Download or read book Water Vapor Transport Over North America and the Central American Seas During the FGGE Year written by Rolf Harold Langland and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Water Vapor Transport and the Hydrology of North America written by Eugene M. Rasmusson and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The atmospheric water vapor flux and certain aspects of the water balance over the North American Sector are investigated for the period May 1, 1961 - April 30, 1963. The vertical variation of the flux, as well as the total vertically integrated flux, are investigated from mean monthly data. The flux exhibits important diurnal variations, particularly during the summer south of 50 0N. These variations are primarily the result of diurnal variations in the mean wind, rather than in the moisture, and are particularly well organized over eastern North America, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea. Significant interannual changes in the flux are also observed. The relationship of these changes to the interannual changes in flux divergence and precipitation are discussed. The mean vertical distribution of flux divergence is computed for the United States, for the months of January and July. Strong flux convergence in the lowest 100 mb, and divergence in the remainder of the troposphere, was found in July. Flux convergence was found throughout the troposphere in the east in January, with a maximum between 900 and 950 mb, while in the west convergence (with no particularly pronounced maximum) was found above 800 mb, with weak divergence below. Corresponding features of the profiles were found at higher elevations over the west, where the flux divergence above 500 mb is quite significant. Particular emphasis is placed on computations of the vertically integrated vapor flux divergence, and its use in estimating E-P , the mean difference between evaporation and precipitation. Water balance studies, using twice daily observations from the existing aerological network, indicate that reliable mean annual, seasonal, and monthly values of E can usually be obtained for areas of 20 x 105 km2 or larger. The results usually deteriorate rapidly as the size of the area is reduced to less than 10 x 105 km2 . This deterioration is primarily the result of a systematic error pattern, which is tentatively ascribed to the effect of diurnal flux variations, small scale features in the mean flux field, and local station peculiarities. The annual and seasonal values of E-P are computed for the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico and are in excellent agreement with independent estimates. Mean values of E-P are computed for North America north of the United States-Mexican border, and individually for the major watersheds of the continent. Latitudinally averaged values show a minimum between 55°N and 65°N. More comprehensive balance studies were made over the United States and southern Canada. Of particular interest is the computation of mean monthly surface and subsurface storage changes directly from measured streamflow and vapor flux data. Consistent and reasonable storage changes are computed for the area as a whole, which indicate an average seasonal variation of around 8 cm. Little net storage change was computed during the two year period for the whole area, but substantial changes were indicated over the western part of the region during the first year, and over the eastern part during the second year. These changes appear to be in qualitative agreement with independent indicators. Rough computations of mean monthly evapotranspiration are made for the United States and southern Canada, using precipitation and flux divergence data. Values exhibit the expected seasonal variations, with a maximum of around 8 cm/mo in summer and a minimum of 1-2 cm in winter. Computations for the larger subdivisions of this area give values which appear, for the most part, to be reasonable.
Download or read book Global Water Vapor Transport and Its Relationship with Hydrological Cycle and Latent Heating written by Yunlai Zhu and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Learning to Predict Climate Variations Associated with El Nino and the Southern Oscillation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-01-12 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The TOGA (Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere) Program was designed to study short-term climate variations. A 10-year international program, TOGA made El Nino a household word. This book chronicles the cooperative efforts of oceanographers and meteorologists, several U.S. government agencies, many other nations, and international scientific organizations to study El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO). It describes the progression from being unable to detect the development of large climate variations to being able to make and use rudimentary climate predictions, especially for some tropical countries. It examines the development of the TOGA Program, evaluates its accomplishments, describes U.S. participation in the program, and makes general recommendations for developing better understanding and predictions of climate variations on seasonal to interannual time scales.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Indian Summer Monsoon Variability written by Jasti S. Chowdary and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-15 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indian Summer Monsoon Variability: El Niño-Teleconnections and Beyond presents the improved understanding of Indian Monsoon teleconnections (ENSO and Non-ENSO), new advances, and preferred future steps. Special emphasis is given to non-ENSO teleconnections which have been poorly understood for decades. With growing monsoon rainfall extremes across the Indian Subcontinent, a new understanding of monsoon environmental factors that are driven remotely through teleconnections is a trending topic. Finally, the book reviews current understanding ofthe observational and modeling aspects of Indian monsoon teleconnections. This is a must-read for researchers and graduate students in atmospheric science and meteorology. Presents teleconnections associated with the Indian summer monsoon from a global perspective Discusses new pathways that connect the remote drivers to Indian summer monsoon variability Covers a wide range of mechanisms, processes, and science questions in relation to monsoon variability from interannual, decadal to climate change time scales
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Weather Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geographical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subject index to various sections of Geo abstracts.
Download or read book Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Physical Climatology written by Dennis L. Hartmann and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1994-07-06 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Physical Climatology is an introductory text devoted to the fundamental physical principles and problems of climate sensitivity and change. Addressing some of the most critical issues in climatology, this text features incisive coverage of topics that are central to understanding orbital parameter theory for past climate changes, and for anthropogenic and natural causes of near-future changes-- Key Features * Covers the physics of climate change * Examines the nature of the current climate and its previous changes * Explores the sensitivity of climate and the mechanisms by which humans are likely to produce near-future climate changes * Provides instructive end-of-chapter exercises and appendices
Download or read book A Vast Machine written by Paul N. Edwards and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010-03-12 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The science behind global warming, and its history: how scientists learned to understand the atmosphere, to measure it, to trace its past, and to model its future. Global warming skeptics often fall back on the argument that the scientific case for global warming is all model predictions, nothing but simulation; they warn us that we need to wait for real data, “sound science.” In A Vast Machine Paul Edwards has news for these skeptics: without models, there are no data. Today, no collection of signals or observations—even from satellites, which can “see” the whole planet with a single instrument—becomes global in time and space without passing through a series of data models. Everything we know about the world's climate we know through models. Edwards offers an engaging and innovative history of how scientists learned to understand the atmosphere—to measure it, trace its past, and model its future.
Download or read book Monsoon Meteorology written by Chih-Pei Chang and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1987 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Very Good,No Highlights or Markup,all pages are intact.
Download or read book The Asian Monsoon written by Bin Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-13 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a timely, interdisciplinary scientific overview of the atmosphere, the ocean and the land surface as it interacts with physical, chemical and biological processes. The high level of detail sets it apart from other studies of monsoon meteorology. The text includes analysis of paleoclimate records, human influences on the monsoon climate and the economic impacts of the monsoon on economies and to human health.
