Download or read book Water Hydrogen Bonding in Proton Exchange and Neutral Polymer Membranes written by Sarah Smedley and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the dynamics of water sorbed into polymer films is critical to reveal structure-property relationships in membranes for energy and water treatment applications, where membranes must interact with water to facilitate or inhibit the transport of ions. The chemical structure of the polymer has drastic effects on the transport properties of the membrane due to the morphological structure of the polymer and how water is interacting with the functional groups on the polymer backbone. Therefore studying the dynamics of water adsorbed into a membrane will give insight into how water-polymer interactions influence transport properties of the film. With a better understanding of how to design materials to have specific properties, we can accelerate development of smarter materials for both energy and water treatment applications to increase efficiency and create high-flux materials and processes. The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the water-polymer interactions in proton exchange and uncharged membranes and make correlations to their charge densities and transport properties. A linear Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic method for measuring the hydrogen bonding distribution of water sorbed in proton exchange membranes is described in this thesis. The information on the distribution of the microenvironments of water in an ionic polymer is critical to understanding the effects of different acidic groups on the proton conductivity of proton exchange membranes at low relative humidity. The OD stretch of dilute HOD in H2O is a single, well-defined vibrational band. When HOD in dilute H2O is sorbed into a proton exchange membrane, the OD stretch peak shifts based on the microenvironment that water encounters within the nanophase separated structure of the material. This peak shift is a signature of different hydrogen bonding populations within the membrane, which can be deconvoluted rigorously for dilute HOD in H2O compared to only qualitative observations that can be made with pure D2O or H2O. The theory and experimental practice of determining the hydrogen bonding distribution of water in a range of proton exchange membranes bearing aromatic sulfonate and perfluorosulfonate groups using this OD stretch technique is discussed. The OD stretch of dilute HOD in H2O absorbed in a series of sulfonated syndiotactic poly(styrene) and sulfonated poly(sulfone) membranes was studied using FTIR spectroscopy to measure how the character of the sulfonate headgroup and the backbone polarity influenced the water-membrane interactions. Using a three-state model, the OD stretch yielded information about the populations of absorbed water participating in hydrogen bonds with polymer-tethered sulfonate groups, water in an intermediate state, or water hydrogen bonding with other water molecules. The perflouroalkyl sulfonate moiety, which behaves as a superacid, consistently displayed the largest fraction of headgroup-associated water due to its strong acidic character. Measurements of the OD stretch gave insight to the strength of the hydrogen bonds formed between water and the sulfonate groups. Water associated with the superacid displayed an OD stretch peak position that was blueshifted by 39 cm-1 compared to the aryl sulfonate associated water with an OD stretching frequency that was centered at 2547 cm-1. The polarity of the polymer backbone also affected the OD stretch peak position. As hydration increased, the OD peak stretching frequency in poly(styrene)-based membranes displayed a redshift from 2566 cm-1 to 2553 cm-1, whereas there was no OD peak maxima shift in poly(sulfone)-based membranes due to the greater amount of intermediate water in the more polar poly(sulfone) backbone system.To further understand how the acidity of the sulfonate can be altered and how the acidity affects the hydrogen bonding network of water in a polymer membrane, various polymers with small chemical differences in the perfluorosulfonate sidechain were studied. In addition to the vibrational spectroscopy measurements using HOD as a probe, the partial charges of the sulfonate groups were calculating using DMol3 DFT calculations. The calculations and the experimentally determined peak position of the OD stretch both correlated to give a ranking of acidity for the various sidechains. It was found that having a thioether linkage instead of an ether linkage (typical linkage for perflurosulfonates) increased the acidity of the sulfonate group due to the capability of sulfur to expand its octet and more readily accept additional electron density. Through DFT geometry optimization, it was discovered that the thioether linkage prefers a kinked configuration while the ether linkage gives a more linear sidechain structure. This structural configuration correlated to experimental findings allowing more water to interact with the sulfonate group containing the ether linkage than the thioether linkage due to the sulfonate group being more easily accessible, even though the thioether sidechain is more acidic.Three sulfonated poly(arylene sulfone) based polymers were studied using FTIR and DFT calculations to better understand how the acidity of the sulfonate groups were affected by the placement on the backbone. By increasing the number of sulfone groups, which have electron withdrawing properties, flanking the sulfonated aromatic ring, the acidity was increased. The charge density of a sulfonate group flanked by two sulfone groups was -1.626 (in units of fundamental charge), while the charge density of a sulfonate group flanked by one sulfone group increased to -1.703. Additionally, if the subsequent ring was unsulfonated, the charge density further increased to 1.737, indicating that some stability is gained by both available rings being sulfonated. The differences in charge density are reflected in the water uptake and conductivity measurements, where the samples with the lowest charge density had the highest water uptake and conductivity. The deconvoluted OD peak revealed that the sample with two sulfone groups flanking the sulfonated aromatic ring contains the highest amount of bulk-like water, which led to the increased conductivity. The polyamide active layer of commercially available reverse osmosis membranes was studied at various relative humilities to better understand how the structure of the active layer changes when hydrated. The fingerprint region was used to analyze changes in the vibrational signature of specific functional groups and to understand how different chemical moieties interact with water. Using the difference spectrum, the water-polymer interactions could be quantified and correlated to transport properties of the membrane. Increasing the amount of free carboxylic acid groups on the backbone will lead to an active layer that is less crosslinked and contains a greater number of larger pores, which results in a higher flux. Active layers that contained a smaller concentration of free carboxylic acids were more highly crosslinked and had a higher amount of smaller pores, resulting in a lower flux. In summary, by studying the water hydrogen bonding network in various proton exchange membranes and neutral polyamide membranes, a new understanding of structure-property relationships has been developed. This will lead to a greater understanding of transport properties and conductivity in various polymer membranes. Expanding this fundamental knowledge will lead to the development of smarter materials for energy and reverse osmosis applications, and the ideas developed here can be extended to new types of materials used for various needs.

