EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

Book WebGPU Shader Language Development

Download or read book WebGPU Shader Language Development written by Kenwright and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2024-05-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the vast landscape of graphics programming, shaders play a pivotal role in crafting stunning visual experiences across various platforms. Whether you're a seasoned developer looking to delve into the intricacies of WebGPU or a newcomer eager to explore the world of shader programming, this book serves as your comprehensive companion. With a focus on practicality, each chapter is crafted to provide you with a clear understanding of vertex, fragment, and compute shaders, empowering you to unleash your creativity and bring your ideas to life. Within these pages, you'll find a treasure trove of step-by-step examples and minimal working coding samples. From data manipulation and matrix multiplications to to captivating image effects, like ambient occlusion, ray-tracing and dynamic particle systems. The breadth of topics covered caters to a diverse range of interests and skill levels. Whether you aspire to create breathtaking visual effects, optimize compute performance, or simply deepen your understanding of shader development, this book offers invaluable insights and hands-on guidance every step of the way.

Book Practical WebGPU Graphics

Download or read book Practical WebGPU Graphics written by Jack Xu and published by UniCAD. This book was released on 2021-06-11 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WebGPU is the next-generation graphics API and future web standard for graphics and compute, aiming to provide modern 3D graphics and computation capabilities with the GPU acceleration. This book provides all the tools you need to help you create advanced 3D graphics and GPU computing on the web with this new WebGPU API. The book starts by taking you through the WebPack-TypeScript template for building the WebGPU apps and then shows you the WebGPU basics, shader program, GPU buffer, and rendering pipeline. Next, you will learn how to create primitives and simple objects in WebGPU. As you progress through the chapters, you will get to grips with advanced WebGPU topics, including 3D transformation, lighting calculation, colormaps, and textures. At the same time, you will learn how to create advanced 3D WebGPU objects, including various 3D wireframes, 3D shapes, simple and parametric 3D surfaces with colormaps and textures, as well as 3D surface plots and fractal graphics described by complex functions. In addition, you will explore new WebGPU features, such as compute shader and storage buffer, and how to use them to simulate large particle systems. By the end of this book, you will have the skill you need to build your own GPU-accelerated graphics and computing on the web with the WebGPU API. The book includes: - Template based on WebPack and TypeScript for developing WebGPU apps. - WebGPU basics, GLSL and WGSL shaders, and rendering pipeline. - Create primitives and simple shapes in WebGPU. - 3D transformations, model, viewing, projection, and various coordinate systems. - GPU buffers, uniform buffer objects, animation, and camera controls. - Normal vectors, lighting model, ambient, diffuse, and specular light calculations. - UV coordinates, texture mapping.- Color model, colormaps, and color interpolation. - Create 3D shapes, wireframes, surfaces, and 3D charts. - Create 3D plots and fractal graphics using complex functions. - Compute shaders, storage buffers, and large particle system simulation.

Book WebGPU Fundamentals

Download or read book WebGPU Fundamentals written by Jack Xu and published by UniCAD. This book was released on 101-01-01 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WebGPU Fundamentals: A Beginner's Guide to Web Graphics Programming Are you ready to take your web graphics to the next level? Look no further than WebGPU Fundamentals, a step-by-step tutorial that will equip you with all the tools you need to create basic 2D and 3D graphics in your web applications. With this eBook, you will discover how to: · Set up the WebGPU development environment. · Design an array of basic graphics objects, from simple primitives to complex 3D shapes with wireframes and MSAA, including cubes, spheres, cylinders, and tori. · Use the cutting-edge WebGPU graphics API, even if you have minimal experience in advanced graphics development. The author has simplified the learning process by breaking down the concepts of WebGPU into easy-to-understand steps. This book is ideal for beginners who want to learn the basics of WebGPU graphics programming and experienced developers seeking to expand their knowledge of this powerful API. What you will learn: · The fundamentals of WebGPU, including setting up the development environment and creating basic graphics objects · How to use the included npm package, webgpu-simplified, to streamline your coding experience · Different aspects of WebGPU graphics programming, such as WGSL shaders, GPU buffers, render pipelines, render passes, and 3D transformations · Creating basic primitives with topologies like triangle-list and triangle-strip · Crafting basic 3D shapes like cubes, spheres, cylinders, and tori Who this book is for: · Beginners looking to grasp the basics of WebGPU graphics programming. · Experienced developers egger to expand their WebGPU knowledge. · Anyone interested in creating 3D graphics in web applications. Get started today and learn how to create stunning web graphics with WebGPU!

