Download or read book Water Stress Treatment in Valley Oak Quercus Lobata Seedlings Reveals Species wide Similarities and Population specific Differences in Ecophysiological and Gene Expression Response written by Alayna Mead and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drought is a major stress for plants, and creates strong selection pressure for adaptive responses. Many drought responses will be conserved, species-wide responses, but when populations are distributed across heterogeneous environments, local selection pressures may shape differences in their response to drought. This study tests whether populations of valley oak (Quercus lobata), a widely-distributed California endemic oak, are locally adapted in their response to water stress. Using groups of seedlings sampled from dissimilar climates and exposed to soil-drying or high water treatments, we measured ecophysiological traits and gene expression (RNA-seq) data. Valley oak seedlings under water stress had a lower leaf water potential and turgor loss point, but populations were not significantly different from each other, indicating a generalized species-wide response. However, most genes that were differentially expressed between treatments responded in only one seedling population, indicating that populations generally have different responses to water stress. Additionally, gene modules (groups of genes with similar expression patterns, identified using weighted gene co-expression networks) often responded differently to water stress treatment among populations, potentially identifying differences in drought response that occur through differential regulation of gene networks. This study provides evidence that valley oak populations are locally adapted to respond to water stress. As drought is projected to increase in California due to climate change, this may be useful for predicting the response of different populations and devising management strategies.
Download or read book The Genomic Basis of Adaptation to Climate Across Oak Quercus Species and Populations in California written by Alayna Mead and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterizing the genomic basis of climate adaptation is essential both for understanding the process of evolution and for conserving populations under climate change. Here, I use several methods to investigate the genomic basis of adaptation across oak species and populations. In Chapter 1, we compared the gene expression response to a simulated drought stress across six oak species, two species from each of the three taxonomic sections of Quercus in California, which varied in their drought tolerance. We found that drought tolerant species had a less plastic response to leaf drying, suggesting that phenotypic traits and non-plastic patterns of gene expression contribute to their drought tolerance more than plasticity. We also found that the two deciduous trees, which were the most drought sensitive species, responded to drying with 22% of the same genes, indicating these responses had evolved in parallel across distantly related clades. In Chapter 2, we used whole-genome sequencing to characterize the rangewide genetic structure of a rare island endemic oak species, Quercus tomentella, from the California Channel Islands and Guadalupe Island in Mexico. We found evidence for widespread hybridization with a related oak species, isolation of the Guadalupe Island trees, and some gene flow among the California islands that is likely mediated by wind pollination. We also identified putatively adaptive SNPs that were associated with climate variables, compared the spatial patterns of neutral SNPs and candidate SNPs, and used this information to make recommendations for choosing seed sources for restoration projects in the light of climate change. In Chapter 3, we characterized the heat stress response across species and populations. We performed a heat wave experiment and compared the gene expression responses among three oak species and two populations within each species, one from a southern, warmer site and one from a northern, cooler site. We found shared responses to heat stress among all species and populations, including the responses of individual genes as well as genes with related functions. We found limited evidence of differences in stress response among populations, suggesting a lack of local adaptation in the plastic heat stress response.