Download or read book The Hydrogen Bond and the Water Molecule written by Yves Marechal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-11 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hydrogen Bond and the Water Molecule offers a synthesis of what is known and currently being researched on the topic of hydrogen bonds and water molecules. The most simple water molecular, H2O, is a fascinating but poorly understood molecule. Its unique ability to attract an exceptionally large number of hydrogen bonds induces the formation of a dense "hydrogen bond network" that has the potential to modify the properties of the surrounding molecules and their reactivities. The crucial role that water molecules play is described in this book. The author begins by providing an overview of the thermodynamical and structural properties of H-bonds before examining their much less known dynamical properties, which makes them appear as centres of reactivity. Methods used to observe these components are also reviewed. In the second part of the book the role played by the dense H-bond network developed by H2O molecules is examined. First in ice, where it has important atmospheric consequences, then in liquid water, and finally in macromolecules where it sheds some original light on the fundamental question "How is it that without water and hydrogen bonds life would not exist?". This book will be of interest to researchers in the fields of physics, chemistry, biochemistry and molecular biology. It can also serve as a teaching aid for students attending course in chemical physics, chemistry or molecular biology. Engineers involved the water industry would benefit from reading this book, as would scientists working in pharmaceutics, cosmetics and materials. * overview of what is known and being researched on the topic of hydrogen bonds and water molecules * reviews methods used to observe interactions between water molecules and hydrogen bonds * examines role of H-bond network developed by H2O molecules

