Download or read book Watershed Urbanization Impacts to Headwater Streams in Northeastern Ohio written by Keely Marie Davidson-Bennett and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Watershed urbanization has been associated with declines in biodiversity and decreases in the proportion of pollution intolerant organisms. Some of these changes in community composition may be due to increased stormwater runoff from urbanized watersheds. In order to better understand how streamflow patterns change along a putative stormwater impact gradient and which abiotic factors may be driving shifts in macroinvertebrate community composition, we studied the hydrology, chemistry, and biology in six small streams in the Rocky River Watershed, northeastern Ohio. According to Ohio EPA classification, three of these streams were primary headwater streams, draining 0.41 to 1.22 km2; three headwater streams drained 3.47 to 7.25 km2. We measured flow at each stream using an Isco 2150 area-velocity flow meter from January 17 to December 9, 2010. We sampled each stream for macroinvertebrates and water and sediment chemistry three times: June 21 - 26, August 9 - 11, and September 30 - October 10, 2010.
Download or read book Impacts of Urbanization on Hydrology and Water Quality in Tributary Stream Watersheds written by Claudia J. K. Engelmann and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of urban development on stream ecosystems in nine metropolitan study areas across the United States written by James F. Coles and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Watershed Development and Management on Aquatic Ecosystems written by Larry A. Roesner and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection contains 40 papers on ecosystems in urban areas presented at a conference on the effects of watershed development and management on aquatic ecosystems, held in Snowbird, Utah, August 4-9, 1996.
Download or read book The Effect of Urbanization on the Hydrologic Regime of the Big Darby Creek Watershed Ohio written by Gi-Choul Ahn and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The Big Darby Creek Watershed located near the Columbus, Ohio, metropolitan area, is widely recognized for its excellent quality of environmental health and high biological diversity in a Midwest agricultural landscape. The watershed has been affected by an increasing amount of runoff due to urban growth, causing occasional flooding, non-point pollution problems, and reduced biological diversity. This study focused on how urban growth in a once agricultural watershed impacted the surface hydrology. To accomplish this, an improved classification algorithm -- the singular value decomposition (SVD) method with key vector analysis -- for mapping land use/land cover (LULC) was developed. The process produced high accuracy LULC maps for the years of 1974, 1984, 1994, and 2005 with an overall accuracy of>89%. Also, an urban change matrix was introduced to better interpret urban change scenarios in this study. The urban change matrix showed that major urbanization in the Big Darby Creek Watershed occurred between 1994 and 2005. To investigate the hydrologic impact of the land use change in the Big Darby Creek Watershed, the improved LULC maps were used. The HEC-GeoHMS/HEC-HMS tools were used to develop a hydrologic model for the watershed in a distributed modeling scheme. The hydrologic simulation results showed that there is a significant increase (15%) in the peak hydrograph for Hellbranch Run, which is the most urbanized subwatershed in Big Darby Creek. When compared to the population forecast and recent reports on the Darby Creek development plan, the impact of the urban development will have a significant effect on the hydrology of the watershed. The sensitivity analysis of the LULC maps showed that the resulting hydrograph from the simulated LULC error would be minor for small urbanizing areas. In conclusion, an improved method for mapping LULC and its change in an urbanizing watershed was developed to investigate the impact of surface hydrology. The research resulted in a framework that can be used to study urbanizing watersheds. This framework can be used for future modeling efforts to understand the hydrological impact of LULC change in a watershed on a large scale.
Download or read book Effects of Climate and Development on the Hydrology and Geomorphology of the Yellow Creek Watershed Summit and Medina Counties OH written by Adam J. Delaney and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this study was to determine the relative contributions of increased flood frequency and continued land development on geomorphic change and damage to infrastructure throughout the Yellow Creek, OH watershed. Comprised of five sub-watersheds, the Yellow Creek watershed is located in Northeast Ohio and is a tributary of the Cuyahoga River. In Northeast Ohio, a statistically significant change point in both heavy precipitation and stream flow occurred in July 2003. On the USGS Cuyahoga River Old Portage stream gage record, there were only 18 days of mean daily discharge above the top 1% flood category (76 m3s−1) during the 13 years prior to July 2003 compared to 79 days in the 13 years after July 2003. Land cover data reveals that impervious cover in the watershed has increased by 0.80% from 1985-1996, 0.32% from 1996-2001, 0.67% from 2001-2006, and 0.38% from 2006-2010. The five sub-watersheds have contrasting development histories and vary from 4.5% to 23.5% imperviousness. Water level loggers were installed to measure hydrograph variability between the five sub-watersheds. Water samples were also taken on 11/10/15, 2/3/16, and 2/24/16 in the five sub-watershed streams to find the effect development has on road salt concentration in the stream. Aerial photos for nine years between 1994 and 2015 were used to assess changes in stream geomorphology through time. Results show that geomorphic change has been greater after July 2003 compared to before July 2003. These post-2003 geomorphic changes include an increase in unvegetated mid-channel bars and point bars as well as amplified channel migration. Elsewhere, Yellow Creek shows straightening and widening in response to increased flooding events. The 2000 to 2005 and 2012 to 2015 photo intervals showed the largest geomorphic change throughout the Yellow Creek watershed, especially in areas with steep topography and stream slope. Although urbanization in the watershed results in increased runoff, since 2003 increased flood frequency has a larger effect on geomorphology change than increases in development. Upon analyzing data from water level loggers, results show that land cover, vegetative cover, soils, slope, precipitation intensity, and flood storage capacity all play an important role on hydrograph shape and time of peak discharge between the five sub-watershed streams. Sourek Run is the sub-watershed with the largest amount of impervious cover (23.5% as of 2010) and is the flashiest sub-watershed of the five and sensitive to small-scale precipitation events. The headwater, Upper Yellow Creek with less impervious cover (8.93% as of 2010) shows a generally round hydrograph and arrives later in time relative to other sub-watersheds likely due to its low slope, increased soil storage capacity and infiltration. Winter time snow melt and high magnitude summer time rainfall events created synchronous or near synchronous peak discharge time between the five sites. It also was found that road salt contamination was present in the Yellow Creek watershed during winter months, and the amount of development in the small sub-watershed areas (
Download or read book Urban Stormwater Management in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-17 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually every urban stream system. The Clean Water Act regulatory framework for addressing sewage and industrial wastes is not well suited to the more difficult problem of stormwater discharges. This book calls for an entirely new permitting structure that would put authority and accountability for stormwater discharges at the municipal level. A number of additional actions, such as conserving natural areas, reducing hard surface cover (e.g., roads and parking lots), and retrofitting urban areas with features that hold and treat stormwater, are recommended.
