Download or read book Lenition and Fortition written by Joaquim Brandão de Carvalho and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-12-18 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are books on tone, coronals, the internal structure of segments, vowel harmony, and a couple of other topics in phonology. This book aims to fill the gap for Lenition and Fortition, which is one of the first phenomena that was addressed by phonologists in the 19th century, and ever since contributed to phonological thinking. It is certainly one of the core phenomena that is found in the phonology of natural language: together with assimilations, the other important family of phenomena, Lenition and Fortition constitute the heart of what phonology can do to sound. The book aims to provide an overall treatment of the question in its many aspects: historical, typological, synchronic, diachronic, empirical and theoretical. Various current approaches to phonology are represented. The book is structured into three parts: 1) properties and behaviour of Lenition/Fortition, 2) lenition patterns in particular languages and language families, 3) how Lenition/Fortition work. Part 1 describes the properties of lenition and fortition: what counts as such? What kind of behaviour is observed? Which factors bear on it (positional, stress-related)? Which role has it played in phonology since (and even before) the 19th century? The everything-you-always-wanted-to-know-about-lenition-and-fortition philosophy that guides the conception of the book supposes a descriptive, generalisation-oriented style of writing that relies on a kind of phonological lingua franca, rather than on theory-laden vocabulary. Also, no prior knowledge other than about general phonological categories should be required when reading through Part 1. The goal is to provide a broad picture of what lenition is, how it behaves, which factors it is conditioned by and what generalisations it obeys. This record may then be used as a yardstick for competing theories. Part 2 presents a number of case studies that show how Lenition/Fortition behave in a number of languages that include systems which are notoriously emblematic for Lenition/Fortition: Celtic, Western Romance, Germanic and Finnish. Finally, Part 3 is concerned with the analysis of the patterns that have been described in Parts 1 and 2. Given their analytic orientation, Part 3 chapters are theory-specific. They look at the same empirical record, or at a subset thereof, and try to explain what they see. Even though Part 3 chapters are couched in a specific theoretical environment that most of the time supposes prior conceptual knowledge, authors have been asked to assure theoretical interoperability as much as they could.
Download or read book Constraints on Patterns of Primary and Secondary Stress written by Laura Wilbur McGarrity and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming CP 2005 written by Peter van Beek and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-10-19 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 11th International Conference on the Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2005) was held in Sitges (Barcelona), Spain, October 1-5, 2005. Information about the conference can be found on the web at http://www.iiia.csic.es/cp2005/.Informationaboutpastconferencesinthe series can be found athttp://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~ai/cp/. The CP conference series is the premier international conference on c- straint programming and is held annually. The conference is concerned with all aspects of computing with constraints, including: algorithms, applications, environments, languages, models and systems. This year, we received 164 submissions. All of the submitted papers received atleastthreereviews, andthepapersandtheirreviewswerethenextensivelyd- cussed during an online Program Committee meeting. As a result, the Program Committee chose 48 (29.3%) papers to be published in full in the proceedings and a further 22 (13.4%)papers to be published as short papers.The full papers werepresentedattheconferencein twoparalleltracksandtheshortpaperswere presented as posters during a lively evening session. Two papers were selected by a subcommittee of the ProgramCommittee--consisting of Chris Beck, Gilles Pesant, and myself--to receive best paper awards. The conference program also includedexcellentinvitedtalksbyHþ ectorGe?ner, IanHorrocks, FrancescaRossi, and Peter J. Stuckey. As a permanent record, the proceedings contain four-page extended abstracts of the invited talks.
Download or read book Nasalization Neutral Segments and Opacity Effects written by Rachel Walker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-21 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores cross linguistic variation in nasalization.
Download or read book Phonological Projection written by Marc van Oostendorp and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-07-11 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The architecture of the human language faculty has been one of the main foci of the linguistic research of the last half century. This branch of linguistics, broadly known as Generative Grammar, is concerned with the formulation of explanatory formal accounts of linguistic phenomena with the ulterior goal of gaining insight into the properties of the 'language organ'. The series comprises high quality monographs and collected volumes that address such issues. The topics in this series range from phonology to semantics, from syntax to information structure, from mathematical linguistics to studies of the lexicon.
Download or read book Information Structure and Agreement written by Victoria Camacho-Taboada and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-30 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection consists of thirteen contributions focusing on the latest trends of information structure and agreement, couched in the most current developments of Minimalism, Cartography, and Optimality. Some chapters focus on the syntax of information structure in relation with the position occupied by different constituents in the CP domain and their interpretation such as the distinction between contrastive and corrective focus; the inclusion of given information in focus; the interplay of information structure and binding; the relative position of complementisers; and discourse-based constituents in the left periphery. Information structure is also analysed with regards to prominence phenomena at word level. Other chapters deal with the notion of agreement and its role in the syntax of specific constructions such as applicatives, correlatives, or different types of CP like relatives or embedded interrogatives. This selection of papers was originally presented at the 21st Colloquium on Generative Grammar, held at the University of Seville in April 2011.
Download or read book Investigations in Prosodic Phonology written by T. A. Hall and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming written by Alan H. Borning and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-10-12 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the proceedings of the Second International Workshop on the Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, held at Rosario, Orcas Island, Washington, USA in May 1994 in cooperation with AAAI and ALP. The volume contains 27 full revised papers selected from 87 submissions as well as a summary of a panel session on commercial applications of constraint programming. The contributions cover a broad range of topics including constraint programming languages, algorithms for constraint satisfaction and entailment, and constraints and their relation to fields such as artificial intelligence, databases, operations research, problem solving, and user interfaces.
