Download or read book Wax Deposition in Crude Oil Transport Lines and Wax Estimation Methods written by Fadi Alnaimat and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petroleum industry is one of the major industries serving the energy demands. Flow assurance is essential for providing continuous fuel supply. Wax deposition is the main issue that affects flow assurance or reduces the efficiency of transporting crude oil. As the maintenance cost of repairing and troubleshooting is very high, addressing issues related to flow assurance becomes critical in the petroleum industry. This chapter will explore methods used for reducing, cleaning, and monitoring deposition of wax. Wax dissolved in the crude oil gets crystallized causing accumulation across the pipe walls once the bulk temperature of the crude oil gets lower than wax appearance temperature (WAT). Mechanical, thermal, chemical, and microbial methods highlighting general practice in the industry are discussed in this chapter. Next, the direct techniques providing information about the numerical wax deposition models used along with scientific measurement techniques are emphasized. Later, the indirect measurement techniques are discussed providing information about the external probing and nondestructive techniques to obtain information about wax layer deposition inside the pipe. The role of artificial intelligence and use of fuzzy logic for effective wax prediction or in developing the existing wax numerical models are emphasized in the last section.
Download or read book Wax Deposition written by Zhenyu Huang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wax Deposition: Experimental Characterizations, Theoretical Modeling, and Field Practices covers the entire spectrum of knowledge on wax deposition. The book delivers a detailed description of the thermodynamic and transport theories for wax deposition modeling as well as a comprehensive review of laboratory testing for the establishment of appropr
Download or read book Study on Wax Deposition of Heavy Crude Oil in Pipeline Transportation by Using Oil in Water Emulsion Method written by Nor Salwani Ismail and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oil Pipeline Wax Disposition Inhibition Using Chemical Methods written by Norseri Mohd Mustaffa and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil pipeline wax deposition is one of the major problems facing in the crude oil transportation flow line from the offshore to onshore through pipe. The problems occur because of the crude oil fluids temperature is decrease during the transportation process and cause the solidifying process occurs. The deposited wax is normally being removed using pigging process. In the present work, chemical method is introduced as an alternative solution for the wax deposition problems in pipelines. This method used CaCl2.2H2O and NaOCl as the inhibitor. The waxes is initially drowned in the NaOCl solutions to soften the waxes and remove the water content inside the sample; waxes. While drawn the sample, the solution with the waxes is stir to get the condition flowing through the pipeline. Then with fixed molarity of the CaCl2.2H2O solution, it is added to the NaOCl solution which has being reacted with the waxes samples. After a range of period; 24 hours, the result obtained is observed and recorded. This experiment is then repeated with different volume of NaOCl, using heat to study about the heat effect and also using acid to remove the waxes. The experimental results showed that with volume of 50ml NaOCl and 0.0071 M of CaCl2.2H2O, the waxes can break into small pieces and no weight loss to the wall like using 30 ml of NaOCl solutions with 70% weight loss from the initial sample weight. While using the heat, the waxes can be removes in 120s and gets 50% efficiencies for only 30 ml volume of NaOCl. This reaction has being tested gradually to ensure its ability to remove wax from the pipeline. The removal process has being removed using the chemical reactions between CaCl2.2H2O and NaOCl. The reaction of the chemicals and waxes was done in lab scale and the progress has being look properly in schedule time to ensure it properly removed. Inhibition of waxes using chemicals method finally founds it solutions which is means by reaction between Sodium Hypochlorite with Calcium Chloride Dihidrates together with bleaching theory, the problems can be eliminated and this kind of technique is more effectual based on its capability to recycle the chemical used back and need few periods to complete each reactions.
Download or read book The Deposition and Rheology of Organic Gels written by Ramachandran Venkatesan and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Asphaltene Deposition written by Francisco M. Vargas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-16 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As global consumption of fossil fuels such as oil increases, previously abundant sources have become depleted or plagued with obstructions. Asphaltene deposition is one of such obstructions which can significantly decrease the rate of oil production. This book offers concise yet thorough coverage of the complex problem of asphaltene precipitation and deposition in oil production. It covers fundamentals of chemistry, stabilization theories and mechanistic approaches of asphaltene behavior at high temperature and pressure. Asphaltene Deposition: Fundamentals, Prediction, Prevention, and Remediation explains techniques for experimental determination of asphaltene precipitation and deposition and different modeling tools available to forecast the occurrence and magnitude of asphaltene deposition in a given oil field. It discusses strategies for mitigation of asphaltene deposition using chemical inhibition and corresponding challenges, best practices for asphaltene remediation, current research, and case studies.
