Download or read book What Do Options Have to Do with it Including Information from the Options Market in the Bid Ask Spread Decomposition written by David Michayluk and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a cross-market model to extend Huang and Stoll (1997) by utilizing information from trade flows in the options market. Empirical tests reveal a significant increase in the estimated adverse information component. This increase is observed irrespective of the degree of option leverage. Further, intraday variation in stock bid-ask spread components are affected by the stock trade size and the extent of imbalance in information-based option trades. Including information from the options market enhances the estimation of the stock bid-ask spread decomposition.

Download or read book The nature of informed option trading Evidence from the takeover market written by Marco Klapper and published by Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag). This book was released on 2014-02-01 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the kind of information ‘informed’ traders have prior to a takeover announcement using options of target firms and elaborates on the cross-sectional relationship between options and stocks around takeover announcements. Financial markets are driven by information and by individuals that generate, process, and disclose this information to the market. Naturally, there have to be individuals who possess more information about a firm or a future event than other market participants. Mergers and acquisitions are particularly interesting events in this regard because they can have significant implications for the firms and stakeholders involved, as well as for the competitive dynamics in the respective market. Because of the large potential price impact of such transactions, traders with private information about a prospective takeover are expected to trade on this information to make a profit. But who are these ‘informed traders’ and what kind of information do they possess? This study tries to give a respond to this question.

Download or read book Modeling the Impacts of Market Activity on Bid ask Spreads in the Option Market written by Young-Hye Cho and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we examine the impact of market activity on the percentage bid-ask spreads of S & P 100 index options using transactions data. We propose a new market microstructure theory which we call derivative hedge theory, in which option market percentage spreads will be inversely related to the option market maker's ability to hedge his positions in the underlying market, as measured by the liquidity of the latter market. In a perfect hedge world, spreads arise from the illiquidity of the underlying market, rather than from inventory risk or informed trading in the option market itself. We find option market volume is not a significant determinant of option market spreads. This finding leads us to question the use of volume as a measure of liquidity and supports the derivative hedge theory. Option market spreads are positively related to spreads in the underlying market, again supporting our theory. However, option market duration does affect option market spreads, with very slow and very fast option markets both leading to bigger spreads. The fast market result would be predicted by the asymmetric information theory. Inventory model predicts big spreads in slow markets. Neither result would be observed if the underlying securities market provided a perfect hedge. We interpret these mixed results as meaning that the option market maker is able to only imperfectly hedge his positions in the underlying securities market. Our result of insignificant options volume casts doubt on the price discovery argument between stock and option market (Easley, O'Hara, and Srinivas (1998)). Asymmetric information costs in either market are naturally passed to the other market maker's hedgeing and therefore it is unimportant where the informed traders trade.

Download or read book Understanding Options written by Michael Sincere and published by Michael Sincere. This book was released on 2006-09-22 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This straightforward, accessible guide clearly explains what options are and how they work, their pros and cons, their relationship with stocks, and how to use them to gain leverage, generate extra income, and protect against adverse price movements.

Download or read book Vertical Option Spreads written by Charles Conrick, IV and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-09-04 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Make trades on vertical options spreads with the precision of a laser beam Vertical Options Spreads is a combination of a bona-fide academic research-based study and a complete method to trade credit and debit spreads, along with other complex option combination trades such as iron condors and butterflies. Here, the author has accumulated five years of daily data on the ETF, SPY and provided historical evidence of actual win rates at specific multiples of entry points, both in time and price level. For example, traders will be able to use the weekly options, pick a level of risk and return desired, learn how to place the trade, and then discover the actual percent return that the trade would have yielded. This must-have resource includes the basics of option trading and contains references to many excellent works by other authors that explore more about the intricacies of option mechanics and trading. It is far more than an analysis of one specific asset, SPY, featuring a study of probability theory and how it has applied to trading over the past five years, including the highly volatile 2007 to 2009 time frame and the more "normal" 2010 to 2012 time period. The book offer a thorough understanding of how price movement, actual volatility, and implied volatility all provide a complex but workable web in which the informed trader can generate excellent returns. However, the trader must have the discipline to act within the confines of probability and the "law" of large numbers refusing to place trades based on gut feelings or hunches. Offers high-probability based trading that uses the new weekly options Contains handy interactive worksheets that allow traders to select their own risk/return with precision Includes a website with daily and weekly information on the estimate of the actual standard deviation points on the price spectrum Vertical Options Spreads offers traders a research-based guide for trading Standard & Poors 500 ETF, SPY using historic and estimated probabilities and returns that will give them an edge in the marketplace.