Download or read book Soil Moisture Availability as a Factor Affecting Valley Oak Quercus Lobata Seedling Establishment and Survival in a Riparian Habitat Cosumnes River Preserve Sacramento County California written by Virginia C. Meyer and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physiological and Fitness Consequences of Seasonal Rainfall Variation in Neotropical Live Oak Seedlings Quercus Oleoides written by Alyson Center and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Broadly distributed species often span a large range of environmental conditions, which pose contrasting physiological challenges. Such species are thought to persist across this heterogeneity, either by locally adapting or by evolving wide environmental tolerances via phenotypic plasticity or maintaining high genetic variation. The extent to which populations display local adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, and high within-population genetic variation will have large impacts on species responses to climate change. Large-scale habitat fragmentation impedes migration making plasticity and adaptation important mechanisms for in situ persistence. Using common gardens with reciprocal plantings we investigated the consequences of changes in water availability in the broadly distributed tropical live oak, Quercus oleoides. Chapter 1 examines the relationship among seed production timing, germination and seedling fitness at the local scale in dry forests of NW Costa Rica. In chapter 2, I investigate the extent to which four populations of Q. oleoides from regions with contrasting rainfall patterns exhibit local adaptation and the role of changes in water availability on seedlings fitness. In chapter 3, I examine the extent that populations exhibit differentiation in traits related to carbon and water use. Chapter 3 also investigates the role of trait plasticity in seedling responses to changes in seasonal water availability and the patterns of phenotypic selection on traits. Results from these studies show that local-scale differences in seed production timing have significant consequences for germination and seedling fitness. At a larger spatial scale, results of this work indicate that the broadly distributed Q. oleoides does not consist of a series of locally adapted populations, but rather, of populations with wide environmental tolerances. Seedlings from all populations show similar physiological and morphological responses to changes in water availability and differences among garden sites. Trait plasticity contributes more to phenotypic trait variation than within-population genetic differences. Overall, populations of Q. oleoides lineage represent a lineage well-adapted to drought. Populations are able to maintain fitness with changes in water availability in the short-term through plasticity but may be limited in their long-term adaptive capacity to future changes in rainfall patterns due to low within-population genetic variation for physiological traits.
Download or read book Physiological Variation of Garry Oak Quercus Garryana Seedlings to Drought Stress written by Matthew A. Merz and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine physiological differences in drought response among Garry oak (Quercus garryana Douglas ex Hook. [Fagaceae]) seedlings that grow in distinct populations in Washington state, in order to aid in restoration efforts by informing growers of the potential differences between the acorn collection sites. Acorns from six Washington populations east of the Cascades, as well as one population from Whidbey Island, were collected and grown in containers under controlled conditions. The plants were assessed with and without moderate and severe drought stress induced by withholding water. The most extreme differences in photosynthetic characteristics for non-stressed seedlings from different populations were in stomatal conductance rates, which in some cases differed between populations by 2 fold or more. Differences in response to drought occurred across populations after 14 days of withholding water (Fig 4). Seedlings from the northernmost population of Garry oak on the east side of the Cascades (Swauk Creek) were most susceptible to lowered photosynthetic rates induced by drought stress, while an island population from the west side of the cascades (Oak Harbor) showed the least drought-induced reduction of assimilation. Differences among populations were also observed in the occurrence of drought induced embolisms, and in changes in leaf water potential, relative water content, and production of the osmolyte proline in response to drought. This study shows that seedlings from different populations of Garry oak have distinct physiological responses to drought that may lead to changes in survivorship for seedlings used in reforestation efforts for Garry oak savannas as they are exposed to drought stress in the field.
Download or read book Geschichte des Buchdrucks Inkunabelkunde Buchhandel und Buchgewerbe in lterer und neuerer Zeit enthaltend die Sammlung von Konrad Burger in Leipzig des Bibliothekars d Bibliothek d B rsenvereins d Deutschen Buchh ndler written by Konrad Burger and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oaks Physiological Ecology Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L written by Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more than 500 species distributed all around the Northern Hemisphere, the genus Quercus L. is a dominant element of a wide variety of habitats including temperate, tropical, subtropical and mediterranean forests and woodlands. As the fossil record reflects, oaks were usual from the Oligocene onwards, showing the high ability of the genus to colonize new and different habitats. Such diversity and ecological amplitude makes genus Quercus an excellent framework for comparative ecophysiological studies, allowing the analysis of many mechanisms that are found in different oaks at different level (leaf or stem). The combination of several morphological and physiological attributes defines the existence of different functional types within the genus, which are characteristic of specific phytoclimates. From a landscape perspective, oak forests and woodlands are threatened by many factors that can compromise their future: a limited regeneration, massive decline processes, mostly triggered by adverse climatic events or the competence with other broad-leaved trees and conifer species. The knowledge of all these facts can allow for a better management of the oak forests in the future.
