Download or read book Water Problems in the Rural Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book WATER PROBLEMS IN THE RURAL ENVIRONMENT ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER DISPOSAL written by HALL M W ED and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a conference designed to examine the current rural water situation. Rural water supply and wastewater disposal problems, including both quality and quantity, were considered. The socio-economic and technological aspects of alternative solutions to rural water problems and the various impacts involved in changing or improving the current situation were examined. Future research and related needs to solve various rural water problems were outlined. The conference focused on domestic and farmstead use of water and included consideration of supply systems ranging from that required for an individual home to that required for a small community.

Download or read book Alternative Wastewater Treatment written by A.S. Eikum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the end of World War II there was a major migra tion of population in the United States and Scandinavian countries to urban areas. As a result of this migration and in part due to the public works moratoria imposed during the war, a major pro gram of sewer construction was instigated, which resulted in the collection and subsequent concentration of large volumes of waste water at single discharge points. As the assimilative capacity of these receiving waters was exceeded, it led to or aggravated existing water pollution problems in these waters. To mitigate this degradation of water quality a massive program to construct wastewater treatment facilities was instigated. In addition, large amounts of money were spent on research to improve the technology of the conventional collection and treatment concept. In contrast, the wastewater disposal problem of the rural home owner received little attention, and in most cases the septic tank soil absorption system (ST-SAS) was the interim solution. In recent years there has been a fundamental change in the population growth pattern in the US and Scandinavian countries. It appears that a great many people are moving back to rural areas where they seem to prefer the suburban or small town envi ronment, yet at the same time want all the conveniences of urban life. The provision of proper wastewater disposal facilities presents a very perplexing problem, because the capital and operating costs of conventional sewers are usually financially impractical for rural areas.

Download or read book Frontiers in Urban Water Management written by Cedo Maksimovic and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2001-05-31 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontiers in Urban Water Management presents the state-of-the art in urban water management at the beginning of the 21st century. The book marks the end of the fifth phase of UNESCO's International Hydrological Programme in this field by bringing together major scientific and professional players to address critical and topical issues in water management. This team of leading world experts investigate themes such as the challenges of urban water management, infrastructure integration issues, and emerging paradigms in water supply and sanitation. Key issues are investigated from the hydrological, technical and managerial points of view, incorporating both social and economic realities. Specific reference is also made to solutions for developing countries. With a view to the future, conclusions from past experiences are highlighted, new pathways are explored and future developments are suggested. Contents The challenge of urban water management Urban water as a part of integrated catchment management Interactions with the environment Infrastructure integration issues Emerging paradigms in water supply and sanitation Problems of developing countries Economic and financial aspects Social, institutional and regulatory issues Outlook for the 21st Century

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water Supply and Water Scarcity written by Vasileios A. Tzanakakis and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-04 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book includes selected papers that has been published in the Water journal Special Issue (SI) on Water Supply and Water Scarcity. Moreover, an overview of the SI is included. The papers selected for publication in the SI include review and research papers on water history, on water management issues under water scarcity regimes, on rainwater harvesting, on water quality and degradation, and on climatic variability impacts on water resources. Overall, the issue identify and highlight the main challenges in water sector, and particularly in management and protection of water resources and in use of alternative (non-conventional) water resources, especially in areas with demographic change and climate vulnerability in order to achieve sustainable and secure water supply. Furthermore, general guidelines and possible solutions for an improved and sophisticated water management system are proposed and discussed, such as the adoption of advanced technological solutions and practices that improve water-use efficiency and the use of alternative water resources, to address the growing environmental and health issues and to reduce the emerging conflicts among water users.

Download or read book Efficient Management of Wastewater written by Ismail Al Baz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-12 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water reuse management is one of the challenges all water scarce countries have to deal with in the coming decades. The present book highlights non-conventional solutions within the field of wastewater treatment and reuse predominantly for professionals and decision makers. It focuses on technologies which are reliable, sustainable, low cost and suitable for rural and sub urban areas. In addition, particularly innovative on-site concepts are presented.

