Download or read book Wages Paid in Germany written by United States. Department of State and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low Wage Work in Germany written by Gerhard Bosch and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2008-04-03 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the German government has intentionally expanded the low-wage work sector in an effort to reduce exceptionally high levels of unemployment. As a result, the share of the German workforce employed in low-paying jobs now rivals that of the United States. Low Wage Work in Germany examines both the federal policies and changing economic conditions that have driven this increase in low-wage work. The new "mini-job" reflects the federal government's attempt to make certain low-paying jobs attractive to both employers and employees. Employers pay a low flat rate for benefits, and employees, who work a limited number of hours per week, are exempt from social security and tax contributions. Other factors, including slow economic growth, a declining collective bargaining system, and the influx of foreign workers, also contribute to the growing incidence of low-wage work. Yet while both Germany and the United States have large shares of low-wage workers, German workers receive health insurance, four weeks of paid vacation, and generous old age support—benefits most low-wage workers in the United States can only dream of. The German experience offers an important opportunity to explore difficult trade-offs between unemployment and low-wage work. A Volume in the Russell Sage Foundation Case Studies of Job Quality in Advanced Economies
Download or read book Wages in Germany 1871 1945 written by Gerhard Bry and published by Princeton, U. P. This book was released on 1960 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low Wage Work in Germany written by Gerhard Bosch and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2008-04-03 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the German government has intentionally expanded the low-wage work sector in an effort to reduce exceptionally high levels of unemployment. As a result, the share of the German workforce employed in low-paying jobs now rivals that of the United States. Low Wage Work in Germany examines both the federal policies and changing economic conditions that have driven this increase in low-wage work. The new "mini-job" reflects the federal government's attempt to make certain low-paying jobs attractive to both employers and employees. Employers pay a low flat rate for benefits, and employees, who work a limited number of hours per week, are exempt from social security and tax contributions. Other factors, including slow economic growth, a declining collective bargaining system, and the influx of foreign workers, also contribute to the growing incidence of low-wage work. Yet while both Germany and the United States have large shares of low-wage workers, German workers receive health insurance, four weeks of paid vacation, and generous old age support—benefits most low-wage workers in the United States can only dream of. The German experience offers an important opportunity to explore difficult trade-offs between unemployment and low-wage work. A Volume in the Russell Sage Foundation Case Studies of Job Quality in Advanced Economies
Download or read book Wages in Germany written by Gerhard Bry and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The effects of the legal minimum wage in Germany written by Fabian Uyanakumarage and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-03-23 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Other, grade: 1,3, University of Applied Sciences Riedlingen, language: English, abstract: „Minimum wage is the minimum amount of remuneration that an employer is required to pay wage earners for the work performed during a given period, which cannot be reduced by collective agreement or an individual contract”. The government uses the minimum wage as a basic price control, which can force companies to create equal pay for all employees regardless of their origin, gender or belief. Currently, 90 percent of countries have regulations or binding tariff regulations that determine the minimum wage. In countries such as Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Switzerland, Austria and Italy there is no legal minimum wage. There, the government leaves the employer associations and unions to set a minimum wage in collective bargaining. New Zealand was the first country to introduce the minimum wage in 1894, and 192 more followed until 2019. Many of these countries have very complex systems, for example India has more than 1200 different minimum wage rates. Hardly any other labour market policy measure has been discussed as extensively as the introduction of the minimum wage of EUR 8.50 gross per hour on January 1, 2015 in Germany. For the supporters it was a long overdue step to offer low-wage earners a higher wage and thus a better standard of living. However, economists warned in advance that introducing minimum wages would only have negative consequences, especially when it comes to employment. Various studies have predicted that it could result in the loss of thousands of jobs. For example, the Ifo Institute in Munich forecasted a threat to up to 900 thousand jobs. Opponents of the minimum wage also pointed out that low-skilled workers would find it difficult to get into employment and would make little contribution to fighting poverty. The aim of this paper is to analyse how the market in Germany reacted to the introduction of the minimum wage. Also the history and structure of the minimum wage is described and the different economic theories are compared.
