147 GHz and 6.1 dB at 171 GHz, respectively. The experimental characterization of the technology shows that on-chip passive elements has low-quality factor, and it can offset performance advantage of the active devices. A 60 GHz active phased shifter with quadrature all-pass filter shows -4 dB insertion gain with

Download or read book Coupling based Wideband Digital Phased Array Calibration Techniques written by Adam Edward Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phased Arrays for Radio Astronomy Remote Sensing and Satellite Communications written by Karl F. Warnick and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-26 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover a modern approach to the analysis, modeling and design of high sensitivity phased arrays. Network theory, numerical methods and computational electromagnetic simulation techniques are uniquely combined to enable full system analysis and design optimization. Beamforming and array signal processing theory are integrated into the treatment from the start. Digital signal processing methods such as polyphase filtering and RFI mitigation are described, along with technologies for real-time hardware implementation. Key concepts from interferometric imaging used in radio telescopes are also considered. A basic development of theory and modeling techniques is accompanied by problem sets that guide readers in developing modeling codes that retain the simplicity of the classical array factor method while incorporating mutual coupling effects and interactions between elements. Combining current research trends with pedagogical material suitable for a first-year graduate course, this is an invaluable resource for students, teachers, researchers, and practicing RF/microwave and antenna design engineers.