Download or read book Hydrologic and Water quality Impacts of Urbanization on Tributary Streams written by Kristin Emigh Riker-Coleman and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Urbanization on the Hydrology of the Swan Creek Watershed Lucas County Toledo Ohio written by Jason J. Wiles and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Case Study of Collaborative Management written by Scott Daniel Hardy and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Urban Runoff Management written by Earl Shaver and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of Land Use on Headwater Stream Organic and Inorganic Carbon Export in a Temperate Midwestern Experimental Watershed written by Scott Alan Kelsey and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of the Effects of Urban Land use land cover on Stream Water Quality in the Mid Ohio River Watershed Using GIS Remote Sensing written by Lindsey Gertrude France and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development and Its Impact on the Water Balance of an Urban Watershed written by Benjamin Chenevey and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urbanization affects the local hydrologic cycle. Accurate methods for quantifying and analyzing the hydrologic effects of urbanization are vital for sustainability research. In this study, continuous annual water balances are constructed for the Mill Creek Watershed, a highly developed catchment in the Cincinnati, Ohio metropolitan area. Annual urban water fluxes are gathered for a period of 41 consecutive years (1970--2010) and compared against predevelopment hydrologic conditions. Findings show that urbanization has increased the annual average volume of water entering and leaving the Mill Creek Watershed by nearly 30 percent; concurrently annual average evapotranspiration has decreased about 20 percent. The computer program Aquacycle is used to simulate the evolution of the local water balance in the Mill Creek catchment from predevelopment to current conditions. Simulations were used to reconstitute over 100-years of water balance data. Results found a significant overall change in the water balance throughout historic development including a reversal of the dominant water output from atmospheric (evapotranspiration) to overland (streamflow/wastewater) in the 1920s. Looking to the future, Aquacycle forecasts through the year 2050 were created for two scenarios: [i] with and [ii] without widespread green infrastructure (i.e., rain barrels, green roofs, porous pavement). The green infrastructure options were tested to explore the effectiveness of decentralized stormwater management for mitigating the hydrologic impacts of urbanization. Results show that widespread implementation of rain barrels has relatively little impact on the overall catchment water balance while green roofs have the greatest impact on the catchment's hydrologic cycle. The combined effect of all three green infrastructure options show a combined reduction in streamflow and wastewater (10 percent) and a significant rise in evapotranspiration (20 percent) in the Mill Creek Watershed.
Download or read book Sources and Fluxes of Carbon and Nutrients in Human impacted Watersheds and Estuaries written by Michael Joseph Pennino and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urbanization alters watershed hydrology and has increased nutrient pollution, leading to eutrophication and hypoxia in downstream coastal ecosystems. In order to manage increased nutrient exports and loss of biogeochemical functions in urban streams and rivers it is important to better understand how management of both point and diffuse sources affects carbon and nutrients under various flow conditions. The objective of this research was to investigate the impacts of urban development on sources, transformations, and fluxes of carbon (C) and nutrients along urban headwater streams and a large coastal estuary. Chapter 1 covers the impact of headwater stream burial on nitrate uptake and stream metabolism. Chapter 2 focuses on the impact of age and extent of urban infrastructure and watershed management on hydrologic variability and pulsing of C and nutrient sources and fluxes. Chapter 3 examines the capacity of a large river-estuary system to transform and remove inputs of nitrogen (N) and C from a major metropolitan area and the world's largest advanced wastewater treatment plant. Results from Chapter 1 indicate that burial of headwater streams significantly reduces nitrate uptake, gross primary productivity, and ecosystem respiration, compared to non-buried streams, by factors of 9.6, 11, and 5, respectively. It was also estimated that at the watershed scale, stream burial decreases N uptake by 39 ± 5% and C production by 105 ± 103%. Results from Chapter 2 indicate that urbanized streams with higher percent impervious surface cover and older infrastructure have greater inputs of N, C, and phosphorus (P) from leaky sanitary sewers and flashier hydrology, resulting in higher concentrations and more variable and pulsed exports of C, N, and P. Results from Chapter 3 indicate that large river-estuary systems have the potential to transform and remove N loads from point-source wastewater treatment plant inputs over relatively short spatial scales. There were seasonal patterns in N removal in the Potomac River Estuary, with greater denitrification and uptake rates in the summer and fall, accompanied by lower net exports, but during the spring when flows were highest, exports were also highest. Overall, the research in this dissertation indicates that urbanization reduces nutrient retention through stream burial and increases the amount and variability of C and nutrient exports in headwater streams, while river-estuarine systems have a large capacity to assimilate nutrient inputs from major point sources.
Download or read book Ohio Creek Watershed Project written by Virginia. Department of Housing and Community Development and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