Download or read book Flow Assurance Solids in Oil and Gas Production written by Jon Steinar Gudmundsson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-13 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The precipitation and deposition of solids are a major challenge in the production of oil and gas. Flow assurance solids are formed because of unavoidable changes in temperature, pressure and composition of the oil-gas-water flowstream, from reservoir conditions to processing conditions. The advent of subsea production and the increased exploitation of heavy crudes have made flow assurance issues dominant in ensuring efficient and safe exploitation of hydrocarbon assets. Five troublesome flow assurance solids are described in the book: asphaltene, paraffin wax, natural gas hydrate, naphthenate and inorganic scale. These big-five solids are presented in stand-alone chapters. Each chapter is designed to be readable without clutter. Derivations of equations and descriptions of supporting details are given in several appendices. The book is intended for professional engineers and natural scientist working in E&P companies, engineering companies, service companies and specialized companies. An understanding of the big-five solids is required throughout the lifetime of oil and gas assets, from early development to abandonment. The technical, safety and environmental risks associated with deposition problems in near-wellbore formations, production tubing, wellhead equipment, flowlines and processing facilities, are relevant for decisions in the oil and gas industry and in outside regulatory and financial entities.
Download or read book Machine Learning and Flow Assurance in Oil and Gas Production written by Bhajan Lal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-11 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is useful to flow assurance engineers, students, and industries who wish to be flow assurance authorities in the twenty-first-century oil and gas industry. The use of digital or artificial intelligence methods in flow assurance has increased recently to achieve fast results without any thorough training effectively. Generally, flow assurance covers all risks associated with maintaining the flow of oil and gas during any stage in the petroleum industry. Flow assurance in the oil and gas industry covers the anticipation, limitation, and/or prevention of hydrates, wax, asphaltenes, scale, and corrosion during operation. Flow assurance challenges mostly lead to stoppage of production or plugs, damage to pipelines or production facilities, economic losses, and in severe cases blowouts and loss of human lives. A combination of several chemical and non-chemical techniques is mostly used to prevent flow assurance issues in the industry. However, the use of models to anticipate, limit, and/or prevent flow assurance problems is recommended as the best and most suitable practice. The existing proposed flow assurance models on hydrates, wax, asphaltenes, scale, and corrosion management are challenged with accuracy and precision. They are not also limited by several parametric assumptions. Recently, machine learning methods have gained much attention as best practices for predicting flow assurance issues. Examples of these machine learning models include conventional approaches such as artificial neural network, support vector machine (SVM), least square support vector machine (LSSVM), random forest (RF), and hybrid models. The use of machine learning in flow assurance is growing, and thus, relevant knowledge and guidelines on their application methods and effectiveness are needed for academic, industrial, and research purposes. In this book, the authors focus on the use and abilities of various machine learning methods in flow assurance. Initially, basic definitions and use of machine learning in flow assurance are discussed in a broader scope within the oil and gas industry. The rest of the chapters discuss the use of machine learning in various flow assurance areas such as hydrates, wax, asphaltenes, scale, and corrosion. Also, the use of machine learning in practical field applications is discussed to understand the practical use of machine learning in flow assurance.