Download or read book Ab Initio Studies of Proton Transport in Proton Exchange Membranes written by Jeffrey Keith Clark and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A molecular-level understanding of the factors that contribute to transport properties of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) for fuel cell applications is needed to aid in the development of superior membrane materials. Ab initio electronic structure calculations were undertaken on various PEM ionomer fragments to explore the effects of local hydration, side chain connectivity, protogenic group separation, and specific side chain chemistry on proton dissociation and transfer at low hydration. Cooperative interactions between both intra- and inter-molecular acidic groups and hydrogen bond connectivity were found to enhance proton dissociation at very low degrees of hydration. The energetics associated with proton transfer were highly dependent on the disruption of the hydrogen bond network where bond breaking, without an accompanying formation of a new bond, was strongly resisted. The effects of nanoscale confinement within different hydrophobic environments on structural and dynamical properties in PEMs were studied using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations on idealized systems of water molecules, slightly acidic water, and acid molecules confined in bare and fluorinated single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different diameters. Inclusion of the fluorine atoms led to considerably different hydrogen bond structuring within the nanotube than in the bare CNTs. The water molecules in the fluorinated CNTs exhibited hydrogen bond-like interactions with the fluorine atoms resulting in a preferential, well-structured arrangement near the CNT surface. This was also observed with the addition of an excess proton where the proton shuttled between water molecules near the fluorinated walls rather than along the tube axis, as found in the bare CNTs. For aqueous triflic acid, proton dissociation depended on the level of hydration, the degree of confinement, and the surrounding environment. At the lowest hydration level, dissociation was most pronounced in the bare CNTs with little dissociation in the fluorinated systems regardless of the diameter. However, at the highest hydration level, the least amount of dissociation was observed in the larger diameter bare tube due to direct hydrogen bonding between triflic acid molecules with nearly complete dissociation in each of the others indicating an influence of the confinement and the fluorinated surface on hydrogen bonding and proton transfer properties.

Download or read book PEM Water Electrolysis written by Dmitri Bessarabov and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Primers is a series of concise books that present those coming into this broad and multidisciplinary field the most recent advances in each of its particular topics. Its volumes bring together information that has thus far been scattered in many different sources under one single title, which makes them a useful reference for industry professionals, researchers and graduate students, especially those starting in a new topic of research. These volumes, PEM Water Electrolysis vol 1 and 2, allows these readers to identify the technology gaps for the development of commercially viable PEM electrolysis systems for energy applications. This primer examines the fundamentals of PEM electrolysis and selected research topics that are currently subject of attention by academic and industry community, such as gas cross-over and AST protocols. This lays the foundation for the exploration of the current industrial trends for PEM electrolysis, such as power to gas application, are discussed, with strong focus on the current trends in the application of PEM electrolysis associated with energy storage. These include durability aspects of PEM electrolysis systems and components, accelerated stress test protocols, manufacturing aspects of large-scale electrolyzers and components, gas crossover problems in PEM electrolyzer safety, and challenges associated with high-current density operation of PEM electrolyzers. A technology development matrix for systems and components requirements will also be covered, as well as unconventional PEM water electrolysis systems, such as ozone generators Presents the fundamentals and most current knowledge in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers Explores the technology gaps and challenges for commercial deployment of PEM water electrolysis technologies Includes unconventional systems, such as ozone generators Brings together information from many different sources under one single title, making it a useful reference for industry professionals, researchers and graduate students alike

Download or read book Hydrogen Bond Research written by Peter Schuster and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seven review articles and original papers provide a representative overview of the research work done in hydrogen bond research at Austrian universities. The topics covered by the contributions are: state-of-the-art of understanding hydrogen bonding in biopolymers; recent NMR techniques for studying hydrogen bonding in aqueous solutions; intramolecular hydrogen bonding and proton transfer in a class of Mannich bases derived from substituted phenols and naphthols; competition between intramolecular hydrogen bonds in ortho-disubstituted phenols; molecular dynamic simulations on proton transfer in 5,8-dihydroxynaphthoquinone and in the formic acid dimer; accurate calculations of the intermolecular interactions in cyanoacetylen dimers; correlation between OH...O bond distances and OH stretching frequencies as derived from structural and spectroscopic data of minerals.

Download or read book Ultrafast Hydrogen Bonding Dynamics and Proton Transfer Processes in the Condensed Phase written by Thomas Elsaesser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen bonds represent type of molecular interaction that determines the structure and function of a large variety of molecular systems. The elementary dynamics of hydrogen bonds and related proton transfer reactions, both occurring in the ultra fast time domain between 10-14 and 10-11s, form a research topic of high current interest. In this book addressing scientists and graduate students in physics, chemistry and biology, the ultra fast dynamics of hydrogen bonds and proton transfer in the condensed phase are reviewed by leading scientists, documenting the state of the art in this exciting field from the viewpoint of theory and experiment. The nonequilibrium behavior of hydrogen-bonded liquids and intramolecular hydrogen bonds as well as photo induced hydrogen and proton transfer are covered in 7 chapters, making reference to the most recent literature.