Download or read book Safe Water From Every Tap written by Committee on Small Water Supply Systems and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-01-13 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small communities violate federal requirements for safe drinking water as much as three times more often than cities. Yet these communities often cannot afford to improve their water service. Safe Water From Every Tap reviews the risks of violating drinking water standards and discusses options for improving water service in small communities. Included are detailed reviews of a wide range of technologies appropriate for treating drinking water in small communities. The book also presents a variety of institutional options for improving the management efficiency and financial stability of water systems.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Solving Global Water Crises written by Jo-Shing Yang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water is the next oil over which nations will fight wars. Severe water shortages already affect some 450 million people living in 29 countries, and analysts have predicted that tensions over water rights in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East could explode into violent clahses and even full-blown wars if governments do not manage existing water supplies more efficiently. Worldwide, 220 river basins are shared by two or more countries and the tensions caused by water scarcity will escalate in this century---the water shortage problems will be exacerbated by global warming and its associated unpredicatable weather patterns. In 2001, the CIA predicted that by 2015, almost half of the world?s population, more than 3 billion people, will live in "water-stressed"countries. How can communities that don't have millions of dollars to hire multinational engineering companies to build highly advanced (but also highly energy and chemical intensive) water- and wastewater-treatment systems? This book is full of practical, low-cost, effective, ecological and economically sustainable, environmental friendly solutions for communities. In the 762 pages (with 185 diagrams and 910 photographs), readers will be introduced to many types of ecologically designed and engineered water- and wastewater-treatment systems, which communities can build with locally available labor, expertise, and resources. Table of Contents and Chapters Chapter 1. Solving global water crises and restoring the environment with ecological engineering. A new paradigm for crafting solutions to global water crises. The significance of ecological engineering. Who will control the water? Privatization, corporatization, militarization, and globalization of water and water rights. Global water scarcity and water use in agriculture. Case study: integrated aquaculture, biological pest control, nutrient recycling, and wastewater polishing in Chinese rice paddies. Chapter 2. Introduction to conventional water-recycling and water-treatment systems. Water intake. Chemical usage and storage. Flocculating clarifier: Coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation. Filter cells and sand-filter systems. Recycled-water disinfection using chlorine. Pumps and electrical consumption in conventional water-treatment and recycling systems. Recycled-water distribution system and pumping station. Control systems and control room. Reverse-osmosis systems in water-reclamation plants. Seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers around the world. On-site laboratories for water analyses at conventional water-treatment plants. Forest and watershed protection for cost savings in drinking-water filtration. Chapter 3. Introduction to conventional wastewater-treatment systems. The role of fossil fuel and electrical infrastructure in conventional wastewater treatment. Solids removal by coarse and fine screens. Grit removal in grit chambers. Primary sedimentation in tanks and clarifiers. Conventional secondary treatment: activated-sludge and oxygenation aeration. Secondary treatment in final settling basins and secondary clarifiers. Biological filters and trickling filters. Sewage-sludge production and biosolids processing in conventional wastewater-treatment plants. Anaerobic digesters, biogas production, and on-site power generation using sewage sludge. Disinfection of treated wastewater effluent by chlorination, ozonation, and UV radiation. Sewers and pipe systems in conventional wastewater-treatment plants. Chapter 4. Ponds and aquaculture in ecological wastewater-treatment systems. Ponds in cost-effective sewage-treatment technology for small, rural, and remote communities. Models of pond hydrodynamics and biochemical processes in the context of treatment and purification kinetics. Pond designs. Small municipal wastewater-treatment systems. Upgrading facultative ponds and waste-stabilization pond effluents. Agricultural reuse of treated wastewater from waste-stabilization and maturation ponds. Algal ponds in sewage treatment. Case study: A pond system for treating palm-oil mill effluent. Ethical issues anad disclaimer about freshwater-fish polyculture. Combining wastewater recycling and food production in an integrated aquaculture-wetland ecosystem. Case study: Manure-fed and wastewater-fed fish aquaculture in small-town municipal sewage treatment. Case study: Fish-aquaculture-based system for the purification of primary-treated municipal sewage. Case study: Waste-stabilization ponds for wastewater treatment, fish production, and multiple-crop irrigation. Case study: Low-cost sanitation and waste recycling using sewage-fed fish-aquaculture pond systems. Chapter 5. Aquatic plants, macrophytes, halophytes, hydroponic vegetables, trees, and agroforestry in ecological wastewater-treatment systems. Mechanisms of macrophyte-based wastewater-treatment systems. The role of macrophyte roots. Macrophytes and trees in wastewater-treatment plants. The removal of bacteria, viruses, and pathogenic organisms in macrophyte-based wastewater treatment. Aquatic plants in tertiary or advanced wastewater treatment. Biological purification of drinking water using miniature macrophyte-based, constructed ecosystems. Vegetated shoals, bioditches, bioponds, moor filters, peat biofilters, and planted buffer strips in wastewater treatment and pollution prevention. Using macrophytes in hydroponic tertiary treatment and polishing of secondary effluent. Hydroponic crop production to recycle wastes in space stations' closed systems and ecosystems. Evaluating commercial-crop growth potential of a hydroponic sewage-treatment system. Aquatic-macrophyte ponds in the purification of hospital sewage. Macrophytes in septic-tank wastewater treatment. Combined macrophyte-polyculture wastewater-purification and nutrient-recycling system for zoos. Macrophytes and microphytes in a pond-wetland system for rural sewage treatment. Combined algae-water hyacinths in nitrogen removal in industrial wastewater. Salt-tolerant plants, or halophytes, in the treatment of saline wastewater and mitigation of pollution in estuaries and coastal waters. Wastewater purification with water-peanut ponds. Cast study: Macrophyte wastewater-purification ponds combined with nutrient recycling and food production. Mechanical harvesting of macrophytes. Macrophyte species in ecological sewage treatment. Restoration of a reservoir-watershed with agroforestry (and eco-orchards) and ecological engineering. Chapter 6. Constructed wetlands and reed-bed systems in ecological wastewater treatment. The importance of wetlands in protecting natural water quality and watershed health. Three basic types of constructed wetlands. Reed-bed systems for natural sludge dewatering, composting, and storage. Case study: Domestic wastewater treatment using constructed wetlands in India, New Zealand, and the Czech Republic. Case study: An integrated constructed wetland with tea trees (Melaleuca) in Australia. Cast study: Constructed wetlands for nitrate removal in the drinking-water supply of southern California. Case study: Constructed wetlands for river reclamation in Israel. Local and migratory birds in restored wetlands. Chapter 7. Ecological design of greywater recycling and treatment systems. Phytoremediation in the treatment of greywater and chemically contaminated water: Phytoaccumulation, phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization, phytopumping, phytodegradation/phytotransformation, rhizofiltration, and rhizodegradation. Small domestic water-reuse systems for communities. Flowform aeration and natural oxygenation in riverbed flows in wastewater treatment and water purification. Cast studies: (1) A triplicate soil-layer infiltration-wetland-pond system for greywater and rainwater purification in Sweden; (2) Water reclamation with irrigated woodlots and horticulture in Australia; (3) Reed beds for greywater treatment in Costa Rica; (4) Pilot-scale natural treatment system in Mexico. Chapter 8. Living Machines and Solar Aquatics: Examples of integrated, ecological wastewater-treatment systems. What is a Living Machine? The Living Machines in Sonoma Mountain Brewery and the Mars/Ethel M Chocolates Factory in Henderson, NV. An evaluation of a Living Machines Pilot Tertiary Treatment System in San Francisco. Stensund Wastewater Aquaculture in Sweden. The Solar Aquatics in Harwich, Massachusetts. Ethical issues on using fish and other aquatic animals in wastewater treatment. Chapter 9. Low-cost filters and sorbents for water and wastewater treatment. Low-cost sorbents. Fungal biodegradation of wastes in filters. Compact sand filters. Wastewater filtering with ring-shaped floating plastic net media. Fungal biosorbent. Plant-based biomass biosorbent. Sand filters with granitic and volcanic alluvial soils in "Soakaway Pits" for piggery wastewater. Compact sand-and-textile-flock filters for wastewater treatment in households and small communities. Case Study: Permeable pavement filters for water-storage reservoirs. Anthracite ash as low-cost media in fixed-film biological filters. Aerated membranes and biofilters in pilot systems. Microbial biodegradation of chlorophenols and chlorinated hydrocarbons using sand and diatomaceous earth in fluidized-bed bioreactors. Chapter 10. Ecological wastewater-treatment systems for animal manure and high-strength agricultural wastes. Water pollution by industry-scale factory farms. Anaerobic digestion of manure and organic matter. Miniaturizing natural ecosystems in treatment systems. Case studies: (1) A prototype system for the treatment of piggery wastewater; (2) High-rate pond system for piggery wastewater treatment; (3) Combined lagoon-wetland system for piggery wastewater treatment; (4) Constructed wetlands for the treatment of dairy flush water and piggery wastewater; (5) Nutrient recycling of liquid piggery waste with sand filters, macrophytes, and fish aquaculture; (6) In-situ composting of piggery waste with sawdust. Ecological design process: A sample design for a factory dairy farm's manure- and wastewater-treatment system.

