Download or read book Vulnerable Jobs and the Wage Effects of Import Competition written by Abigail Cooke and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do job characteristics modulate the relationship between import competition and workers' wages? Using pooled cross-sectional, linked employee-establishment Census Bureau microdata and O*NET occupational characteristics, the paper models import competition and wages for more than 1.6 million individuals, grouped by job vulnerability defined by routineness, analytic complexity, and interpersonal interaction. Results show import competition is associated with wages that are: lower in routine and less complex jobs; higher in nonroutine and complex jobs; and higher for the highest and lowest levels of interpersonal interaction. This demonstrates the importance of accounting for occupational characteristics in understanding how trade and wages relate.

Download or read book Task Trade and the Wage Effects of Import Competition written by Abigail Cooke and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Employment and Wage Effects of Import Competition in the United States written by Gene M. Grossman and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new methodology is developed to determine the extent to which import competition has been responsible for labor displacements and wage movements inspecific, allegedly trade-impacted sectors. The procedure involves the estimation of reduced-form wage and employment equations by sector. These equations are first derived from a more complete structural model of general equilibrium resource allocation.The proposed methodology is applied to nine manufacturing sectors in the United States. The sensitivity of employment to the domestic price of imports varies significantly across these nine sectors, whereas industry wages are relatively unaffected by movements in the price of the foreign good.Counterfactual simulations are performed under the hypothetical assumption of no intensification or abatement of import competition from 1967-1979. The differences between the paths of unemployment and wages so generated and the actual, historical paths are attributed to the effects of import competition.Imports have been responsible for the loss of a large number of jobs in only one industry, and for a significant loss in wages in two industries, among the nine studied.

Download or read book THE EMPLOYMENT AND WAGE EFFECTS OF IMPORT COMPETITION IN THE UNITED STATES written by Gene F. GROSSMAN and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book THE EMPLOYMENT AND WAGE EFFECTS OF IMPORT COMPETITION IN THE UNITED STATES US written by Gene GROSSMAN and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Workers Beneath the Floodgates written by Hale Utar and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using employee-employer matched data for the period 1999 to 2010, I analyze the impact of a low-wage trade shock on manufacturing workers in a high-wage country, Denmark, and how they adjust to the shock over a decade. To derive causal effects I exploit the dismantling of import quotas on Chinese products with China's accession to the WTO as a quasi-experiment and utilize within-industry, within-occupation heterogeneity in workers' exposure to this trade shock. Showing significant negative effect on workers' earnings and employment trajectories over the decade, the study identifies job instability in the service sector as a main adjustment friction which is concentrated among workers with manufacturing specific education and occupation. The results establish the importance of specific human capital in trade adjustment and provide evidence of skill upgrading at the individual level as workers re-build lost human capital through education.

Download or read book Impacts of Trade on Wage Inequality Across the United States written by Abigail Montague Cooke and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research presented in this dissertation examines the impacts of trade from low-wage countries on U.S. labor markets. Analysis explores how imports from low-wage countries influence the wages of workers with high- and low-levels of education and how such trade may be related to growing wage inequality. Linkages between import competition and low-wage imports at the national level are extended to individual census regions to provide some of the first sub-national data linking trade and wage inequality. Standard models of trade impacts by education-skill categories also are extended to capture the influence of task-based characteristics of work. Finally, the effects of import competition from low-wage countries on the likelihood of plant closure are examined. Engaging with the most recent theoretical models of trade, the empirical analysis presented in this dissertation uses detailed microdata from the U.S. Census Bureau. Those data are used to link individual workers to manufacturing plants and firms. The resulting employer-employee files are appended with data on the task characteristics of different occupations and with measures of import competition built-up from individual trade transaction data. The result is one of the most comprehensive datasets yet built connecting measures of trade to the characteristics of jobs, workers and business establishments spanning the years 1992-2007. Analysis of these data yields insights into the socially and spatially uneven consequences of trade. This dissertation finds that low-wage import competition is significantly related to increased inequality, driving down wages for workers with low levels of formal education and driving up wages for workers with high levels of education. The results indicate that import competition increases the nonproduction worker share of total wages within establishments, another measure of wage inequality related to differences in worker skills/education. It also reveals that the relationship between wage inequality and low-wage import competition varies substantially across U.S. regions. Furthermore, this dissertation finds that task intensity measures of routineness, complexity, and interpersonal interaction in a worker's occupation significantly mediate the effect of low-wage import competition on workers' wages. It also finds that low-wage import competition significantly raises the likelihood of manufacturing plant closure.