Download or read book Hydrogen Bonding written by D. Hadži and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen Bonding covers the papers presented at the Symposium on Hydrogen Bonding, held at Ljubljana on July 29 to August 3, 1957. The book focuses on the developments, processes, approaches, methodologies, and reactions involved in hydrogen bonding. The selection first offers information on the structure of water; function of hydrogen bond in solids and liquids; and study of hydrogen bonds by neutron diffraction. The text then takes a look at x-ray and neutron studies of hydrogen bonding; x-ray studies of ammonium bifluoride, potassium hydrogen maleate, theophylline, and caffeine; and isotope effect in relation to bond length in hydrogen bonds in crystals. The publication ponders on proton magnetic resonance measurements of hydrogen bonding; interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance shifts in hydrogen bonding; nuclear resonance investigation of hydrogen bonding; and infrared spectroscopy and hydrogen bonding — band-widths and frequency shifts. The book then examines the tunneling of protons as a cause of the splitting of hydroxyl stretching bands; infrared spectroscopic study of H-bonding and of metal-element bonding; and effect of hydrogen bond formation on the electronic spectra of phenolic substances. The selection is a vital source of information for readers interested in hydrogen bonding.

Download or read book Snow Ice And Other Wonders Of Water A Tribute To The Hydrogen Bond written by Ivar Olovsson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-12-18 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book illustrates the fascinating world of the different forms of water — from ice and snow to liquid water. The water molecule, H2O, is the second most common molecule in the Universe (behind hydrogen, H2) and ice is the most abundant solid material. Snow and ice appear in a countless large number of different shapes and with properties which can be quite different. Detailed knowledge of the properties of snow is of great importance for the Sami people involved in reindeer herding and several hundred names are used to characterize the different types.The properties of ice and liquid water are very special and unique in several respects. In contrast to most other substances, the density of ice is lower than that of liquid water, which has many very important consequences in our daily life. Water plays a unique role in chemistry and although tremendous research has been spent on this seemingly simple substance, there are still many unsolved questions about the structure of liquid water. The special properties of water are due to hydrogen bonding between the H2O molecules, and this book may be seen as a tribute to the hydrogen bond. The general properties of the hydrogen bond are treated in three separate papers. The hydrogen bond is of fundamental importance in biological systems since all living matter has evolved from and exists in an aqueous environment and hydrogen bonds are involved in most biological processes. There is a hundred times more water molecules in our bodies than the sum of all the other molecules put together.

Download or read book Progress and Recent Trends in Microbial Fuel Cells written by Patit Paban Kundu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-06-07 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress and Recent Trends in Microbial Fuel Cells provides an in-depth analysis of the fundamentals, working principles, applications and advancements (including commercialization aspects) made in the field of Microbial Fuel Cells research, with critical analyses and opinions from experts around the world. Microbial Fuel cell, as a potential alternative energy harnessing device, has been progressing steadily towards fruitful commercialization. Involvements of electrolyte membranes and catalysts have been two of the most critical factors toward achieving this progress. Added applications of MFCs in areas of bio-hydrogen production and wastewater treatment have made this technology extremely attractive and important. . Reviews and compares MFCs with other alternative energy harnessing devices, particularly in comparison to other fuel cells Analyses developments of electrolyte membranes, electrodes, catalysts and biocatalysts as critical components of MFCs, responsible for their present and future progress Includes commercial aspects of MFCs in terms of (i) generation of electricity, (ii) microbial electrolysis cell, (iii) microbial desalination cell, and (iv) wastewater and sludge treatment

