Download or read book Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Wind Structure and Structure Changes written by Michael Robert Fisher and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subjective and objective analyses of near-surface winds are utilized to estimate tropical cyclone (TC) size over a region of the western North Pacific. An empirical outer wind profile assuming partial conservation of angular momentum is utilized to determine the radial extent of cyclonic winds, which may be defined as the TC size in four categories. The first method uses the radii of either 3O-kt or 35-kt wind in the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) warnings during 1989-1994 to estimate the size categories each 6 h. A second subjective method based on satellite imagery has more cases of large and midget TCs than the first method. A multi-quadric interpolation (MQI) of composited wind observations over +/- 12 h is tested as a more objective method of estimating the 30-kt or 35-kt wind radii. For two case studies, these MQI-derived size estimates generally agree with the first method, although the MQI values varied more in time depending on the data distribution. It is concluded that a combination of the second and third methods could provide supporting data for estimating the outer wind profiles for the JTWC wind warnings.
Download or read book Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Wind Structure and Structure Changes written by Michael Robert Fisher and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subjective and objective analyses of near-surface winds are utilized to estimate tropical cyclone (TC) size over a region of the western North Pacific. An empirical outer wind profile assuming partial conservation of angular momentum is utilized to determine the radial extent of cyclonic winds, which may be defined as the TC size in four categories. The first method uses the radii of either 3O-kt or 35-kt wind in the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) warnings during 1989-1994 to estimate the size categories each 6 h. A second subjective method based on satellite imagery has more cases of large and midget TCs than the first method. A multi-quadric interpolation (MQI) of composited wind observations over +/- 12 h is tested as a more objective method of estimating the 30-kt or 35-kt wind radii. For two case studies, these MQI-derived size estimates generally agree with the first method, although the MQI values varied more in time depending on the data distribution. It is concluded that a combination of the second and third methods could provide supporting data for estimating the outer wind profiles for the JTWC wind warnings.
Download or read book Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Formation and Structure Change in TCS 08 and TCS 08 Field Experiment Support written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-term goal of this project is to develop a better understanding of mesoscale and synoptic-scale processes associated with the entire life cycle of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific. The inability to correctly identify tropical cyclone formation over the period of 24-48 hours poses a threat to shore and afloat assets across the western North Pacific. Furthermore, once a tropical cyclone has formed, the predictability of structure changes during intensification of the cyclone is very low, which is due to complex physical processes that vary over a wide range of space and time scales. Periods of reduced predictability occur throughout the tropical cyclone life cycle, which includes the decaying stage. Because decaying tropical cyclones often transition to a fast-moving and rapidly-developing extratropical cyclone that may contain gale-, storm-, or hurricane-force winds, there is a need to improve understanding and prediction of the extratropical transition phase of a decaying tropical cyclone. The structural evolution of the transition from a tropical to extratropical circulation involves rapid changes to the wind, cloud, and precipitation patterns that potentially impact maritime and shore-based facilities. The research being conducted on the comprehensive data sets gathered during the TCS-08 field program will result in increased accuracy associated with the prediction of tropical cyclone formation, intensification, and structural changes.
Download or read book Tropical cyclone intensity and structure changes Theories observations numerical modeling and forecasting written by Eric Hendricks and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-09-29 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Varying Structure and Intensity Change Characteristics of Four Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones written by Cecilia A. Askue and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observational case studies of four tropical cyclones (Ellis, Hope, Judy, and Roger) from birth to decay are made using a variety of data sources from the First GARP Global Experiment (FGGE) year (1979). Each of these cyclones had uniquely different characteristics. Two became supertyphoons, one only a weak typhoon, and one only a tropical storm with a strong outer circulation. Two recurved, and two did not recurve. Information was derived from a combination of European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) large scale objective analyses, Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) Guam manual analyses, National Climatic Center (NCC) analyses published by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), United States Air Force (USAF) aircraft reconnaissance data, and U.S. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) military satellite imagery. The combination of these rich data sources allowed a quantitative description of both large and small scale features. Emphasis is placed on cyclone structure and intensity change. Quantitative assessments of the varying relationships between inner and outer radii wind parameters are made. Preliminary results show the importance of the large scale (radius greater than seven degrees) environment in determining cyclone genesis and the importance of upper tropospheric outflow patterns in determining cyclone inner-core intensity change.
