Download or read book Why Have Some Indian States Done Better Than Others at Reducing Rural Poverty written by Gaurav Datt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Why Have Some Indian States Done Better Than Others at Reducing Rural Poverty written by Martin Ravallion and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: April 1996 Experience in India suggests that reducing rural poverty requires both economic growth (farm and nonfarm) and human resource development. The unevenness of the rise in rural living standards in the various states of India since the 1950s allowed Datt and Ravallion to study the causes of poverty. They modeled the evolution of average consumption and various poverty measures using pooled state-level data for 1957 - 91. They found that poverty was reduced by higher agricultural yields, above-trend growth in nonfarm output, and lower inflation rates. But these factors only partly explain relative success and failure in reducing poverty. Initial conditions also mattered. States that started the period with better infrastructure and human resources -- with more intense irrigation, greater literacy, and lower infant mortality rates -- had significantly greater long-term rates of consumption growth and poverty reduction. By and large, the same variables that promoted growth in average consumption also helped reduce poverty. The effects on poverty measures were partly redistributive in nature. After controlling for inflation, Datt and Ravallion found that some of the factors that helped reduce absolute poverty also improved distribution, and none of the factors that reduced absolute poverty had adverse impacts on distribution. In other words, there was no sign of tradeoffs between growth and pro-poor distribution. This paper -- a product of the Poverty and Human Resources Division, Policy Research Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to understand the causes of poverty in developing countries and the implications for public policy. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under research project Poverty in India: 1951 - 92 (RPO 677-82).
Download or read book Why Have Some Indian States Done Better than Others at Reducing Rural Poverty written by Martin Ravallion and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experience in India suggests that reducing rural poverty requires both economic growth (farm and nonfarm) and human resource development.The unevenness of the rise in rural living standards in the various states of India since the 1950s allowed Datt and Ravallion to study the causes of poverty.They modeled the evolution of average consumption and various poverty measures using pooled state-level data for 1957 - 91.They found that poverty was reduced by higher agricultural yields, above-trend growth in nonfarm output, and lower inflation rates. But these factors only partly explain relative success and failure in reducing poverty.Initial conditions also mattered. States that started the period with better infrastructure and human resources - with more intense irrigation, greater literacy, and lower infant mortality rates - had significantly greater long-term rates of consumption growth and poverty reduction.By and large, the same variables that promoted growth in average consumption also helped reduce poverty. The effects on poverty measures were partly redistributive in nature. After controlling for inflation, Datt and Ravallion found that some of the factors that helped reduce absolute poverty also improved distribution, and none of the factors that reduced absolute poverty had adverse impacts on distribution.In other words, there was no sign of tradeoffs between growth and pro-poor distribution.This paper - a product of the Poverty and Human Resources Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to understand the causes of poverty in developing countries and the implications for public policy. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under research project Poverty in India: 1951 - 92 (RPO 677-82).
Download or read book Why Have Some Indian States Performed Better Than Others at Reducing Rural Poverty written by Gaurav Datt and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Globalization and Poverty written by Ann Harrison and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world’s population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of—or in spite of—globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization’s perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both international trade and poverty to provide a detailed view of the effects of globalization on the poor in developing nations, answering such questions as: Do lower import tariffs improve the lives of the poor? Has increased financial integration led to more or less poverty? How have the poor fared during various currency crises? Does food aid hurt or help the poor? Poverty, the contributors show here, has been used as a popular and convenient catchphrase by parties on both sides of the globalization debate to further their respective arguments. Globalization and Poverty provides the more nuanced understanding necessary to move that debate beyond the slogans.
Download or read book Rural Poverty in Developing Countries written by Mr.Mahmood Hasan Khan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2001-03-14 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews causes of poverty in rural areas and presents a policy framework for reducing rural poverty, including through land reform, public works programs, access to credit, physical and social infrastructure, subsidies, and transfer of technology. Identifies key elements for drafting a policy to reduce rural poverty.