Book WebGPU and Compute Shaders for Real Time Graphics

Download or read book WebGPU and Compute Shaders for Real Time Graphics written by Jack Xu and published by UniCAD. This book was released on 101-01-01 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WebGPU and Compute Shaders for Real-Time Graphics – A Practical Guide to Web-Based GPU Acceleration Unleash the limitless potential of next-generation web graphics development with WebGPU and compute shaders. WebGPU, a cutting-edge graphics API, is transforming the web landscape. It offers an array of features that surpass WebGL, including compute shaders and storage buffers. These innovations unlock new horizons for crafting ultra-responsive, high-performance web experiences, ideal for real-time data visualization, scientific simulations, machine learning, web games, and more. This eBook is your definitive guide to mastering WebGPU and compute shaders. It starts by covering the basics of WebGPU, including shaders, buffers, and pipelines. Then, it dives into the more advanced topics of compute shaders and storage buffers. Finally, it provides real-world examples of how to use WebGPU and compute shaders to create stunning real-time web graphics. What you'll learn: · The basics of WebGPU and Compute Shaders. · How to use compute shaders to render simple 3D surfaces. · How to use compute shaders to render Parametric 3D surfaces. · How to use compute shaders to render 3D super shapes. · How to use storage buffers to store large amounts of data on the GPU. Who this book is for: · Web developers eager to elevate their proficiency in crafting high-performance web graphics. · Graphics enthusiasts keen to explore the latest real-time graphics technologies. · Tech explorers who want to be at the forefront of web development innovation. Empower your journey in web graphics: WebGPU and Compute Shaders for Real-Time Graphics is your passport to shaping the future of web-based 3D graphics. Whether you're a web developer, a graphics enthusiast, a game developer, or a tech explorer, this eBook is the perfect resource for you. Order your copy today and start creating stunning real-time web graphics like never before!

Book The WebGPU Sourcebook

    Book Details:
  • Author : Matthew Scarpino
  • Publisher : CRC Press
  • Release : 2024-10-02
  • ISBN : 1040124763
  • Pages : 385 pages

Download or read book The WebGPU Sourcebook written by Matthew Scarpino and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-10-02 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WebGPU Sourcebook: High-Performance Graphics and Machine Learning in the Browser explains how to code web applications that access the client’s graphics processor unit, or GPU. This makes it possible to render graphics in a browser at high speed and perform computationally intensive tasks such as machine learning. By taking advantage of WebGPU, web developers can harness the same performance available to desktop developers. The first part of the book introduces WebGPU at a high level, without graphics theory or heavy math. The chapters in the second part are focused on graphical rendering and the rest of the book focuses on compute shaders. This book walks through several examples of WebGPU usage. It also: Discusses the classes and functions defined in the WebGPU API and shows how they’re used in practice Explains the theory of graphical rendering and shows how to implement rendering inside a web application Examines the theory of neural networks (machine learning) and shows how to create a web application that trains and executes a neural network

