Download or read book What Do Firms Know What Do They Produce A New Look at the Relationship Between Patenting Profiles and Patterns of Product Diversification written by Giovanni Dosi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work we analyze the relationship between the patterns of firm diversification, if any, across product lines and across bodies of innovative knowledge, proxied by the patent classes where the firm is present. Putting it more emphatically we investigate the relationship between "what a firm does" and "what a firm knows". Using a newly developed dataset matching information on patents and products at the firm level, we provide evidence concerning firms' technological and product scope, their relationships, the size-scaling and coherence properties of diversification itself. Our analysis shows that typically firms are much more diversified in terms of products than in terms of technologies, with their main products more related to the exploitation of their innovative knowledge. The scaling properties show that the number of products and technologies increase log-linearly with firm size. And the directions of diversification themselves display coherence between neighboring activities also at relatively high degrees of diversification. These findings are well in tune with a capability-based theory of the firm.
Download or read book Trademarks and Their Role in Innovation Entrepreneurship and Industrial Organization written by Carolina Castaldi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-06-14 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trademarks are the most widely used intellectual property right by companies worldwide. Their strategic importance is increasing, as reputational assets become more relevant for companies than ever, in national and global markets. Trademarks also represent key tools for companies to profit from innovation and can make the difference for start-ups and entrepreneurial firms by allowing them to gain legitimacy and fostering fund raising from investors. This book Trademarks and Their Role in Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Industrial Organization takes stock of the emerging academic research on how companies use trademarks. It collects a rich set of contributions from several research perspectives and disciplines and proposes an integrated view bridging different levels of analysis: individual, firm, industry, and country level. Specifically, the book combines an industrial organization, innovation, and entrepreneurship perspective to understand why, when and with what effects entrepreneurs, innovators, and firms use trademarks. The book is targeted toward academic readers to gain a better understanding of the emerging and interdisciplinary field of trademark research as well as interested practitioners from the area of intellectual property (IP) management and policy-making. The chapters in this book were originally published in Industry and Innovation.
Download or read book The Foundations of Complex Evolving Economies written by Giovanni Dosi and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-06-20 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Foundations of Complex Evolving Economies seeks to offer an integrated analysis of the anatomy and physiology of the capitalist engine of generation and exploitation of technological organizational and institutional innovations - from the drivers of knowledge accumulation, to the modes in which such knowledge is incorporated into business firms, all the way to the processes of innovation-driven “Schumpeterian competition” and macroeconomic growth. In that, it advances the interpretation of such patterns, in terms of economies seen as complex evolving systems. The basic objects of analysis are the history of the emergence and development of modern capitalist economies and their current functionings. Indeed , the tall ambition of the book is to address two basic questions at the core of the whole economic discipline since its inception. They regard, first, the drivers and patterns of change of the capitalistic machine of production and innovation and, second, the mechanisms of coordination among a multitude of self-seeking economic agents often characterized by conflicting interests. In order to do that, this Manual, in addition to the nature of technology and innovation, considers from a profoundly alternative perspective, all domains of analysis typically addressed (or not) by microeconomic texts, including micro behaviours, the theory of the firm, the theory of production, consumption patterns, market dynamics, and industrial evolution.
Download or read book Patent Portfolio Deployment Bridging The R d Patent And Product Markets written by Shang-jyh Liu and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-01-11 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patents are powerful weapons in a company's legal arsenal, with both defensive and offensive capabilities. Patents protect a company's innovation from potential infringers, while at the same time support the company's efforts to exploit their innovation commercially in the global marketplace. This book explores the role of patents in today's knowledge economy. We discuss how patents have become a valuable commodity and have a lucrative market of their own. However, to profit from patent monetization, this Patent market must be closely linked to the R&D market and the Product Market.This book offers a systematic approach to patent deployment to maximize profits beginning with data collection from patent, journal and business sources. Readers will be guided through analyses of the patent landscape to identify traps and opportunities for commercialization. This book argues that patents must be aggregated into portfolios to maximize their effectiveness and value in the modern economy. With strong patent portfolios, companies can be engaged in licensing and more sophisticated business models like forming patent alliances and collaborating with IP intermediaries. Finally, the book will provide an overview of the various ways of valuing patents and suggest some simplified approaches for management to value the company's patents.