Download or read book The Complete Book of Option Spreads and Combinations written by Scott Nations and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-10-08 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a handle on option spreads to hike profit and squash loss The Complete Book of Option Spreads and Combinations is the definitive educational resource and reference guide for using option spreads and other common sense option strategies. This useful guide shows readers how to select the right strategy for their market outlook and risk/reward comfort level by describing the inner workings of each strategy and how they are affected by underlying market movements, implied volatility, and time decay. Even more importantly, readers will understand where each strategy performs well, and the market conditions where each should be avoided. Once the proper strategy is selected, readers will learn how to identify the best options to use based on "moneyness" and time to expiration. The companion website features tools including an option pricing tool and implied volatility calculator to help all traders implement these concepts effectively. There are many different types of spreads, and while less risky than other option strategies in general, they are more complex, with more variables to monitor. This guide serves as a handbook for the trader wanting to exploit options to the greatest possible benefit. Generate monthly income by selling covered strangles Use call spreads to recover from a losing stock position Protect an existing stock position using put diagonals Discover the best strategies for directional market plays Option spreads are a great tool for traders who would rather be an option seller but who need to limit their risk. The Complete Book of Option Spreads and Combinations identifies those strategies that benefit from option erosion but that limit risk. If managed properly, spreads can provide both novice and experienced investors with the potential for a large return while limiting risk. Electronic trading platforms and reduced brokerage commissions have increased option spread trading, which should occupy a spot in every savvy investor's toolkit. Comprehensive and authoritative, The Complete Book of Option Spreads and Combinations provides a valuable manual and lasting reference.

Download or read book Modeling the Impacts of Market Activity on Bid Ask Spreads in the Option Market written by Young-Hye Cho and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we examine the impact of market activity on the percentage bid-ask spreads of Samp;P 100 index options using transactions data. We propose a new market microstructure theory which we call derivative hedge theory, in which option market percentage spreads will be inversely related to the option market maker's ability to hedge his positions in the underlying market, as measured by the liquidity of the latter market. In a perfect hedge world, spreads arise from the illiquidity of the underlying market, rather than from inventory risk or informed trading in the option market itself. We find option market volume is not a significant determinant of option market spreads. This finding leads us to question the use of volume as a measure of liquidity and supports the derivative hedge theory. Option market spreads are positively related to spreads in the underlying market, again supporting our theory. However, option market duration does affect option market spreads, with very slow and very fast option markets both leading to bigger spreads. The fast market result would be predicted by the asymmetric information theory. Inventory model predicts big spreads in slow markets. Neither result would be observed if the underlying securities market provided a perfect hedge. We interpret these mixed results as meaning that the option market maker is able to only imperfectly hedge his positions in the underlying securities market. Our result of insignificant options volume casts doubt on the price discovery argument between stock and option market (Easley, O'Hara, and Srinivas (1998)). Asymmetric information costs in either market are naturally passed to the other market maker's hedgeing and therefore it is unimportant where the informed traders trade.

Download or read book The Volatility Edge in Options Trading written by Jeff Augen and published by FT Press. This book was released on 2008-01-17 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Jeff’s analysis is unique, at least among academic derivatives textbooks. I would definitely use this material in my derivatives class, as I believe students would benefit from analyzing the many dimensions of Jeff’s trading strategies. I especially found the material on trading the earnings cycle and discussion of how to insure against price jumps at known events very worthwhile.” —DR. ROBERT JENNINGS, Professor of Finance, Indiana University Kelley School of Business “This is not just another book about options trading. The author shares a plethora of knowledge based on 20 years of trading experience and study of the financial markets. Jeff explains the myriad of complexities about options in a manner that is insightful and easy to understand. Given the growth in the options and derivatives markets over the past five years, this book is required reading for any serious investor or anyone in the financial service industries.” —MICHAEL P. O’HARE, Head of Mergers & Acquisitions, Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. “Those in the know will find this book to be an excellent resource and practical guide with exciting new insights into investing and hedging with options.” —JIM MEYER, Managing Director, Sasqua Field Capital Partners LLC “Jeff has focused everything I knew about options pricing and more through a hyper-insightful lens! This book provides a unique and practical perspective about options trading that should be required reading for professional and individual investors.” —ARTHUR TISI, Founder and CEO, EXA Infosystems; private investor and options trader In The Volatility Edge in Options Trading, leading options trader Jeff Augen introduces breakthrough strategies for identifying subtle price distortions that arise from changes in market volatility. Drawing on more than a decade of never-before-published research, Augen provides new analytical techniques that every experienced options trader can use to study historical price changes, mitigate risk, limit market exposure, and structure mathematically sound high-return options positions. Augen bridges the gap between pricing theory mathematics and market realities, covering topics addressed in no other options trading book. He introduces new ways to exploit the rising volatility that precedes earnings releases; trade the monthly options expiration cycle; leverage put:call price parity disruptions; understand weekend and month-end effects on bid-ask spreads; and use options on the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) as a portfolio hedge. Unlike conventional guides, The Volatility Edge in Options Trading doesn’t rely on oversimplified positional analyses: it fully reflects ongoing changes in the prices of underlying securities, market volatility, and time decay. What’s more, Augen shows how to build your own customized analytical toolset using low-cost desktop software and data sources: tools that can transform his state-of-the-art strategies into practical buy/sell guidance. An options investment strategy that reflects the markets’ fundamental mathematical properties Presents strategies for achieving superior returns in widely diverse market conditions Adaptive trading: how to dynamically manage option positions, and why you must Includes precise, proven metrics and rules for adjusting complex positions Effectively trading the earnings and expiration cycles Leverage price distortions related to earnings and impending options expirations Building a state-of-the-art analytical infrastructure Use standard desktop software and data sources to build world-class decision-making tools

