Download or read book Wage and Employment Uncertainty and the Labor Force Participation Decisions of Married Women written by Francine D. Blau and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 30 years, research on married women's labor force participation has concluded virtually without exception that the principal source of labor force participation rate growth for married women has been the concurrent growth of women's real wages. The experience of the 1970's suggests, however, that real wage growth cannot account for the increase In participation rates that occurred during that period. His paper argues that an Important determinant of married women's current participation decisions is the level of uncertainty associated with expectations of future wages, and that high levels of uncertainty during the 1970's may have contributed substantially to the growth in participation that occurred during that time. Engle's model of autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) Is apply led to aggregate time series data covering the years 1956-1986 to measure the level of uncertainty at each point In time. Our estimates Indicate support for the basic hypothesis that the level of uncertainty is an important determinant of labor force participation decisions for married women.
Download or read book Wage and Employment Uncertainty and the Labor Force Participation Decisions of Married Women written by Francine D. Blau and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 30 years, research on married women's labor force participation has concluded virtually without exception that the principal source of labor force participation rate growth for married women has been the concurrent growth of women's real wages. The experience of the 1970's suggests, however, that real wage growth cannot account for the increase In participation rates that occurred during that period. His paper argues that an Important determinant of married women's current participation decisions is the level of uncertainty associated with expectations of future wages, and that high levels of uncertainty during the 1970's may have contributed substantially to the growth in participation that occurred during that time. Engle's model of autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) Is apply led to aggregate time series data covering the years 1956-1986 to measure the level of uncertainty at each point In time. Our estimates Indicate support for the basic hypothesis that the level of uncertainty is an important determinant of labor force participation decisions for married women.
Download or read book Wage and Employment Uncertainty and the Labor Force Participation Decisions of Married Women written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Real Wage and Employment Uncertainty and the Labor Force Participation Decisions of Married Women written by Francine D. Blau and published by . This book was released on 1991* with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing the Impact of Education and Marriage on Labor Market Exit Decisions of Women written by Julie L. Hotchkiss and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determinants of Labor Force Participation of Married Women 30 to 44 Years of Age written by Su-gon Kim and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Uncertainty and Risk on the Allocation of Time of Married Women written by Eileen Trzcinski and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: increases in the labor force participation of married women.
Download or read book Life cycle Labor Force Participation of Married Women written by Claudia Dale Goldin and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The five-fold increase in the labor force participation rate of married women over the last half century was not accompanied by a substantial increase in the average job market experience of working women. Two data sets giving life-cycle labor force histories for cohorts of women born from the 1880s to 1910s indicate substantial (unconditional) heterogeneity in labor force participation. Married women in the labor force had a high degree of attachment to it; increased participation rates brought in women with little prior job experience and reduced cumulated years experience. According to extant schedules froma 1939 Women's Bureau Bulletin, 86% of married women born around 1895 and working in 1939 had been employed 50% of the years since beginning work, and 47% had worked 88% of those years. Average years of experience for cross sections of working married women hardly increased from 1920 to 1950, rising from 9 to 10.5 years. Because wages are calculated only for currently employed individuals, the steadiness in relative wages of women to men over this period may result from stable experience ratings for employed married women. An exploration of the determinants of labor force persistence points to the importance of occupational choice early in the work history of a woman and to the rise in clerical and professional occupations in extending life-cycle labor force participation.
Download or read book Relative Income Concerns and the Rise in Married Women s Employment written by David Neumark and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We ask whether women's decisions to be in the labor force may be affected by the decisions of other women in ways not captured by standard models. We develop a model that augments the simple neoclassical framework by introducing relative income concerns into women's (or families') utility functions. In this model, the entry of some women into paid employment can spur the entry of other women, independently of wage and income effects. This mechanism may help to explain why, over some periods, women's employment appeared to rise faster than could be accounted for by the simple neoclassical model. We test the model by asking whether women's decisions to seek paid employment depend on the employment decisions of other women with whom relative income comparisons might be important. In particular, we look at the effects of sisters' employment on women's own employment. We find strong evidence that women's employment decisions are positively related to their sisters' employment decisions. We also take account of the possibility that this positive relationship arises from heterogeneity across families in unobserved variables affecting the employment decision. We conduct numerous empirical analyses to reduce or eliminate this heterogeneity bias. We also look at the relationship between husbands' relative income and wives' employment decisions. In our view, the evidence is largely supportive of the relative income hypothesis.
Download or read book Married women in the labor force written by Glen George Cain and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Labor Force Participation of Married Women when Wages and Employment are Risky written by Adam J. Grossberg and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Family Formation Labor Market Experience and Wages of Married Women written by John F. Cogan and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Labor Force Participation Elasticities of Women and Secondary Earners Within Married Couples written by Congressional Budget Congressional Budget Office and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-15 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labor supply elasticities are often used to evaluate the effect of changes in tax rates on the total hours worked in the economy. Historically, married women have tended to have larger labor supply elasticities than their spouses because they were the secondary earners in a couple. However, those elasticities have fallen sharply in recent decades-a decline that has been attributed to greater labor force participation rates and increased career orientation among married women. Indeed, a growing share of wives earn more than their husbands, raising the question whether a person's sex or relative earnings is the relevant factor affecting the sensitivity of participation to wage and tax rates. In this book, we use administrative data to examine whether women or lower-earning spouses have larger labor supply elasticities. We present descriptive evidence on the share of women who are the primary earner and the frequency of transitions into and out of employment by sex and relative earnings. We find that lower earning spouses are more likely to start and stop working than women, except when a couple starts a family. We then model an individual's work decision using a dynamic probit model to isolate the labor supply response to changes in tax rates. We estimate that the participation elasticity with respect to the net-of-tax rate of the secondary earner-the spouse who typically has lower earnings-is about 0.03, slightly higher than that for women, though both of these overall elasticities are small. Participation elasticities with respect to income for both women and secondary earners are effectively zero. Our estimates are robust to several alternative models, including alternative specifications of secondary earner.
Download or read book Married Women s Labor Supply written by John F. Cogan and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Women in the Labor Force written by James A. Sweet and published by New York : Seminar Press. This book was released on 1973 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report on and statistical analysis of employment patterns and wages of married women in the woman worker force in the USA - includes information on the data analysis methodology, the labour force activity of women in relation to family composition and children status (incl. Part time employment), the effects of age, fertility, education, economic need, etc., and examines wage differentials of Black and White women. Bibliography pp. 201 to 208 and statistical tables.
Download or read book On Labor Force Participation of Married Women written by Michael Bar and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamic Labor Force Participation of Married Women and Endogenous Work Experience written by Zvi Eckstein and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