Download or read book Perspectives on Poverty in India written by The World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-04-13 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines India s experience with poverty reduction in a period of rapid economic growth. Marshalling evidence from multiple sources of survey data and drawing on new methods, the book asks how India s structural transformation - from rural to urban, and from agriculture to nonfarm sectors - is impacting poverty. Our analysis suggests that since the early 1990s, urban growth has emerged as a much more important driver of poverty reduction than in the past. We focus in particular on the role of small and medium size conurbations in India, both as the urban sub-sector in which urban poverty is overwhelmingly concentrated, and as a sub-sector that could potentially stimulate rural-based poverty reduction. Second, in rural areas, we focus on the nature of intersectoral transformation out of agriculture into the nonfarm economy. Stagnation in agriculture has been accompanied by dynamism in the nonfarm sector, but there is much debate about whether the growth seen has been a symptom of agrarian distress or a source of poverty reduction. Finally, alongside the accelerating economic growth and the highly visible transformation that is occurring in India s major cities, inequality is on the rise. This is raising concern that economic growth in India has by-passed significant segments of the population. The third theme on social exclusion asks if, despite the dramatic growth, historically grounded inequalities along lines of caste, tribe and gender have persisted. This book would be of interest for policymakers, researchers, non-governmental organizations, and international agencies from India and abroad--who wish to know more about India s experience of the last two decades in reducing poverty.
Download or read book Rural Poverty in Developing Countries written by Mr. Mahmood Hasan Khan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2000-04-01 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In most developing countries, poverty is more widespread and severe in rural than in urban areas. The author reviews some important aspects of rural poverty and draws key implications for public policy. He presents a policy framework for reducing poverty, taking into account the functional differences and overlap between the rural poor. Several policy options are delineated and explained, including stable management of the macroeconomic environment, transfer of assets, investment in and access to the physical and social infrastructure, access to credit and jobs, and provision of safety nets. Finally, some guideposts are identified for assessing strategies to reduce rural poverty.
Download or read book Poverty and Policy written by Michael Lipton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Is India s Economic Growth Leaving the Poor Behind written by Gaurav Datt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: There has been much debate about how much India's poor have shared in the economic growth unleashed by economic reforms in the 1990s. Datt and Ravallion argue that India has probably maintained its 1980s rate of poverty reduction in the 1990s. However, there is considerable diversity in performance across states. This holds some important clues for understanding why economic growth has not done more for India's poor. India's economic growth in the 1990s has not been occurring in the states where it would have the most impact on poverty nationally. If not for the sectoral and geographic imbalance of growth, the national rate of growth would have generated a rate of poverty reduction that was double India's historical trend rate. States with relatively low levels of initial rural development and human capital development were not well-suited to reduce poverty in response to economic growth. The study's results are consistent with the view that achieving higher aggregate economic growth is only one element of an effective strategy for poverty reduction in India. The sectoral and geographic composition of growth is also important, as is the need to redress existing inequalities in human resource development and between rural and urban areas. This paper"a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group"is part of a larger effort in the department to better understand the relationship between economic growth and poverty. The authors may be contacted at gdatt@@worldbank.org or mravallion@@worldbank.org.
Download or read book The Water Energy and Food Security Nexus written by M. Dinesh Kumar and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-05 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is becoming increasingly recognized that for the optimal sustainable development and use of natural resources, an integrated approach to water management, agriculture, food security and energy is required. This "nexus" is now the focus of major attention by researchers, policy-makers and practitioners. In this book, the authors show how these issues are being addressed in India as part of its economic development, and how these can provide lessons for other developing nations. They address the conflicting claims of water resources for irrigation and hydropower, where both are scarce at the national level for fostering water and energy security. They also consider the relationship between water for irrigated agriculture and household use and its impact on rural poverty. They identify weaknesses in the current hydropower development programme in India that are preventing it from being an ecologically sustainable, socially just and economically viable solution to meeting growing energy demand. The empirical analyses presented show the enormous scope for co-management of water, energy, agricultural growth and food security through appropriate technological interventions and market instruments.