Download or read book The Wages of Guilt written by Ian Buruma and published by New York Review of Books. This book was released on 2015-09-01 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this now classic book, internationally famed journalist Ian Buruma examines how Germany and Japan have attempted to come to terms with their conduct during World War II—a war that they aggressively began and humiliatingly lost, and in the course of which they committed monstrous war crimes. As he travels through both countries, to Berlin and Tokyo, Hiroshima and Auschwitz, he encounters people who are remarkably honest in confronting the past and others who astonish by their evasions of responsibility, some who wish to forget the past and others who wish to use it as a warning against the resurgence of militarism. Buruma explores these contrasting responses to the war and the two countries’ very different ways of memorializing its atrocities, as well as the ways in which political movements, government policies, literature, and art have been shaped by its shadow. Today, seventy years after the end of the war, he finds that while the Germans have for the most part coped with the darkest period of their history, the Japanese remain haunted by historical controversies that should have been resolved long ago. Sensitive yet unsparing, complex and unsettling, this is a profound study of how people face up to or deny terrible legacies of guilt and shame.
Download or read book German Wage Theories written by James Walter Crook and published by New York : Columbia University. This book was released on 1898 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wages in Germany written by United States. President (1909-1913 : Taft) and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Civil Affairs Information Guide Wages Hours and Working Conditions of Agricultural Labor in Germany written by United States. War Department and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wages in Germany 1871 1945 written by Gerhard Bry and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low Wage America written by Eileen Appelbaum and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2003-09-04 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About 27.5 million Americans—nearly 24 percent of the labor force—earn less than $8.70 an hour, not enough to keep a family of four out of poverty, even working full-time year-round. Job ladders for these workers have been dismantled, limiting their ability to get ahead in today's labor market. Low-Wage America is the most extensive study to date of how the choices employers make in response to economic globalization, industry deregulation, and advances in information technology affect the lives of tens of millions of workers at the bottom of the wage distribution. Based on data from hundreds of establishments in twenty-five industries—including manufacturing, telecommunications, hospitality, and health care—the case studies document how firms' responses to economic restructuring often results in harsh working conditions, reduced benefits, and fewer opportunities for advancement. For instance, increased pressure for profits in newly consolidated hotel chains has led to cost-cutting strategies such as requiring maids to increase the number of rooms they clean by 50 percent. Technological changes in the organization of call centers—the ultimate "disposable workplace"—have led to monitoring of operators' work performance, and eroded job ladders. Other chapters show how the temporary staffing industry has provided paths to better work for some, but to dead end jobs for many others; how new technology has reorganized work in the back offices of banks, raising skill requirements for workers; and how increased competition from abroad has forced U.S. manufacturers to cut costs by reducing wages and speeding production. Although employers' responses to economic pressures have had a generally negative effect on frontline workers, some employers manage to resist this trend and still compete successfully. The benefits to workers of multi-employer training consortia and the continuing relevance of unions offer important clues about what public policy can do to support the job prospects of this vast, but largely overlooked segment of the American workforce. Low-Wage America challenges us to a national self-examination about the nature of low-wage work in this country and asks whether we are willing to tolerate the profound social and economic consequences entailed by these jobs. A Volume in the Russell Sage Foundation Case Studies of Job Quality in Advanced Economies
Download or read book Minimum Wages Pay Equity and Comparative Industrial Relations written by Damian Grimshaw and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-05 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With growing concern about the conditions facing low wage workers and new challenges to traditional forms of labor market protection, this book offers a timely analysis of the purpose and effectiveness of minimum wages in different European countries. Building on original industry case studies, the analysis goes beyond general debates about the relative merits of labor market regulation to reveal important national differences in the functioning of minimum wage systems and their integration within national models of industrial relations. There is no universal position on minimum wage policy followed by governments and social partners. Nor is it true that trade unions consistently support minimum wages and employers oppose them. The evidence in this book shows that interests and objectives change over time and differ across industries and countries. Investigating the pay bargaining strategies of unions and employers in cleaning, security, retail, and construction, this book’s industry case studies show how minimum wage policy interacts with collective bargaining to produce different types of pay equity effects. The analysis provides new findings of ‘ripple effects’ shaped by trade union strategies and identifies key components of an ‘egalitarian pay bargaining approach’ in social dialogue. The lessons for policy are to embrace an inter-disciplinary approach to minimum wage analysis, to be mindful of the interconnections with the changing national systems of industrial relations, and to interrogate the pay equity effects.