Download or read book Ecological Genomics written by Christian R. Landry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers in the field of ecological genomics aim to determine how a genome or a population of genomes interacts with its environment across ecological and evolutionary timescales. Ecological genomics is trans-disciplinary by nature. Ecologists have turned to genomics to be able to elucidate the mechanistic bases of the biodiversity their research tries to understand. Genomicists have turned to ecology in order to better explain the functional cellular and molecular variation they observed in their model organisms. We provide an advanced-level book that covers this recent research and proposes future development for this field. A synthesis of the field of ecological genomics emerges from this volume. Ecological Genomics covers a wide array of organisms (microbes, plants and animals) in order to be able to identify central concepts that motivate and derive from recent investigations in different branches of the tree of life. Ecological Genomics covers 3 fields of research that have most benefited from the recent technological and conceptual developments in the field of ecological genomics: the study of life-history evolution and its impact of genome architectures; the study of the genomic bases of phenotypic plasticity and the study of the genomic bases of adaptation and speciation.
Download or read book Wild Crop Relatives Genomic and Breeding Resources written by Chittaranjan Kole and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-08-28 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wild crop relatives are now playing a significant part in the elucidation and improvement of the genomes of their cultivated counterparts. This work includes comprehensive examinations of the status, origin, distribution, morphology, cytology, genetic diversity and available genetic and genomic resources of numerous wild crop relatives, as well as of their evolution and phylogenetic relationship. Further topics include their role as model plants, genetic erosion and conservation efforts, and their domestication for the purposes of bioenergy, phytomedicines, nutraceuticals and phytoremediation. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources comprises 10 volumes on Cereals, Millets and Grasses, Oilseeds, Legume Crops and Forages, Vegetables, Temperate Fruits, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Industrial Crops, Plantation and Ornamental Crops, and Forest Trees. It contains 125 chapters written by nearly 400 well-known authors from about 40 countries.
Download or read book Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Management Options written by James M. Vose and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest land managers face the challenges of preparing their forests for the impacts of climate change. However, climate change adds a new dimension to the task of developing and testing science-based management options to deal with the effects of stressors on forest ecosystems in the southern United States. The large spatial scale and complex interactions make traditional experimental approaches difficult. Yet, the current progression of climate change science offers new insights from recent syntheses, models, and experiments, providing enough information to start planning now for a future that will likely include an increase in disturbances and rapid changes in forest conditions. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Management Options: A Guide for Natural Resource Managers in Southern Forest Ecosystems provides a comprehensive analysis of forest management options to guide natural resource management in the face of future climate change. Topics include potential climate change impacts on wildfire, insects, diseases, and invasives, and how these in turn might affect the values of southern forests that include timber, fiber, and carbon; water quality and quantity; species and habitats; and recreation. The book also considers southern forest carbon sequestration, vulnerability to biological threats, and migration of native tree populations due to climate change. This book utilizes the most relevant science and brings together science experts and land managers from various disciplines and regions throughout the south to combine science, models, and on-the-ground experience to develop management options. Providing a link between current management actions and future management options that would anticipate a changing climate, the authors hope to ensure a broader range of options for managing southern forests and protecting their values in the future.
Download or read book Quercus Genetics written by Mary V Ashley and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-01-14 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genus Quercus (Quercus, Fagaceae) comprises more than 400 species distributed throughout the northern hemisphere. While the highest oak diversity occurs in American and Asia, European species are also widespread. Oaks are ecological dominants of many temperate forests, and evergreen species are major components of Mediterranean and subtropical woodlands. They provide important ecosystem services and valuable timber. Oak species exhibit high genetic diversity, and this diversity has provided a wealth of information regarding oak ecology and evolution. Recent genetic and genomic studies of oaks have unraveled their evolutionary origins, history, and past radiations. Genetic approaches have also been applied to learn about more recent events, such as range expansions and contractions occurring at northern latitudes.
Download or read book Molecular Approaches in Natural Resource Conservation and Management written by J. Andrew DeWoody and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-14 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in molecular genetics and genomics have been embraced by many in natural resource conservation. Today, several major conservation and management journals are now using 'genetics' editors to deal solely with the influx of manuscripts that employ molecular data. The editors have attempted to synthesize some of the major uses of molecular markers in natural resource management in a book targeted not only at scientists but also at individuals actively making conservation and management decisions. To that end, the text features contributors who are major figures in molecular ecology and evolution - many having published books of their own. The aim is to direct and distil the thoughts of these outstanding scientists by compiling compelling case histories in molecular ecology as they apply to natural resource management.