Book WebGPU and WGSL by Example

Download or read book WebGPU and WGSL by Example written by Kenwright and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2024-03-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WebGPU and WGSL by Example: Fractals, Image Effects, Ray-Tracing, Procedural Geometry, 2D/3D, Particles, Simulations aims to be your guide to harnessing the power of modern web graphics technologies for creating stunning visual effects, simulations, and interactive experiences on the web. The web is evolving at a rapid pace, and with the advent of WebGPU and WGSL (WebGPU Shading Language), web developers now have access to a low-level, high-performance graphics API and a modern shading language tailored specifically for the web platform. These technologies open up a world of possibilities for pushing the boundaries of what's achievable in web-based graphics and simulations. In this book, we'll dive deep into practical examples that demonstrate the capabilities of WebGPU and WGSL. From generating intricate fractal patterns to simulating dynamic particle systems, from crafting lifelike image effects to implementing real-time ray tracing, we'll explore a wide range of topics, each accompanied by hands-on examples and detailed explanations. Whether you're a seasoned web developer looking to expand your skills into the realm of advanced graphics programming or a newcomer eager to explore the possibilities of web-based visual computing, this book has something for you. Each chapter is designed to be accessible yet informative, guiding you through the process of implementing complex graphics techniques in a clear and concise manner. At the end of this book, you'll have a solid understanding of how to leverage WebGPU and WGSL to create stunning visual experiences that run seamlessly in modern web browsers. Whether you're building interactive data visualizations, immersive games, or cutting-edge web applications, the knowledge and skills gained from this book will empower you to push the boundaries of web graphics and unlock new creative possibilities.

Book Practical Shader Development

Download or read book Practical Shader Development written by Kyle Halladay and published by Apress. This book was released on 2019-04-10 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It’s time to stop thinking that shaders are magical. You can use shaders to turn data into stunning visual effects, and get your hands dirty by building your own shader with this step-by-step introduction to shader development for game and graphics developers. Learn how to make shaders that move, tint, light up, and look awesome, all without cracking open a math textbook. Practical Shader Development teaches the theory behind how shaders work. The book also shows you how to apply that theory to create eye-popping visual effects. You’ll learn to profile and optimize those effects to make sure your projects keep running quickly with all their new visuals. You’ll learn good theory, good practices, and without getting bogged down in the math. Author Kyle Halladay explains the fundamentals of shader development through simple examples and hands-on experiments. He teaches you how to find performance issues in shaders you are using and then how to fix them. Kyle explains (and contrasts) how to use the knowledge learned from this book in three of the most popular game engines today. What You'll LearnUnderstand what shaders are and how they work Get up to speed on the nuts and bolts of writing vertex and fragment shaders Utilize color blending and know how blend equations work Know the coordinate spaces used when rendering real-time computer graphics Use simple math to animate characters, simulate lights, and create a wide variety of visual effects Find and fix performance problems in shaders See how three popular game engines (Unity, UE4, Godot) handle shaders Who This Book Is For Programmers who are interested in writing their own shaders but do not know where to start, anyone who has ever seen shader code on a forum and wished they knew how to modify it just a little bit to fit into their own projects, and game developers who are tired of using the default shaders found in the game engines they are using. The book is especially useful for those who have been put off by existing shader tutorials which introduce complex math and graphics theory before ever getting something on the screen.

Book WebGPU by Examples   Learn and Explore Next Generation Web Graphics and Compute API

Download or read book WebGPU by Examples Learn and Explore Next Generation Web Graphics and Compute API written by Jack Xu and published by UniCAD. This book was released on 2023-05-10 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are you ready to take your web graphics to the next level? Look no further than "WebGPU by Examples". This comprehensive guide equips you with all the tools you need to create stunning 3D graphics in your web applications with the help of GPU acceleration. With this book, you will discover how to design an array of 3D graphics, from basic shapes like cubes, spheres, cylinders, and tori to intricate 3D graphics like wireframes, simple and parametric surfaces, supershapes, implicit surfaces, procedural terrains, volcanoes, Minecraft, voxel terrains, text rendering, and complex function visualization, as well as particle systems made using compute shaders. The author has simplified the learning process by breaking down the concepts of WebGPU, the cutting-edge graphics API for the Web, so even those with minimal experience can grasp the fundamentals of advanced graphics development. This book includes: - Introduce a starter template for graphics programming with WebGPU. - Create basic 3D shapes like cube, sphere, cylinder, torus, etc. - Design intricate 3D surface graphics such as wireframes, simple and parametric 3D surfaces, and procedural terrains. - Simulate light and shadow using different models, including point, directional, and spot light. - Implement physical-based rendering lighting methods to create realistic graphics. - Apply colormap and texture techniques to 3D surfaces. - Generate 3D surfaces and super shapes using compute shaders for improving performance. - Construct marching cubes for generating 3D implicit surfaces, metaballs, and voxel terrains. - Visualize complex functions using 3D plots and domain coloring. - Create particle systems for 3D graphics applications. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced developer, this book is the ideal resource to help you design a wide range of graphics applications in WebGPU. So, are you ready to explore next-generation web graphics and compute API? Start your journey with "WebGPU by Examples" today!