Download or read book The Impact of Chinese Import Competition on the Local Structure of Employment and Wages written by Clément Malgouyres and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid rise of Chinese exports over the past two decades has raised concerns about manufacturing jobs and wage inequality in high-income countries. Spill-overs beyond the manufacturing sector are an important issue given the large size of the non-traded sector in modern economies as well as the imperfect spatial mobility of households. In this paper, I estimate the impact of Chinese import competition onto the structure of employment and wages of local labor markets in France, with an emphasis on spill-overs effects beyond manufacturing and the degree of local wage inequality. Local employment and total labor income in both manufacturing and non-manufacturing are negatively affected by rising exposure to imports. The estimates imply that each local manufacturing job destroyed by Chinese import competition results in the loss of about 1.5 local job outside of manufacturing. These substantial “local multiplier effects” are however much lower when expressed in terms of hours worked or earnings rather than job count. Import competition from China polarized the local structure of employment in the manufacturing sector. The wage distribution is uniformly negatively affected in manufacturing while the non-traded sector experiences wage polarization, i.e. a rise in upper-tail inequality and a decline in bottom-tail inequality. While overall wage inequality is on average not affected, I show that it increased in response to trade shocks in areas where the minimum wage is only weakly binding.

Download or read book Immigration Trade and the Labor Market written by John M. Abowd and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are immigrants squeezing Americans out of the work force? Or is competition wth foreign products imported by the United States an even greater danger to those employed in some industries? How do wages and unions fare in foreign-owned firms? And are the media's claims about the number of illegal immigrants misleading? Prompted by the growing internationalization of the U.S. labor market since the 1970s, contributors to Immigration, Trade, and the Labor Market provide an innovative and comprehensive analysis of the labor market impact of the international movements of people, goods, and capital. Their provocative findings are brought into perspective by studies of two other major immigrant-recipient countries, Canada and Australia. The differing experiences of each nation stress the degree to which labor market institutions and economic policies can condition the effect of immigration and trade on economic outcomes Contributors trace the flow of immigrants by comparing the labor market and migration behavior of individual immigrants, explore the effects of immigration on wages and employment by comparing the composition of the work force in local labor markets, and analyze the impact of trade on labor markets in different industries. A unique data set was developed especially for this study—ranging from an effort to link exports/imports with wages and employment in manufacturing industries, to a survey of illegal Mexican immigrants in the San Diego area—which will prove enormously valuable for future research.

Download or read book Chinese Imports Competition s Impact on Employment and the Wage Distribution written by Clément Malgouyres and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid rise of Chinese exports over the past two decades has raised concerns for manufacturing employment in high-income countries. Spill-overs beyond manufacturing are an important issue given the large size of the non-traded sector in modern economies and household imperfect spatial mobility. In this paper, I follow the methodology developed by Autor et al. (2013a) to estimate the impact of Chinese imports competition onto French local labor markets, with an emphasis on the spill-overs effects beyond manufacturing. I consider a wide array of labor market outcomes, notably the distribution of wages, thus shedding light on the impact of low wage country imports competition on the local degree of wage inequality. I find that local employment and total labor income in both manufacturing and non-manufacturing are negatively affected by rising exposure to imports. Overall the number of jobs displaced by Chinese imports competition is larger outside than within the manufacturing sector. Jobs destructions are concentrated among low and medium-skill occupations in both traded and non-traded sectors. Hourly wages are negatively affected in both sectors in the middle part of the distribution. Local labor markets strongly exposed to Chinese competition did not experience a rise in the dispersion of hourly wages, with even a reduction of lower-tail inequality in the non-tradable sector. I find evidence suggesting that a high-minimum wage explains this reduction in lower-tail inequality, thus providing a striking illustration of how labor market institutions mediate the effect of globalization-induced shocks to labor demand.

Download or read book Chinese Imports Competition s Impact on Employment and the Wage Distribution written by Clément Malgouyres and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid rise of Chinese exports over the past two decades has raised concerns for manufacturing employment in high-income countries. Spill-overs beyond manufacturing are an important issue given the large size of the non-traded sector in modern economies and household imperfect spatial mobility. In this paper, I follow the methodology developed by Autor et al. (2013a) to estimate the impact of Chinese imports competition onto French local labor markets, with an emphasis on the spill-overs effects beyond manufacturing. I consider a wide array of labor market outcomes, notably the distribution of wages, thus shedding light on the impact of low wage country imports competition on the local degree of wage inequality. I find that local employment and total labor income in both manufacturing and non-manufacturing are negatively affected by rising exposure to imports. Overall the number of jobs displaced by Chinese imports competition is larger outside than within the manufacturing sector. Jobs destructions are concentrated among low and medium-skill occupations in both traded and non-traded sectors. Hourly wages are negatively affected in both sectors in the middle part of the distribution. Local labor markets strongly exposed to Chinese competition did not experience a rise in the dispersion of hourly wages, with even a reduction of lower-tail inequality in the non-tradable sector. I find evidence suggesting that a high-minimum wage explains this reduction in lower-tail inequality, thus providing a striking illustration of how labor market institutions mediate the effect of globalization-induced shocks to labor demand.