Download or read book Terrestrial Vegetation of California 3rd Edition written by Michael Barbour and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2007-07-17 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This completely new edition of Terrestrial Vegetation of California clearly documents the extraordinary complexity and richness of the plant communities and of the state and the forces that shape them. This volume is a storehouse of information of value to anyone concerned with meeting the challenge of understanding, managing or conserving these unique plant communities under the growing threats of climate change, biological invasions and development."—Harold Mooney, Professor of Environmental Biology, Stanford University "The plants of California are under threat like never before. Traditional pressures of development and invasive species have been joined by a newly-recognized threat: human-caused climate change. It is essential that we thoroughly understand current plant community dynamics in order to have a hope of conserving them. This book represents an important, well-timed advance in knowledge of the vegetation of this diverse state and is an essential resource for professionals, students, and the general public alike."—Brent Mishler, Director of the University & Jepson Herbaria and Professor of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley
Download or read book The Red List of US Oaks written by Diana Jerome and published by . This book was released on 2017-08 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Red List of US Oaks is a summary of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species assessments for all 91 species of Quercus in the United States.
Download or read book Tropical Ecosystems Structure Functions and Challenges in the Face of Global Change written by Satish Chandra Garkoti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book brings together research topics having a broad focus on human and climate change impacts on the terrestrial ecosystems in the tropics in general and more specifically from the most significant and vulnerable Himalayan ecosystem. A total of 16 contributions included in the book cover a diverse range of global change themes such as the impacts of changing temperature and precipitation on soil ecosystems, forest degradation, extent and impacts of invasive species, plant responses to pollution, climate change impacts on biodiversity and tree phenology, environmental changes associated with land use, importance of traditional knowledge in climate change adaptation, timberline ecosystems, and role of integrated landscape modeling for sustainable management of natural resources. The book is a collective endeavour of an international multidisciplinary group of scientists focused on improving our understanding of the impacts of global change on the structure and functioning of tropical ecosystems and addressing the challenges of their future sustainable management. We hope that the book will help researchers working in the areas of ecology and environmental science to update their knowledge. We also expect that natural resource managers and policy planners will find explanations for some of their observations and hypotheses on multiple global change factors impacting tropical ecosystems and especially Himalayan ecosystems.
Download or read book Mediterranean Oak Woodland Working Landscapes written by Pablo Campos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oak tree was a boon companion as humans expanded their presence across much of the globe. While oak woodlands (Quercus spp.) come today in stunningly diverse forms, the stately dehesas of Spain and the dramatic oak-dominated ranchlands of California are working landscapes where cultivation and manipulation for a couple of millennia have shaped Mediterranean-type ecosystems into a profoundly modified yet productive environment that is sought-after by every manner of species. The grazing of wildlife and livestock in oak woodlands yields a remarkable plant and animal biodiversity, creating a mosaic of habitats and visually pleasing savannas. Added products unique to Spain such as Iberian pigs and cork, and in California multiple landowner benefits, include valued ecosystem services that allow owners, visitors, and conservation supporters to experience the benefits of woodland life. With its 15 chapters a decade in the making, this handsomely illustrated book covers key topics in oak woodland policy, ecology, and management in Spain and California, presenting new research results and reviewing an existing expert literature.
Download or read book Behaviour and Ecology of Spiders written by Carmen Viera and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-02 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the last few decades, arachnology in the Neotropical region has experienced a great development filling the knowledge gap in one of the most diverse regions of the world. Nevertheless, large geographical areas remain poorly sampled, especially within the Amazon, and new genera and species have been continuously discovered, even in urban areas. In congruence with the recent improvements in research, several aspects of the ecology, behaviour and natural history of spiders, such as interactions with other predators and parasitoids, social interactions, dispersal patterns, habitat requirements, mating behaviors, among others, are being carefully investigated. These recent contributions incorporate substantial information on the preexisting knowledge on these subjects every year. Our main objective with this book is to present a summary on these new researches and on the currently knowledge on the main subjects involved in the general theme, emphasizing the contribution of the rich fauna of the Neotropical region to the research of behaviour and ecology of the spiders.