Book WebGPU Marching Cubes

Download or read book WebGPU Marching Cubes written by Jack Xu and published by UniCAD. This book was released on 101-01-01 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WebGPU Marching Cubes – A Practical Guide to Creating Implicit 3D Surfaces and Metaballs using WebGPU and Compute Shaders Welcome to the future of web graphics development! WebGPU Marching Cubes is an immersive eBook that takes a practical approach to learning WebGPU, the next-generation graphics API currently under development by the W3C GPU for the Web Community Group. This comprehensive resource equips you with the tools you need to make your web projects visually stunning, whether you're a seasoned developer or just starting out. Inside, you'll unlock the secrets to creating implicit 3D surfaces and mesmerizing metaballs on the web, all using the power of the new WebGPU graphics API. We've simplified the learning process by breaking down WebGPU concepts, ensuring that even beginners with minimal experience can grasp the fundamentals of advanced graphics development. Inside this book, you'll explore: - How to use the marching cubes algorithm to create intricate 3D surfaces - How to harness the power of compute shaders to enhance your 3D graphics in web applications - A complete guide to implicit 3D surface generation in WebGPU, with comprehensive sample code listings - Hands-on learning opportunities with example programs that allow you to explore the 3D graphics techniques explained in the book WebGPU Marching Cubes is your gateway to unlocking the full potential of WebGPU and bringing breathtaking 3D graphics to your web applications. Whether you aspire to create immersive game environments, interactive data visualizations, or stunning web designs, this book will set you on the path to success. Join the ranks of forward-thinking web developers who are embracing the future of graphics with WebGPU. Get your copy today and embark on a journey that will elevate your web development skills to new heights. Your audience will thank you for the visually stunning experiences you'll create.

Book Shader

    Book Details:
  • Author : Fouad Sabry
  • Publisher : One Billion Knowledgeable
  • Release : 2024-05-13
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 141 pages

Download or read book Shader written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2024-05-13 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is Shader In computer graphics, a shader is a computer program that calculates the appropriate levels of light, darkness, and color during the rendering of a 3D scene, a process known as shading. Shaders have evolved to perform a variety of specialized functions in computer graphics special effects and video post-processing, as well as general-purpose computing on graphics processing units. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Shader Chapter 2: OpenGL Chapter 3: Direct3D Chapter 4: High-Level Shader Language Chapter 5: OpenGL ES Chapter 6: Graphics pipeline Chapter 7: Shading language Chapter 8: Software rendering Chapter 9: OpenGL Shading Language Chapter 10: Computer graphics lighting (II) Answering the public top questions about shader. (III) Real world examples for the usage of shader in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Shader.