Download or read book Innovation and Its Discontents written by Adam B. Jaffe and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-27 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States patent system has become sand rather than lubricant in the wheels of American progress. Such is the premise behind this provocative and timely book by two of the nation's leading experts on patents and economic innovation. Innovation and Its Discontents tells the story of how recent changes in patenting--an institutional process that was created to nurture innovation--have wreaked havoc on innovators, businesses, and economic productivity. Jaffe and Lerner, who have spent the past two decades studying the patent system, show how legal changes initiated in the 1980s converted the system from a stimulator of innovation to a creator of litigation and uncertainty that threatens the innovation process itself. In one telling vignette, Jaffe and Lerner cite a patent litigation campaign brought by a a semi-conductor chip designer that claims control of an entire category of computer memory chips. The firm's claims are based on a modest 15-year old invention, whose scope and influenced were broadened by secretly manipulating an industry-wide cooperative standard-setting body. Such cases are largely the result of two changes in the patent climate, Jaffe and Lerner contend. First, new laws have made it easier for businesses and inventors to secure patents on products of all kinds, and second, the laws have tilted the table to favor patent holders, no matter how tenuous their claims. After analyzing the economic incentives created by the current policies, Jaffe and Lerner suggest a three-pronged solution for restoring the patent system: create incentives to motivate parties who have information about the novelty of a patent; provide multiple levels of patent review; and replace juries with judges and special masters to preside over certain aspects of infringement cases. Well-argued and engagingly written, Innovation and Its Discontents offers a fresh approach for enhancing both the nation's creativity and its economic growth.
Download or read book An Analysis of the Relationship of New Product Diversification to the Marketing Function in Selected Firms written by Thomas H. Krigbaum and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multinationals Technology and Competitiveness RLE International Business written by John H. Dunning and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-11-26 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores some aspects of the interface between technology, competitiveness and the role of multinational enterprises in the world economy. This group of essays stresses the role of asset creation and usage, rather than reliance on natural factor endowments as a basis for national competitiveness and examines the role of multinational enterprises as vehicles for technological transfer, and the efficient co-ordination of economic activity across national boundaries.
Download or read book Long Run Trends in Patenting written by John J. Beggs and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the patenting in the U.S. from its origins in 1790 up to 1980. The prime intent was to identify relationships between patenting and the rate of industrial development, and to further look for any regular cyclical patterns in the time series of patents themselves. To this end, detailed records were gathered on annual patenting, along with key descriptive data on industry structure for a sample of twenty industries for the period 1850 through 1940. In general the correlations between changes in the rate of patenting and changes in industry characteristics are small. A tentative conclusion is that the rate of change in patenting may move inversely with the rate of change in value added. This leads the author to speculate on a "defensive R&D hypothesis" which may reflect strongly the choice of sample industries. The industries in the study were in existence in 1850 and managed to ward off challenges from other new industries so as to still be in existence in 1940. At each new challenge from a new product or a foreign competitor these industries have attempted to protect their existing capital stock by upgrading the production process and final product. While these changes do not normally represent major technological advances they are of a "tinkering" variety which are likely to produce large numbers of patents. A spectral analysis of the 190 year time series of patents issued suggests that the rate of change of this variable might be characterized as a moving average process with lags at five and eight years. An interpretation of this result is offered, along with caution against over interpretation
Download or read book The Fifth Trimester written by Lauren Smith Brody and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2017-04-04 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Packed with honest, funny, and comforting advice—“a book you MUST read if you are returning to work after the birth of a child…. I loved it and you will too.” —New York Times bestselling author Lois P. Frankel, Ph.D. The first three trimesters (and the fourth—those blurry newborn days) are for the baby, but the Fifth Trimester is when the working mom is born. A funny, tells-it-like-it-is guide for new mothers coping with the demands of returning to the real world after giving birth, The Fifth Trimester contains advice from 800 moms, including: •The boss-approved way to ask for flextime (and more money!) •How to know if it’s more than “just the baby blues” •How to pump breastmilk on an airplane (or, if you must, in a bathroom) •What military science knows about working through sleep deprivation •Your new sixty-second get-out-of-the-house beauty routine •How to turn your commute into a mini–therapy session •Your daycare tour or nanny interview, totally decoded
Download or read book Patents to Products written by David Argente and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the relationship between patents and actual product innovation in the market, and how this relationship varies with firms' market share. We use textual analysis to create a new data set that links patents to products of firms in the consumer goods sector. We find that patent filings are positively associated with subsequent product innovation by firms, but at least half of product innovation and growth comes from firms that never patent. We also find that market leaders use patents differently from followers. Market leaders have lower product innovation rates, though they rely on patents more. Patents of market leaders relate to higher future sales above and beyond their effect on product innovation, and these patents are associated with declining product introduction on the part of competitors, which is consistent with the notion that market leaders use their patents to limit competition. We then use a model to analyze the firms' patenting and product innovation decisions. We show that the private value of a patent is particularly high for large firms as patents protect large market shares of existing products.