Download or read book Mass and Charge Transport in Hydrated Polymeric Membranes written by Marshall T. McDonnell and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass and charge transport through hydrated polymer membranes has significant importance for many areas of engineering and industry. Multi-scale modeling and simulation techniques were used to study transport in relation to two specific membrane applications: (1) food packaging and (2) additives for polymer electrolytes. Chitosan/chitin films were studied due to their use as a sustainable, biodegradable food packaging film. The effects of hydration on the solvation, diffusivity, solubility, and permeability of oxygen molecules in these films were studied via molecular dynamics and confined random walk simulations. With increasing hydration, the membrane was observed to have a more homogeneous water distribution with the polymer chains being fully solvated. Insight from this work will help guide molecular modeling of chitosan/chitin membranes and experimental synthesis of these membranes, specifically highlighting efforts to chemically tailor chitosan membranes to favor discrete as opposed to continuous aqueous domains to help reduce oxygen permeability. Additives for proton exchange membranes (PEMs) were studied to aid in the developing next-generation membrane materials for fuel cell applications. We calculate and present predictions of our analytical model that describes the fundamental relationship between the nanoscale structure of PEMs and their proton conductivity using a set of structural descriptors, accounting for nanopore size, functionalization and connectivity in order to predict proton conductivities in PEMs. The model reproduces experimentally determined conductivities in two current PEM materials. To extend the model based on structural descriptors of PEMs, we studied polyethylene glycol (PEG), a polymer used in electrochemistry applications due to it hydrophilicity and pH-dependent behavior in aqueous environments. We conducted ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of an excess proton in bulk water and aqueous triethylene glycol (TEG) solution and reactive molecular dynamics simulations of an excess proton in bulk water, aqueous TEG solution, and aqueous PEG solution. We determined differences in protonic defect structures, kinetics, thermodynamics, and hydrogen-bond networks associated with structural diffusion between systems. Driving forces for polymeric membrane design goals include economics, efficiency, energy consumption and sustainable production. Insight from this work hopes to aid in determining key design parameters and reduce time-to-discovery for developing next-generation polymeric membranes.

Download or read book Handbook of Membrane Separations written by Anil K. Pabby and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-22 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of the Handbook of Membrane Separations: Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Food, and Biotechnological Applications provides a comprehensive discussion of membrane applications. Fully updated to include the latest advancements in membrane science and technology, it is a one-of-its-kind overview of the existing literature. This fully illustrated handbook is written by experts and professionals in membrane applications from around the world. Key Features: Includes entirely new chapters on organic solvent-resistant nanofiltration, membrane condensers, membrane-reactors in hydrogen production, membrane materials for haemodialysis, and integrated membrane distillation Covers the full spectrum of membrane technology and its advancements Explores membrane applications in a range of fields, from biotechnological and food processing to industrial waste management and environmental engineering This book will appeal to both newcomers to membrane science as well as engineers and scientists looking to expand their knowledge on upcoming advancements in the field.

Download or read book Water Hydrogen Bond Structure and Dynamics in Ionic and Polymeric Aqueous Systems written by Sean Anthony Roget and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water is a simple molecule with many unique physical properties that are critical to life on earth. Its properties arise from its extended hydrogen-bonded network, in which water-water hydrogen bonds are constantly breaking and forming. However, in many biological systems and materials, the water network is impacted by the presence of solutes and interfaces. In this thesis, the structure and dynamics of the hydrogen bond network are examined in technologically relevant materials where water plays a key role. The systems studied include fuel cell membranes, hydrogels and concentrated salt solutions. Nonlinear infrared spectroscopy can be used to experimentally observe ultrafast motions of water as well as its structural configurations within complex chemical systems. Polarization-selective pump-probe experiments on the OD stretch of dilute HOD in water provide information on both orientational and vibrational relaxation. Orientational relaxation describes the reorientation dynamics of water molecules in the hydrogen bond network. If angular diffusion is restricted, orientational relaxation also provides insight into how water may be sterically hindered within its environment. Vibrational relaxation describes coupling of vibrational energy absorbed by the HOD molecules to its surrounding media. The vibrational lifetime provides details on the local interactions of HOD and may allow separation of distinct dynamics near different species. Two-dimensional vibrational echo experiments on HOD molecules observe the time scales for structural evolution of the surrounding environment through ultrafast vibrational frequency fluctuations. With these experimental techniques, a holistic picture of the structure and motions of the water hydrogen bond network can be acquired.