Download or read book Processing of Heavy Crude Oils written by Ramasamy Marappa Gounder and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Wax Deposition and Its Control During Production of Alaska North Slope Oils written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to increasing oil demand, oil companies are moving into arctic environments and deep-water areas for oil production. In these regions of lower temperatures, wax deposits begin to form when the temperature in the wellbore falls below wax appearance temperature (WAT). This condition leads to reduced production rates and larger pressure drops. Wax problems in production wells are very costly due to production down time for removal of wax. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a solution to wax deposition. In order to develop a solution to wax deposition, it is essential to characterize the crude oil and study phase behavior properties. The main objective of this project was to characterize Alaskan North Slope crude oil and study the phase behavior, which was further used to develop a dynamic wax deposition model. This report summarizes the results of the various experimental studies. The subtasks completed during this study include measurement of density, molecular weight, viscosity, pour point, wax appearance temperature, wax content, rate of wax deposition using cold finger, compositional characterization of crude oil and wax obtained from wax content, gas-oil ratio, and phase behavior experiments including constant composition expansion and differential liberation. Also, included in this report is the development of a thermodynamic model to predict wax precipitation. From the experimental study of wax appearance temperature, it was found that wax can start to precipitate at temperatures as high as 40.6 C. The WAT obtained from cross-polar microscopy and viscometry was compared, and it was discovered that WAT from viscometry is overestimated. From the pour point experiment it was found that crude oil can cease to flow at a temperature of 12 C. From the experimental results of wax content, it is evident that the wax content in Alaskan North Slope crude oil can be as high as 28.57%. The highest gas-oil ratio for a live oil sample was observed to be 619.26 SCF/STB. The bubblepoint pressure for live oil samples varied between 1600 psi and 2100 psi. Wax precipitation is one of the most important phenomena in wax deposition and, hence, needs to be modeled. There are various models present in the literature. Won's model, which considers the wax phase as a non-ideal solution, and Pedersen's model, which considers the wax phase as an ideal solution, were compared. Comparison indicated that Pedersen's model gives better results, but the assumption of wax phase as an ideal solution is not realistic. Hence, Won's model was modified to consider different precipitation characteristics of the various constituents in the hydrocarbon fraction. The results obtained from the modified Won's model were compared with existing models, and it was found that predictions from the modified model are encouraging.
Download or read book Intelligent System and Computing written by Yang Yi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-04-29 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book “Intelligent System and Computing” reports the theory, mathematical models, algorithms, design methods, and applications of intelligent systems and computing. It covers various disciplines including computer and information science, electrical and computer engineering, natural sciences, economics, and neuroscience. The broad-ranging discussion covers the key disciplines in computational science and artificial intelligence as well as advances in neuromorphic computing, deep learning, the Internet of Things, computer vision, and many others. This volume provides both academics and professionals with a comprehensive overview of the field and presents areas for future research.
Download or read book Subsea Pipeline Design Analysis and Installation written by Qiang Bai and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2014-02-18 with total page 825 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As deepwater wells are drilled to greater depths, pipeline engineers and designers are confronted with new problems such as water depth, weather conditions, ocean currents, equipment reliability, and well accessibility. Subsea Pipeline Design, Analysis and Installation is based on the authors' 30 years of experience in offshore. The authors provide rigorous coverage of the entire spectrum of subjects in the discipline, from pipe installation and routing selection and planning to design, construction, and installation of pipelines in some of the harshest underwater environments around the world. All-inclusive, this must-have handbook covers the latest breakthroughs in subjects such as corrosion prevention, pipeline inspection, and welding, while offering an easy-to-understand guide to new design codes currently followed in the United States, United Kingdom, Norway, and other countries. - Gain expert coverage of international design codes - Understand how to design pipelines and risers for today's deepwater oil and gas - Master critical equipment such as subsea control systems and pressure piping
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Petroleum and Petrochemical Technology Conference 2019 written by Jia'en Lin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-16 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of selected papers from the 3rd International Petroleum and Petrochemical Technology Conference (IPPTC 2019). The work focuses on petroleum & petrochemical technologies and practical challenges in the field. It creates a platform to bridge the knowledge gap between China and the world. The conference not only provides a platform to exchanges experience but also promotes the development of scientific research in petroleum & petrochemical technologies. The book will benefit a broad readership, including industry experts, researchers, educators, senior engineers and managers.
Download or read book Ionic Liquids in Flow Assurance written by Bhajan Lal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-05 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the application of ionic liquids in flow assurance in the oil and gas industry. It discusses their physiochemical properties, and considers the role of ionic liquids as gas hydrate inhibitors in offshore pipelines. Gas hydrate occurrence can pose a major threat to pipeline integrity. Therefore, different categories of gas hydrate inhibitors and the main factors influencing ionic liquids during gas hydrate inhibition are examined thoroughly. The use of ionic liquids as corrosion inhibitors, their application in flow assurance industry to mitigate corrosion, and factors affecting their performance are discussed. Finally, the applications of ionic liquids in wax, scale and asphaltenes deposition control is explored. The extensive discussion of ionic liquids in flow assurance mean that this book will be of use to researchers, engineers, and industry professionals in upstream processing of the oil and gas sector.
Download or read book Experimental and Modeling Studies of Wax Deposition in Crude Oil Carrying Pipelines written by Sandeep Todi and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Study on Wax Deposition of Heavy Crude Oil in Pipelines written by Nadia Eliza Natrah Jamaluddin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling of Wax Deposition in a Crude Oil Carrying Pipeline written by Preston Montalvo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