Download or read book Volatility Uncertainty Time Decay and Option Bid Ask Spreads in an Incomplete Market written by PeiLin Billy Hsieh and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper documents the fact that in options markets, the (percentage) implied volatility bid-ask spread increases at an increasing rate as the option's maturity date approaches. To explain this stylized fact, this paper provides a market microstructure model for the bid-ask spread in options markets. We first construct a static equilibrium model to illustrate the aforementioned phenomenon where risk averse and competitive option market makers quote bid and ask prices to minimize their inventory risk in an incomplete market with both directional and volatility risk. We extend this model to multi-periods and show that the same phenomenon occurs there as well. Two new implications are generated: a volatility level effect and a volatility variance effect. These implications are empirically tested, and the empirical results confirm the model's validity. Finally, we document the importance of de-trending the maturity effect by showing that the de-trended percentage volatility spread explains future jump intensities better than the original percentage volatility spread.

Download or read book High Probability Option Credit Spreads written by Dan Passarelli and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2013-09-16 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Annals volume presents four scholarly meeting reports: (1) Application of combined omics platforms to accelerate biomedical discovery in diabesity; (2) Prioritizing health disparities in medical education to improve care; (3) The paradox of overnutrition in aging and cognition; and vitamin D: beyond bone. Diabesity has become a popular term to describe the specific form of diabetes that develops late in life and is associated with obesity. While there is a correlation between diabetes and obesity, the association is not universally predictive. Defining the metabolic characteristics of obesity that lead to diabetes, and how obese individuals who develop diabetes different from those who do not, are important goals. The use of large-scale omics analyses (e.g., metabolomic, proteomic, transcriptomic, and lipidomic) of diabetes and obesity may help to identify new targets to treat these conditions. This report discusses how various types of omics data can be integrated to shed light on the changes in metabolism that occur in obesity and diabetes. Despite yearly advances in life-saving and preventive medicine, as well as strategic approaches by governmental and social agencies and groups, significant disparities remain in health, health quality, and access to health care within the United States. The determinants of these disparities include baseline health status, race and ethnicity, culture, gender identity and expression, socioeconomic status, region or geography, sexual orientation, and age. In order to renew the commitment of the medical community to address health disparities, particularly at the medical school level, we must remind ourselves of the roles of doctors and medical schools as the gatekeepers and the value setters for medicine. Within those roles are responsibilities toward the social mission of working to eliminate health disparities. This effort will require partnerships with communities as well as with academic centers to actively develop and to implement diversity and inclusion strategies. Besides improving the diversity of trainees in the pipeline, access to health care can be improved, and awareness can be raised regarding population-based health inequalities. Populations of many countries are becoming increasingly overweight and obese, driven largely by excessive calorie intake and reduced physical activity; greater body mass is accompanied by epidemic levels of comorbid metabolic diseases. At the same time, individuals are living longer. The combination of aging and the increased prevalence of metabolic disease is associated with increases in aging-related comorbid diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular dementia, and sarcopenia. Here, correlative and causal links between diseases of overnutrition and diseases of aging and cognition are explored. In recent years, vitamin D has been received increased attention due to the resurgence of vitamin D deficiency and rickets in developed countries and the identification of extraskeletal effects of vitamin D, suggesting unexpected benefits of vitamin D in health and disease, beyond bone health. The possibility of extraskeletal effects of vitamin D was first noted with the discovery of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in tissues and cells that are not involved in maintaining mineral homeostasis and bone health, including skin, placenta, pancreas, breast, prostate and colon cancer cells, and activated T cells. However, the biological significance of the expression of the VDR in different tissues is not fully understood, and the role of vitamin D in extraskeletal health has been a matter of debate. This report summarizes recent research on the roles for vitamin D in cancer, immunity and autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular and respiratory health, pregnancy, obesity, erythropoiesis, diabetes, muscle function, and aging. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632