Book Metal by Example

    Book Details:
  • Author : Warren Moore
  • Publisher : Hot Metal Press
  • Release : 2015-07-17
  • ISBN : 9780996312301
  • Pages : pages

Download or read book Metal by Example written by Warren Moore and published by Hot Metal Press. This book was released on 2015-07-17 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Rust wgpu Fundamentals

Download or read book Rust wgpu Fundamentals written by Jack Xu and published by UniCAD. This book was released on 101-01-01 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rust wgpu Fundamentals: A Beginner's Guide to Rust Graphics Programming Are you ready to take your Rust graphics to the next level? Look no further than Rust wgpu Fundamentals, a step-by-step tutorial that will equip you with all the tools you need to create basic 2D and 3D graphics in your graphics applications. With this eBook, you will discover how to: · Set up the Rust wgpu development environment. · Design an array of basic graphics objects, from simple primitives to complex 3D shapes with wireframes and MSAA, including cubes, spheres, cylinders, and tori. · Use the cutting-edge Rust wgpu graphics API, even if you have minimal experience in advanced graphics development. The author has simplified the learning process by breaking down the concepts of wgpu into easy-to-understand steps. This book is ideal for beginners who want to learn the basics of Rust wgpu graphics programming and experienced developers seeking to expand their knowledge of this powerful API. What you will learn: · The fundamentals of wgpu, including setting up the development environment and creating basic graphics objects · How to use the included crate, wgpu-simplified, to streamline your coding experience · Different aspects of wgpu graphics programming, such as WGSL shaders, GPU buffers, render pipelines, render passes, and 3D transformations · Creating basic primitives with topologies like line-list, triangle-list, and triangle-strip · Crafting basic 3D shapes like cubes, spheres, cylinders, and tori Who this book is for: · Beginners looking to grasp the basics of Rust wgpu graphics programming. · Experienced developers egger to expand their wgpu knowledge. · Anyone interested in creating 3D graphics in Rust applications. Get started today and learn how to create stunning Rust graphics with wgpu!

Book Practical GPU Graphics with wgpu and Rust

Download or read book Practical GPU Graphics with wgpu and Rust written by Jack Xu and published by UniCAD. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: wgpu is the next-generation graphics API and future standard in Rust for both native devices and the web, aiming to provide modern 3D graphics and computation capabilities using GPU acceleration. This book provides all the tools you need to create advanced 3D graphics and GPU computing in Rust using this new wgpu API. First, this book will take you through the development environment for building wgpu applications in Rust, and then introduce Rust and wgpu basics, shader programs, GPU buffers, and rendering pipelines. Next, you will learn how to create primitives and simple objects in wgpu. As you progress through the chapters, you will get to grips with advanced wgpu topics, including 3D transformations, lighting calculations, colormaps, and textures. At the same time, you will learn how to create advanced 3D wgpu objects, including various 3D wireframes, 3D shapes, and simple and parametric 3D surfaces with colormaps and textures, as well as beautiful 2D and 3D fractal images described by complex functions. In addition, you will explore new wgpu features such as the compute shader and storage buffers, and use them to simulate large particle systems. By the end of this book, you will have the solid skills you need to build your own GPU-accelerated graphics and computing applications on both native devices and the web in Rust with the wgpu API. This book includes: - Development environment and tools for building wgpu apps in Rust. - Rust and wgpu basics, WGSL shaders, and rendering pipeline. - Primitives and simple shapes in wgpu. - 3D transformations, model, viewing, projection, and various coordinate systems. - GPU buffers, uniform buffer objects, animation, and camera controls. - Normal vectors, lighting model, ambient, diffuse, and specular light calculations. - UV coordinates, texture mapping. - Color model, colormaps, and color interpolation. - 3D shapes, wireframes, surfaces, and 3D charts. - 2D and 3D fractal images created in the fragment shader. - Compute shaders, storage buffers, and large particle system simulation.