Download or read book Aspects of wage dynamics in Germany written by Jens Stephani and published by wbv Media GmbH & Company KG. This book was released on 2014-11-04 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dieses Buch thematisiert verschiedene Aspekte der Lohndynamik in Deutschland. Während der Hauptteil des Buches sich mit dem Lohnwachstum und der Aufstiegsmobilität von Geringverdienern beschäftigt, analysiert ein kleinerer Teil die Entwicklung der Lohneffekte der Tarifbindung für alle Beschäftigten. Unter anderem wird gezeigt, dass die Aufstiegsmobilität von Geringverdienern in besser bezahlte Jobs kein lediglich temporäres Phänomen ist, sondern für diese Beschäftigten zu längerfristig höheren Lohnniveaus führen kann. Das Lohnwachstum von Geringverdienern hängt allerdings von anderen betrieblichen Einflussfaktoren ab als das Lohnwachstum von Besserverdienern. Auch Persönlichkeitsmerkmale wie zum Beispiel die individuelle Kontrollüberzeugung beeinflussen die Aufstiegsmobilität von Geringverdienern. Weiterhin zeigen die Analysen, dass trotz des kontinuierlichen Rückgangs des gewerkschaftlichen Organisationsgrads und der Tarifbindung im letzten Jahrzehnt weiterhin eine - wenn auch geringe - positive Lohnprämie der Tarifbindung existiert.
Download or read book Wage Rigidity in Germany written by Heiko Stüber and published by wbv Media GmbH & Company KG. This book was released on 2013-04-22 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Die Interaktion zwischen Inflation und Arbeitslosigkeit beschäftigt Forscher und Politiker bereits eine längere Zeit. Doch existiert tatsächlich ein Zielkonflikt zwischen Inflation und Arbeitslosigkeit? Heiko Stüber geht dieser und anderen Fragen, die sich mit Lohnstarreit beschäftigen, nach. Der erste und gewichtigste Teil des Buches beschäftigt sich mit Abwärtsnominallohnstarrheit. Er bietet einen Überblick über Ursachen, Ausmaß und Implikationen dieser Starrheit, betrachtet ihre makroökonomischen Konsequenzen und untersucht inwiefern die Starrheit Arbeitnehmer unterschiedlich betrifft. Der zweite Teil des Buches beschäftigt sich mit der Reallohnrigidität neu eingestellter Arbeitnehmer über den Konjunkturzyklus. Der Buchteil bietet einen kurzen Überblick bisheriger empirischer Untersuchungen und neuester Entwicklungen und stellt empirische Evidenz zur Zyklizität von Einstiegslöhnen in Deutschland bereit.
Download or read book The Structure of Wages written by Edward P. Lazear and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-05-15 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The distribution of income, the rate of pay raises, and the mobility of employees is crucial to understanding labor economics. Although research abounds on the distribution of wages across individuals in the economy, wage differentials within firms remain a mystery to economists. The first effort to examine linked employer-employee data across countries, The Structure of Wages:An International Comparison analyzes labor trends and their institutional background in the United States and eight European countries. A distinguished team of contributors reveal how a rising wage variance rewards star employees at a higher rate than ever before, how talent becomes concentrated in a few firms over time, and how outside market conditions affect wages in the twenty-first century. From a comparative perspective that examines wage and income differences within and between countries such as Denmark, Italy, and the Netherlands, this volume will be required reading for economists and those working in industrial organization.
Download or read book Experiencing Wages written by Peter Scholliers and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2003 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: European and Canadian contributors from the distinct but related fields of wage and labor history offer different perspectives on the fundamental question of how people were paid for their work. They do not provide a balanced survey either geographically or temporally for example only two of the 11 studies extend earlier than the 18th century but r