Download or read book The Impact of International Trade on Wages written by Robert C. Feenstra and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1980s, the U.S. economy has experienced a growing wage differential: high-skilled workers have claimed an increasing share of available income, while low-skilled workers have seen an absolute decline in real wages. How and why this disparity has arisen is a matter of ongoing debate among policymakers and economists. Two competing theories have emerged to explain this phenomenon, one focusing on international trade and labor market globalization as the driving force behind the devaluation of low-skill jobs, and the other focusing on the role of technological change as a catalyst for the escalation of high-skill wages. This collection brings together innovative new ideas and data sources in order to provide more satisfying alternatives to the trade versus technology debate and to assess directly the specific impact of international trade on U.S. wages. This timely volume offers a thorough appraisal of the wage distribution predicament, examining the continued effects of technology and globalization on the labor market.

Download or read book International Trade and Job Polarization written by Wolfgang Keller and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We employ employer-employee matched data from Denmark and utilize plausibly exogenous variation in the rise of import competition due to the dismantling of import quotas as China entered the World Trade Organization to show, first, that rising import competition has led to reduced employment in mid-wage occupations compensated by an increased likelihood of employment in both low-wage and high-wage occupations. Workers with higher education are more likely to move from mid- to high-wage occupations due to trade compared to moving from mid- to low-wage occupations. Employing task content information of detailed occupations, we also show that workers performing manual tasks are the ones most affected by import competition independently of the routine-task intensity of occupations. This implies that the effect of import competition is distinct from that of routine task-replacing technological change.

Download or read book From the Invisible Handshake to the Invisible Hand written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a popular perception that increased competitive pressures in U.S. product markets are turning the employment relationship from one governed by implicit agreements into one governed by the market. In this paper, I examine whether changes in import competition indeed affect the use of implicit agreements between employers and workers in a key aspect of their relationship, wage setting. I focus on the extent to which employers, after negotiating workers' wages upon hire, subsequently shield those wages from external labor market conditions. If increased competition induces a switch from these implicit agreements to spot market wage setting, then: (1) the sensitivity of workers' wages to the current unemployment rate should increase as competition increases; and (2) the sensitivity of workers' wages to the unemployment rate prevailing upon hire should decrease as competition increases. I find evidence supporting both of these predictions, using exchange rate movements to generate exogenous variation in import competition. I then show more directly that increased financial pressure on employers is one mechanism behind these effects -- both of the wage-unemployment sensitivity changes are larger in high leverage industries than in low leverage ones. Moreover, declines in corporate returns following increased competition directly increase the sensitivity of wages to the current unemployment rate. There are two general interpretations of my set of results. Wage flexibility may be a response to competition either because such flexibility reduces the probability of costly financial distress or because lower corporate profits weaken the enforceability of implicit wage setting agreements

Download or read book Competing with the Dragon written by Stefan Thewissen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's rapid rise on the global economic stage has substantial and unequal employment and wage effects in advanced industrialised democracies given China's large volume of low-wage labour. Thus far, these effects have not been analysed in the comparative political economy literature. Building on pooled time-series data, we analyse the effects of Chinese trade competition across 17 sectors in 18 countries. We devote attention to a new channel, increased competition from China in foreign export markets. Our empirical findings reveal overall employment declines in sectors more exposed to Chinese imports. Furthermore, effects on wages and employment are not equally shared across skill levels. For the high-skilled, Chinese competition yields neutral or positive effects whilst the low-skilled bear the brunt.

Download or read book Does Globalization Lower Wages and Export Jobs written by Mr.Matthew J. Slaughter and published by . This book was released on 1997-09-29 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no doubt that globalization has coincided with higher unemployment among the less skilled and with widening income inequality. But did it cause these phenomena, as many claim, or should we look to other factors, such as advances in technology?

Download or read book Adjusting to Globalization written by David Greenaway and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2005-05-20 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume investigates the ways in which firms and workers are adjusting to globalization. A collection of cutting-edge essays investigating the ways in which firms and workers are adjusting to globalization. Written by leading researchers in the field. Covers such issues as: outsourcing; the productivity effects of entry to export markets; job losses and wage insurance; and the protection of intellectual property. Presents original research on adjusting to globalization. Provides important insights into the microeconomics effects of globalization. Highlights key issues for policy makers.