Book Practical GPU Graphics with wgpu py and Python

Download or read book Practical GPU Graphics with wgpu py and Python written by Jack Xu and published by UniCAD. This book was released on 2022-06-15 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wgpu-py is the next-generation Python graphics API and future standard for both native devices and the web, aiming to provide modern 3D graphics and computation capabilities with the GPU acceleration. This book provides all the tools you need to help you create advanced 3D graphics and GPU computing on native devices with this new wgpu-py API. The book starts by taking you through the wgpu-py development environment for building the wgpu-py apps and then shows you the Python and wgpu-py basics, shader programs, GPU buffers, and rendering pipelines. Next, you will learn how to create primitives and simple objects in wgpu-py. As you progress through the chapters, you will get to grips with advanced wgpu-py topics, including 3D transformation, lighting calculation, colormaps, and textures. At the same time, you will learn how to create advanced 3D wgpu-py objects, including various 3D wireframes, 3D shapes, simple and parametric 3D surfaces with colormaps and textures, as well as beautiful fractal images described by complex functions. You will also explore new wgpu features, such as compute shader and storage buffer, and how to use them to simulate large particle systems. In addition, this book will introduce the pygfx render engine that is based on wgpu-py, and show you how to use its built-in primitives to create various 3D objects. You will also learn how to build custom objects and geometries in pygfx. By the end of this book, you will have the skill you need to build your own GPU-accelerated graphics and computing on both native devices and the web with the wgpu-py API.

Book Clojure for Java Developers

Download or read book Clojure for Java Developers written by Eduardo Díaz and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2016-02-23 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transition smoothly from Java to the most widely used functional JVM-based language – Clojure About This Book Write apps for the multithreaded world with Clojure's flavor of functional programming Discover Clojure's features and advantages and use them in your existing projects The book is designed so that you'll be able put to use your existing skills and software knowledge to become a more effective Clojure developer Who This Book Is For This book is intended for Java developers, who are looking for a way to expand their skills and understand new paradigms of programming. Whether you know a little bit about functional languages, or you are just getting started, this book will get you up and running with how to use your existing skills in Clojure and functional programming. What You Will Learn Understand the tools for the Clojure world and how they relate to Java tools and standards (like Maven) Learn about immutable data structures, and what makes them feasible for everyday programming Write simple multi-core programs using Clojure's core concepts, like atoms, agents and refs Understand that in Clojure, code is data, and how to take advantage of that fact by generating and manipulating code with macros Learn how Clojure interacts with Java, how the class loaders work and how to use Clojure from Java or the other way around Discover a new, more flexible meaning of polymorphism and understand that OOP is not the only way to get it In Detail We have reached a point where machines are not getting much faster, software projects need to be delivered quickly, and high quality in software is more demanding as ever. We need to explore new ways of writing software that helps achieve those goals. Clojure offers a new possibility of writing high quality, multi-core software faster than ever, without having to leave your current platform. Clojure for Java developers aims at unleashing the true potential of the Clojure language to use it in your projects. The book begins with the installation and setup of the Clojure environment before moving on to explore the language in-depth. Get acquainted with its various features such as functional programming, concurrency, etc. with the help of example projects. Additionally, you will also, learn how the tooling works, and how it interacts with the Java environment. By the end of this book, you will have a firm grip on Clojure and its features, and use them effectively to write more robust programs. Style and approach An easy to follow, step-by-step, guide on how to start writing Clojure programs making use of all of its varied features and advantages. As this is a new language, certain new concepts are supported with theoretical section followed by simple projects to help you gain a better understanding and practice of how Clojure works.

Book Graphics programming with GDI  and DirectX

Download or read book Graphics programming with GDI and DirectX written by Alex Polyakov and published by БХВ-Петербург. This book was released on 2005 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a look ahead at some of the most promising innovations in graphics technologies, this guide covers the GDI+ graphical library, the .NET Framework platform, C#, and the DirectX library. Theoretical aspects of graphics, algorithms for solving common problems, and examples of their practical implementation are covered. The support of popular graphic file formats, such as BMP, GIF, TIFF, JPEG, EXI, PNG, ICO, WMF, and EMF, as well as bitmap redrawing with the application of the external alpha channel are discussed. Resizing, stretching, distorting, and rotating bitmaps are addressed in detail, as is gradient filling.

Book Interactive Computer Graphics

Download or read book Interactive Computer Graphics written by Edward Angel and published by Addison Wesley. This book was released on 2000 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graphics systems and models. Graphics programming. Input and interaction. Geometric objects and transformations. Viewing, shading. Implementation of a renderer. Hierarchical and object-oriented graphics ...