Download or read book Are Low Food Prices Pro poor written by M. Ataman Aksoy and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: There is a general consensus that most of the poor in developing countries are net food buyers and food price increases are bad for the poor. This could be expected of urban poor, but it is also often attributed to the rural poor. Recent food price increases have increased the importance of this issue, and the possible policy responses to these price increases. This paper examines the characteristics of net food sellers and buyers in nine low-income countries. Although the largest share of poor households are found to be net food buyers, almost 50 percent of net food buyers are marginal net food buyers who would not be significantly affected by food price increases. Only three of the nine countries examined exhibited a substantial proportion of vulnerable households. The average incomes (as measured by expenditure) of net food buyers were found to be higher than net food sellers in eight of the nine countries examined. Thus, food price increases, ceteris paribus, would transfer income from generally higher income net food buyers to poorer net food sellers. The analysis also finds that the occupations and income sources of net sellers and buyers in rural areas are significantly different. In rural areas where food production is the main activity and where there are limited non-food activities, the incomes of net buyers might depend on the incomes and farming activities of net food sellers. These results suggest the need for reevaluation of the consensus on the impact of food prices on food needs. Further work on the regional differences, and more important, on the second order effects, are necessary to answer these questions more precisely. Only on the basis of further analysis can we start generating better policy responses.
Download or read book Pathways Out of Poverty During and Economic Crisis an Empirical Assessment of Rural Indonesia written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reforming Institutions in Water Resource Management written by Lin Crase and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-09-02 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As water scarcities increase, nations throughout the world are in search of better institutions to manage water resources. India has been making substantial efforts to develop its water management systems since independence and significant increases in irrigated agriculture have taken place through both public and private initiatives. However, scarcities are increasing and major problems presently confront the management of water resources and irrigated agriculture. Resolving these problems is crucial for the future. The main purpose of this book is to provide a new approach for the analysis and design of water institutions that govern the use and development of water resources, particularly for agriculture which is the largest user. Drawing on the theory of New Institutional Economics and comparisons with Australia (as a developed country) and other less developed nations in Africa and Asia, the authors present original empirical data from three Indian states. Detailed analysis of these data is used to identify and recommend attributes and features of water management institutions that are conducive to effective resource management, its long-term success, and its best contribution to development.
Download or read book Biofuels and Rural Poverty written by Joy Clancy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-17 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuels and Rural Poverty makes an original contribution to the current controversial global debate on biofuels, in particular the consequences that large-scale production of transport fuel substitutes can have on rural areas, principally in developing countries but also in some poor rural areas of developed countries. Three key concerns are examined from a North-South perspective: ecological issues (related to land use and biodiversity), pro-poor policies (related to food and land security, gender and income generation) and equity of benefits within the global value chain. Can biofuels be pro-poor? Can smallholder farmers be equitably integrated in the biofuels global supply chain? Is the biofuels production chain detrimental to biodiversity? Most other books available on biofuels take a technical approach and are aimed at addressing energy security or climate change issues. This title focuses on the socio-economic impacts on rural people's livelihoods, offering a unique perspective on the potential role of biofuels in reducing rural poverty.
Download or read book India s Emerging Economy written by Kaushik Basu and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essays by leading academics, policymakers, and industrialists examine India's economic success in the late 1990s. India's economy over the last decade looks in many ways like a success story; after a major economic crisis in 1991, followed by bold reform measures, the economy has experienced a rapid economic growth rate, more foreign investment, and a boom in the information technology sector. Yet many in the country still suffer from crushing poverty, and social and political unrest remains a problem. These essays by leading academics, policymakers, and industrialists -- including one by Amartya Sen, the 1998 winner of the Nobel Prize in economics for his work on poverty and inequality -- examine the facts of India's recent economic successes and their social and cultural context. India's rate of economic growth after the 1991 reforms were instituted reached a remarkable 7 percent for three consecutive years, from 1994 to 1997. Several contributors to India's Emerging Economy ask what this means for the nation as a whole. In his essay "Democracy and Secularism in India," Amartya Sen argues that economic progress is not the only way to measure a nation's performance. Other essays examine the actual effect India's economic growth has had on reducing poverty and recommend policies to empower the poor. Essays also address such issues as globalization and the vulnerabilities and opportunities it creates, India's experience with monetary and fiscal reform, the rapid growth of the information technology sector (including a case study of India's software industry), and India's grassroots economy.
Download or read book India in a Globalising World written by Rokkam Radhakrishna and published by Academic Foundation. This book was released on 2006 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chennamaneni H. Hanumantha Rao, b. 1929, Indian economist; revised version of papers presented at a seminar held at Hyderabad, during 16-17 November 2004.