Download or read book Does Strategic Patenting Threaten Innovation And What Could Happen If it Did written by Bernard Girard and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent buyouts of Nortel's patent portfolios by a consortium including Microsoft, Apple and Sony and Motorola Mobility's by Google have focused attention on the role of intellectual property (IP) in business strategies. IP changed a lot these last fifteen years. New patent-eligible subject matters (biotechnology, software) and regulatory developments in the United States have since the mid-80s led to a rapid growth of patenting, to a fast raise of patents's value but also to the deterioration of their average quality. It also led to the massive use of Strategic Patenting by firms. These developments contributed to the rise of the prices of intangible assets and goodwill that represent today 80% of the value of the top S&P 500. Globalization, network organizations and generalized subcontracting can explain part of an evolution that could have a significant impact on the pace and direction of innovation. These changes create barriers to new entrants, divert R & D budgets from research and bring major uncertainty to new entrants who never know whether they infringe a patent or not. Universities that file patents may neglect basic research while firms that indulge in strategic patenting spend an increasing proportion of their R&D effort in legal expenses and defensive strategies. Last but not least, these changes could create dangerous speculative bubbles. In short, they could slow the pace of innovation and harm those industries that innovate the most. To counter these dangers, economists recommend the establishment of more efficient markets for patents and licences. In their views, the Silicon Valley could be the center of this market, since that is where operate most specialized operators, brokers and intermediaries. But is it the solution? Can we build an efficient market with intangible assets that cannot be properly priced without inviting speculation? These proposals to establish a market are in line with the standard economic theory that explains that the protection granted to the inventor is an incentive to invest in the search of new processes. For its advocates, more patents means more innovation. But this view is regularly disputed by entrepreneurs who do not care to apply for patents (too expensive, too time consuming) and by economists and sociologists who insist instead on the role of information flows from one entrepreneur to the other. The advocates of an efficient patent market forget that overprotecting IP is not the only solution to promote innovation. They also forget that this market as we know it today was initially created by changes in its regulations in the US. It is the governments that define and give ownership rights to intangible assets, patents or trademarks. Regulations change from one country to the other. And what is good for America is not necessarily good for others. European and Asian governments could look at other ways to stimulate innovation. Rather than move towards the imitation of the American model, they should remember that there can be no progress without a free flow of ideas.
Download or read book The Impact of Patenting on New Product Introductions in the Pharmaceutical Industry written by Stuart J.H Graham and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Comanor and Scherer (1969), researchers have been using patents as a proxy for new product development. In this paper, we reevaluate this relationship by using novel new data. We demonstrate that the relationship between patenting and new FDA-approved product introductions has diminished considerably since the 1950s, and in fact no longer holds. Moreover, we also find that the relationship between R&D expenditures and new product introductions is considerably smaller than previously reported. While measures of patenting remain important in predicting the arrival of product introductions, the most important predictor is the loss of exclusivity protection on a current product. Our evidence suggests that pharmaceutical firms are acting strategically with respect to new product introductions. Finally, we find no relationship between firm size and new product introductions.
Download or read book DNA Profiling written by Isabelle Denervaud and published by Pearson Education France. This book was released on 2011 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores an organic vision of company innovation, through an analogy with DNA and its four nitrogenous bases. Like all living organisms, a company has the fundamental "genetic" bases of its ability to innovate. This DNA mutates under both environmental influences and evolutionary factors allowing a company to develop new patterns of behaviour. At the dawn of the 21st century, the result of this process is the emergence of what we could call the hyperconnected company. Through this ongoing metaphor, the book provides decision-makers with several paths along which to increase their ability to innovate, taking advantage of genetic bases such as their own factors of change. The study is based on observations made of large companies, for whom innovation is an absolute imperative. It alternates theoretical analyses with concrete illustrations, and spotlights innovation leaders such as: Louis Vuitton, 3M, Bouygues Telecom, BNP Paribas, Siemens, Danone, Air Liquide, to name but a few.
Download or read book Research in the Sociology of Organizations Professional service firms written by Michael Lounsbury and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Working Mother written by and published by . This book was released on 2001-10 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The magazine that helps career moms balance their personal and professional lives.
Download or read book Working Mother written by and published by . This book was released on 2001-10 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The magazine that helps career moms balance their personal and professional lives.
Download or read book Billboard written by and published by . This book was released on 1984-12-15 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its 114th year, Billboard remains the world's premier weekly music publication and a diverse digital, events, brand, content and data licensing platform. Billboard publishes the most trusted charts and offers unrivaled reporting about the latest music, video, gaming, media, digital and mobile entertainment issues and trends.