Download or read book Option Bid Ask Spread and Scalping Risk written by Giovanni Petrella and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops and empirically tests a simple market microstructure model to capture the main determinants of option bid-ask spread. The model is based on option market making costs (initial hedging, rebalancing, and order processing costs), and incorporates a reservation bid-ask spread that option market makers apply to protect themselves from scalpers. The model is tested on a sample of covered warrants, which are optionlike securities issued by banks, traded on the Italian Stock Exchange. The empirical analysis validates the model. The initial cost of setting up a delta neutral portfolio has been found to be an important determinant of option bid-ask spread, as well as rebalancing costs to keep the portfolio delta neutral. This result provides evidence of a further link between options and underlying assets: the spread of the option is positively related to the spread of its underlying asset. Empirical evidence also indicates that the reservation bid-ask spread, computed as the product of option delta and underlying asset tick, plays a very important role in explaining the bid-ask spread of options.

Download or read book Competition Market Structure and Bid Ask Spreads in Stock Option Markets written by Stewart Mayhew and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effects of competition and market structure on the bid-ask spreads for stock options traded on the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) between 1986 and 1997. Options listed on multiple exchanges are found to have narrower spreads than those listed on a single exchange, but the difference is smaller for effective spreads than quoted spreads, and the effect diminishes as option volume increases. Option spreads become wider when a competing exchange delists the option. Options traded under a quot;Designated Primary MarketMakerquot; (DPM) are found to have narrower quoted spreads than those traded in a traditional open outcry crowd. Effective spreads are found to be slightly narrower under the DPM than in the crowd, but only since 1992, and only on low-volume options.

Download or read book The Behavior of Bid Ask Spreads and Volume in Options Markets During the Competition for Listings in 1999 written by Patrick de Fontnouvelle and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In August 1999, U.S. exchanges began to compete directly for order flow in many options that had been exclusively listed on another exchange, shifting 37 percent of option volume to multiple-listing status by the end of September. Effective and quoted bid-ask spreads decrease significantly after multiple listing with spreads generally maintaining their initial lower levels one year later. These results hold for both time series and pooled regressions and are robust. We reject that economies of scale in market making cause the decrease in spreads and support the view that inter-exchange competition reduces option transaction costs.

Download or read book Options Markets written by John C. Cox and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1985 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes the first published detailed description of option exchange operations, the first published treatment using only elementary mathematics and the first step-by-step procedure for implementing the Black-Scholes formula in actual trading.

Download or read book Transaction Costs in Options Trading written by Ulrich Strohmeier and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Option Market Liquidity written by Melanie Cao and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the option market liquidity using Ivy DB's OptionMetrics data. We establish convincing evidence of commonality for various liquidity measures based on the bid-ask spread, volumes and price impact. The commonality remains strong even after controlling for the underlying stock market's liquidity and other liquidity determinants such as volatility. Smaller firms and firms with a higher volatility exhibit stronger commonalities in option liquidity. Aside from commonality, we also uncover several other important properties of the option market's liquidity. First, information asymmetry plays a much more dominant role than inventory risk as a fundamental driving force of liquidity. Changes in options' bid-ask spread and volume are found to be positively correlated, consistent with the notion that informed traders trade in the option market (Black, 1975; Easley, O'Hara and Srinivas, 1998; and Pan and Poteshman, 2006) and that market makers infer information from the volume and protect themselves by widening the spread in reaction to an increase in the trading volume (Easley and O'Hara, 1992; and Kim and Verrecchia, 1994). Second, the market-wide option liquidity is closely linked to the underlying stock market's movements. This is manifested in two aspects. For one, options' liquidity responds asymmetrically to upward and downward market movements. For instance, the proportional bid-ask spread of call options decreases in up markets and increases in down markets. For another, call and put options react to the same market movement to different extents, with calls reacting more in up markets and puts reacting more in down markets.

Download or read book Information Asymmetry Effect and FX Options Bid Ask Spreads written by Alfred H.S. Wong and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the information asymmetry effect on bid-ask spreads of dollar-euro currency options traded in over-the-counter market. We use a composite indicator of systemic stress (CISS) as a proxy for the information asymmetry effect and find that the impact of CISS on bid-ask spread is positive and significant during volatile periods when traders are asymmetrically informed. Further, for options with maturities of less than six months, we also find a positive significant relationship between bid-ask spreads and the ECB's monetary policy announcements, suggesting informed option trading before, during and after such announcements. For longer-dated options, our result suggests that the information asymmetry effect is less pronounced in the bid-ask spreads. These results are confirmed using the Glosten and Milgrom (1985) model.