Download or read book Wastewater Treatment Alternatives for Rural and Semirural Areas written by Nina I. McClelland and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diffuse Pollution written by N. Campbell and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2005-02-01 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffuse (non-point source) pollution is increasingly being recognised as a major source of water quality problems in both surface and ground water. Indeed, as pollution resulting from point sources is reduced by the efforts of regulators, diffuse sources frequently remain as the dominant source of pollution. The book is an introductory text covering the nature, causes and the significance of diffuse pollution of both urban and rural origin. Best management practices to tackle the problems are examined as are the ways in which the adoption of such practices may be brought about. Use is made of case studies from several countries to examine the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches. Diffuse Pollution covers both urban and rural sources. Urban sources include run-off from impermeable surfaces of roads, industrial areas and housing which may be contaminated by hydrocarbons, heavy metals, organic chemicals and other undesirable substances. Rural sources include water containing pollutants arising from agriculture and forestry such as plant nutrients, pesticides, microbes and soil itself. This concise book will prove useful to practitioners in the field of pollution control both in an urban and a rural environment, to regulators, to researchers new to the field, and to academics and students. An extensive reference section aids the reader in exploring the subject further. Contents Diffuse pollution A Best Practice Approach An Introduction to BMPs for built environments Managing diffuse pollution from urban sources - a survey of best practice experience Rural BMPs Rural best practice experience Regulation, Economic instruments, and Education for controlling diffuse pollution Sustainability Full Contents List (439KB)