Download or read book Global Perspectives on Tropical Cyclones written by Johnny C. L. Chan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pt. I. Theory of tropical cyclones. ch. 1. Tropical cyclone structure and dynamics / Jeffrey D. Kepert. ch. 2. Tropical cyclone formation / Kevin J. Tory and William M. Frank. ch. 3. Air-sea interactions in tropical cyclones / Lynn K. Shay. ch. 4. Movement of tropical cyclones / Johnny C.L. Chan. ch. 5. The extratropical transition of tropical cyclones : structural characteristics, downstream impacts, and forecast challenges / Patrick A. Harr -- pt. II. Observations of tropical cyclones. ch. 6. Observing and analyzing the near-surface wind field in tropical cyclones / Mark D. Powell. ch. 7. Satellite observations of tropical cyclones / Christopher Velden and Jeffrey Hawkins. ch. 8. Aircraft observations of tropical cyclones / Sim D. Aberson [und weitere] -- pt. III. Climate variations of tropical cyclone activity. ch. 9. Tropical cyclones and climate change : a review / Thomas Knutson, Chris Landsea and Kerry Emanuel -- pt. IV. Forecasting of tropical cyclones. ch. 10. Track and structure forecasts of tropical cyclones / Julian Heming and Jim Goerss. ch. 11. The influence of natural climate variability on tropical cyclones, and seasonal forecasts of tropical cyclone activity / Suzana J. Camargo [und weitere] -- pt. V. Hydrological aspects of tropical cyclones. ch. 12. Storm surge modeling and applications in coastal areas / Shishir K. Dube [und weitere] -- pt. VI. Societal impacts of tropical cyclones. ch. 13. Disaster mitigation and societal impacts / David King, Jim Davidson and Linda Anderson-Berry
Download or read book El Ni o Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate written by Michael J. McPhaden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive and up-to-date information on Earth’s most dominant year-to-year climate variation The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has major worldwide social and economic consequences through its global scale effects on atmospheric and oceanic circulation, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and other natural systems. Ongoing climate change is projected to significantly alter ENSO's dynamics and impacts. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate presents the latest theories, models, and observations, and explores the challenges of forecasting ENSO as the climate continues to change. Volume highlights include: Historical background on ENSO and its societal consequences Review of key El Niño (ENSO warm phase) and La Niña (ENSO cold phase) characteristics Mathematical description of the underlying physical processes that generate ENSO variations Conceptual framework for understanding ENSO changes on decadal and longer time scales, including the response to greenhouse gas forcing ENSO impacts on extreme ocean, weather, and climate events, including tropical cyclones, and how ENSO affects fisheries and the global carbon cycle Advances in modeling, paleo-reconstructions, and operational climate forecasting Future projections of ENSO and its impacts Factors influencing ENSO events, such as inter-basin climate interactions and volcanic eruptions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the editors.
Download or read book Extratropical Cyclones written by Chester Newton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-22 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is composed of 12 review papers invited for the Palmen Memorial Symposium on Extratropical Cyclones held in Helsinki, Finland, 29 August - 2 September 1988. To celebrate the 90th anniversary of the birth of Professor Erik Palmén, this symposium was organized to give a state-of-the-art picture of research on the structure and dynamics of extratropical cyclones, a topic which Palmén pioneered during the era of advances in aerological analysis. This symposium was organized by the Geophysical Society of Finland and the American Meteorological Society in cooperation with the Danish, Norwegian and Swedish Geophysical Societies. Extratropical Cyclones offers state-of-the-art information on extratropical cyclones, and recent findings by European and American authorities in various subject areas. The first two chapters discuss Palmen's works on cyclones and his early general circulation concepts. The ten chapters following chronicle the advances in understanding cyclones; the theory, structure, and physical processes of cyclones; orographic cyclogenesis; and more. Extratropical Cyclones also contains synoptic case analyses, modeling results, examples of the phenomena discussed, and abundant references. While particular aspects are emphasized in the individual contributions, the book as a whole summarizes the major features of various kinds of extratropical cyclones based on observational analyses, theory and numerical experimentation. This volume is of interest to researchers in dynamic and synoptic meteorology, climatology and mesometeorology, as well as in numerical modeling and weather forecasting. It is also useful for meteorology courses at graduate and upper undergraduate levels.
Download or read book Tropical Cyclone Intensity Analysis Using Satellite Data written by Vernon F. Dvorak and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis and Synthesis of Hurricane Wind Patterns Over Lake Okeechobee Florida written by Robert W. Schloemer and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural Changes and Convective Processes in Tropical Cyclones as Seen in Infrared and Water Vapor Satellite Data written by Caitlin Marie Fine and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the western North Pacific Ocean, tropical cyclone (TC) hazards, including strong winds, storm surge, high waves, and heavy rainfall, threaten archipelagos, densely crowded coastlines, and naval forces ashore and afloat. To accurately forecast TC track and intensity, meteorologists at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) must start from a thorough understanding of the TC's current structure. To accomplish this mission, they rely heavily upon satellite observations, particularly measurements in the water vapor (WV) and infrared (IR) channels on geostationary satellites. Therefore, it is critical to develop products that identify key TC structures in geostationary satellite data and track them over time, as these data are often the only real-time information available to the forecasters. This project examined satellite brightness temperatures in the WV and IR channels in 5 typhoon-strength TCs during the 2012 season to first identify the eye, eyewall, and regions of deep convection, and then to investigate the evolution of those features over time. The eye was defined in this study from the storm center out to the location of the minimum second derivative of IR brightness temperatures. The eyewall, which contains the strongest winds and deepest convective clouds, was divided into lower, middle, and upper sections using IR and WV brightness temperatures. Eyewall slope was calculated between the break points of the eyewall using brightness temperatures and radial distance. The IR brightness temperatures in the upper eyewall were found to be moderately negatively correlated to TC intensity. Eyewall slope, particularly in the region of the steep IR Tb gradient that included the lower eyewall, was also found to be moderately negatively correlated to TC intensity." -- Abstract.
Download or read book Intensity Changes of Tropical Storms and Typhoons of the Western North Pacific Ocean written by Samson Brand and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the problems of concern to the tropical cyclone forecaster is forecasting the future intensity (maximum wind) of tropical cyclones. The purpose of this report is to familiarize the forecaster with the geographic and seasonal variations of tropical cyclone intensity changes based on 25 years of tropical storm and typhoon data. Intensity changes for 12, 24, and 48 hours have been examined and the results are presented. The data used for this study were extracted from a history file of tropical storms and typhoons of the western North Pacific from 1945-1969.
Download or read book Landfalling tropical cyclones physical processes forecasting and impacts written by Yihong Duan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-12-29 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intensity Changes of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Ocean During 1960 1969 written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Six-hourly observations containing 18 parameters of tropical storms and typhoons in the western north Pacific Ocean during the period 1960 through 1969 were examined. The data were composited into four periods: before and after maximum intensity for East-West moving storms, and before and after recurvature for recurving storms. Monthly and seasonal variations of tropical cyclone intensity, speed of movement and size were examined. Correlation coefficients of the 18 tropical storm and typhoon parameters were computed for each of the four composited periods of study. (Author).
Download or read book Intensity Changes of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Ocean During 1960 1969 written by Kenneth Raymond Liechty and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Six-hourly observations containing 18 parameters of tropical storms and typhoons in the western north Pacific Ocean during the period 1960 through 1969 were examined. The data were composited into four periods: before and after maximum intensity for East-West moving storms, and before and after recurvature for recurving storms. Monthly and seasonal variations of tropical cyclone intensity, speed of movement and size were examined. Correlation coefficients of the 18 tropical storm and typhoon parameters were computed for each of the four composited periods of study. (Author).
Download or read book A Multiscale Study of Tropical Cyclone Formation Structure Change and Predictability in the Western North Pacific Region and TCS08 Experiment Support written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overarching objectives of this research project are to obtain an improved understanding of the formation, predictability and structure change of tropical cyclones in the Western Pacific region. During the second year of this project multiple cases have been analyzed in support of the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS08) field campaign. Because of space constraints, only a brief summary of these extensive results is presented here.
Download or read book A Technique for Predicting Surface Wind Distributions of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific written by Ted L. Tsui and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate initial estimates and forecasts of radii of winds over 30 kt and 50 kt around tropical cyclones are important requirements for Navy decision-making and operations. This report describes a diagnostic study of tropical cyclone surface wind distribution that was conducted by using data extracted from tropical cyclone warnings issued by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Guam, during the period 1966-77. Results from two different data analyses show that: (1) The tangential wind speed along the radial axis decreases exponentially outward from the radius of maximum wind; (2) In addition to persistence, the change of a tropical cyclone's size depends only on the change of the maximum wind; and (3) The asymmetric shape of the isotachs correlates highly to the speed of movement. Based on these findings, a statistical wind-radius forecast model was formulated and tested on independent 1979 data. Results show that a time lag exists between the change of maximum wind and the change of wind radii, which suggests that the wind-pressure gradient adjustments may originate from the inner core of the storm and slowly propagate outward. The results also indicate that the statistical forecast model possesses a skill equal to that of an average JTWC forecaster's wind radius forecast. (Author).