Download or read book Handbook of Phonological Development written by Stemberger and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-10-09 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining a collection of data on phonological acquisition with attention to Optimality Theory, this book blends the studies of linguistics, psycholinguistics, and speech-language pathology in reference to phonological development. It also contains an evaluation of competing theories and presents a view of non-linear phonology.
Download or read book Language and Meter written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Language and Meter, Dieter Gunkel and Olav Hackstein unite fifteen linguistic studies on a variety of poetic traditions, including the Homeric epics, the hieratic hymns of the Ṛgveda, the Gathas of the Avesta, early Latin and the Sabellic compositions, Germanic alliterative verse, Insular Celtic court poetry, and Tocharian metrical texts. The studies treat a broad range of topics, including the prehistory of the hexameter, the nature of Homeric formulae, the structure of Vedic verse, rhythm in the Gathas, and the relationship between Germanic and Celtic poetic traditions. The volume contributes to our understanding of the relationship between language and poetic form, and how they change over time.
Download or read book Recent Advances in Constraints written by Brahim Hnich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-05-21 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed and extended post-proceedings of the Joint ERCIM/CoLogNet International Workshop on Constraint Solving and Constraint Logic Programming, CSCLP 2005. The 12 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on global constraints, search and heuristics, language and implementation issues, and modeling.
Download or read book A Beowulf Handbook written by Robert E. Bjork and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most revered work composed in Old English, Beowulf is one of the landmarks of European literature. This handbook supplies a wealth of insights into all major aspects of this wondrous poem and its scholarly tradition. Each chapter provides a history of the scholarly interest in a particular topic, a synthesis of present knowledge and opinion, and an analysis of scholarly work that remains to be done. Written to accommodate the needs of a broad audience, A Beowulf Handbook will be of value to nonspecialists who wish simply to read and enjoy Beowulf and to scholars at work on their own research. In its clear and comprehensive treatment of the poem and its scholarship, this book will prove an indispensable guide to readers and specialists for many years to come.
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization and the Challenge of Hard Budget Constraints written by Jonathan Rodden and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multi-country study of the conditions under which decentralized countries might ensure fiscal discipline.
Download or read book Capitalising on constraint written by Catherine Moury and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-12 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an essential analysis of what really happens behind closed doors during and after a bailout. In the last decade, five Eurozone governments in economic difficulty received assistance from international lenders on the condition that certain policies specified in the Memoranda of Understanding were implemented. How did negotiations take place in this context? What room for manoeuvre did the governments of these countries have? After conditionality, to what extent were governments willing and able to roll back changes imposed on them by the international lenders? This book explores the constraints on national executives in the five bailed out countries of the Eurozone during and beyond the crisis, from 2008 to 2019. The authors argue that despite international market pressure and creditors’ conditionality, governments had some room for manoeuvre during a bailout and were able to advocate, resist, shape or roll back some of the policies demanded by external actors. Under certain circumstances, domestic actors were also able to exploit the constraint of conditionality to their own advantage. Capitalising on constraint shows that after a bailout programme, governments could use their discretion to revert the measures that brought the greatest benefits at a lower cost. The authors provide a valuable insight into the determinants of bargaining leverage, the importance of credibility, and the limits of conditionality that might inform the design of international and European lending during future crises.
Download or read book The Science of Reason written by Ken Manktelow and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2010-10-18 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a state-of-the-art survey of the psychology of reasoning, based around, and in tribute to, one of the field’s most eminent figures: Jonathan St B.T. Evans. In this collection of cutting edge research, Evans’ collaborators and colleagues review a wide range of important and developing areas of inquiry. These include biases in thinking, probabilistic and causal reasoning, people’s use of ‘if’ sentences in arguments, the dual-process theory of thought, and the nature of human rationality. These foundational issues are examined from various angles and finally integrated in a concluding panoramic chapter written by Evans himself. The eighteen chapters, all written by leading international researchers, combine state-of the-art research with investigation into the most fundamental questions surrounding human mental life, such as: What is the architecture of the human mind? Are humans rational, and what is the nature of this rationality? How do we think hypothetically? The Science of Reason offers a unique combination of breadth, depth and integrative vision, making it an indispensable resource for researchers and students of human reason.
Download or read book Hegemony Constrained written by Davis B. Bobrow and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2008-05-25 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the post-cold war era, the United States has risen to a position of unprecedented dominance in the world and has often pursued a primarily unilateral approach to international policy issues. Hegemony Constrained examines how nations, ethnic and religious groups, and international organizations cope with American hegemony. The chapters reveal the various ways in which foreign actors attempt and sometimes succeed in keeping official Washington from achieving its preferred outcomes.An international group of contributors considers how and why a variety of foreigners act strategically to avoid, delay, or change American policy with respect to a broad range of issues in world affairs. Individual chapters analyze the Kurds and Shia in Iraq; the governments of China, Japan, Turkey, and Germany; the G-7; liberalizing the international economy; coping with global warming; regulating harmful tax competition; controlling missile proliferation; limiting public health damage from tobacco; and international public opinion bearing on the politics of responding to a hegemonic America. By recognizing and illustrating moves that challenge American unilateralism, Hegemony Constrained provides a framework for understanding and anticipating the goals, motives, and means others in the world bring to their dealings with American hegemony in specific situations. Thus, it offers a corrective to naively optimistic unilateralism and naively optimistic multilateralism.
Download or read book Constraints on Phonological Interactions written by Lev Aleksandrovich Bli͡umenfelʹd and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