Download or read book Hydrogen and Fuel Cells written by Detlef Stolten and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-08-30 with total page 913 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by 40 of the most prominent and renowned international scientists from academia, industry, institutions and government, this handbook explores mature, evolving technologies for a clean, economically viable alternative to non-renewable energy. In so doing, it includes how hydrogen can be safely produced, stored, transported and utilized, while also covering such broader topics as the environmental impact, education and regulatory developments.

Download or read book Hydrogen Bonded Polymers written by Wolfgang Binder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-16 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Control of polymeric structure is among the most important endeavours of modern macromolecular science. In particular, tailoring the positioning and strength of intermolecular forces within macromolecules by synthetic methods and thus gaining structural control over the final polymeric materials has become feasible, resulting in the field of supramolecular polymer science. Besides other intermolecular forces, hydrogen bonds are unique intermolecular forces enabling the tuning of material properties via self-assembly processes over a wide range of interactions strength ranging from several kJmol to several tens of kJmol . Central for the formation of these structures are precursor molecules of small molecular weight (usually lower than 10 000), which can assemble in solid or solution to aggregates of defined geometry.

Download or read book Hydrogen Bond Rearrangements and the Motion of Charge Defects in Water Viewed Using Multidimensional Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy written by Sean Thomas Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) Modeling using an empirical valence bond simulation (MS-EVB) model of aqueous NaOH suggests that as the 0-H stretching potential symmetrizes during proton transfer events, overtone transitions of the shared proton contribute strongly to 2D spectra. The rapid loss of offdiagonal intensity results from the spectral sweeping of these vibrational overtones as the solvent modulates the motion of the shared proton. The collective electric field of the solvent is found to be an appropriate reaction coordinate for the formation and modulation of shared proton states. Over picosecond waiting times, spectral features appear in the 2D IR spectra that are indicative of the exchange of population between OH~ ions and HOD molecules due to proton transfer. The construction of a spectral fitting model gives a lower bound of 3 ps for this exchange. Calculations of structural parameters following proton exchange using the MS-EVB simulation model suggest that the observed exchange process corresponds to the formation and breakage of hydrogen bonds donated by the HOD/OD~ pair formed as a result of the proton transfer. A full description of the structural diffusion of the hydroxide ion requires both a description of the local hydrogen bonding structure of the ion as well as the dielectric fluctuations of the surrounding solvent.

Download or read book Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells 8 written by T. Fuller and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2008-10 with total page 2220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This international symposium is devoted to all aspects of research, development, and engineering of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and stacks, as well as low-temperature direct-fuel cells. The intention is to bring together the international community working on the subject and to enable effective interactions between research and engineering communities.

Download or read book Two Dimensional Materials Based Membranes written by Gongping Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-08-08 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two-Dimensional-Materials-Based Membranes An authoritative and up to date discussion of two-dimensional materials and membranes In Two-Dimensional-Materials-Based Membranes: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications, a team of distinguished chemical engineers delivers a comprehensive exploration of the latest advances in design principles, synthesis approaches, and applications of two-dimensional (2D) materials—like graphene, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), 2D layered double hydroxides, and MXene—and highlights the significance and development of these membranes. In the book, the authors discuss the use of membranes to achieve high-efficiency separation and to address the challenges posed in the field. The book also discusses potential challenges and benefits in the future development of advanced 2D nanostructures, as well as their impending implementation in applications in the fields of energy, sustainability, catalysis, electronics, and biotechnology. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to fabrication methods for 2D-materials-based membranes, including the synthesis of nanosheets, membrane structures, and fabrication methods Descriptions of three types of 2D-materials-based membranes: single-layer membranes, laminar membranes and mixed-matrix membranes Comprehensive discussions of 2D-materials-based membranes for water and ions separation, solvent-water separation and gas separation Explorations of transport mechanism of 2D-materials-based membranes for molecular separations Perfect for membrane scientists, inorganic chemists, and materials scientists, Two-Dimensional-Materials-Based Membranes will also earn a place in the libraries of chemical and process engineers in industrial environments.