Download or read book Providing Safe Drinking Water in Small Systems written by Joseph Cotruvo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continued lack of access to adequate amounts of safe drinking water is one of the primary causes of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide and a serious situation which governments, international agencies and private organizations are striving to alleviate. Barriers to providing safe drinking water for rural areas and small communities that must be overcome include the financing and stability of small systems, their operation, and appropriate, cost-effective technologies to treat and deliver water to consumers. While we know how to technically produce safe drinking water, we are not always able to achieve sustainable safe water supplies for small systems in developed and developing countries. Everyone wants to move rapidly to reach the goal of universal safe drinking water, because safe water is the most fundamental essential element for personal and social health and welfare. Without safe water and a safe environment, sustained personal economic and cultural development is impossible. Often small rural systems are the last in the opportunity line. Safe Drinking Water in Small Systems describes feasible technologies, operating procedures, management, and financing opportunities to alleviate problems faced by small water systems in both developed and developing countries. In addition to widely used traditional technologies this reference presents emerging technologies and non-traditional approaches to water treatment, management, sources of energy, and the delivery of safe water.

Download or read book Environmental Engineering for the 21st Century written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-03-08 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental engineers support the well-being of people and the planet in areas where the two intersect. Over the decades the field has improved countless lives through innovative systems for delivering water, treating waste, and preventing and remediating pollution in air, water, and soil. These achievements are a testament to the multidisciplinary, pragmatic, systems-oriented approach that characterizes environmental engineering. Environmental Engineering for the 21st Century: Addressing Grand Challenges outlines the crucial role for environmental engineers in this period of dramatic growth and change. The report identifies five pressing challenges of the 21st century that environmental engineers are uniquely poised to help advance: sustainably supply food, water, and energy; curb climate change and adapt to its impacts; design a future without pollution and waste; create efficient, healthy, resilient cities; and foster informed decisions and actions.

Download or read book Water and Cities written by Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report focuses on the urban water management challenges facing cities across OECD countries, and explores both national and local policy responses with respect to water-risk exposure, the state of urban infrastructures and dynamics, and institutional and governance architectures. The analyses focus on four mutually dependent dimensions – finance, innovation, urban-rural co-operation and governance – and proposes a solutions-oriented typology based on urban characteristics. The report underlines that sustainable urban water management will depend on collaboration across different tiers of government working together with local initiatives and stakeholders.

Download or read book Waste Water Removal in Rural Areas written by L. Zahrer and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water Code written by Texas and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: