Download or read book Vulnerabilty of farmer s livelihood to climate variability induced hazards in Siraro District West Arsi Zone Oromia Regional State Ethiopia written by Jarso Wakeyo Utala and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-05-08 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Agrarian Studies, grade: Very Good, , course: Population and Socioeconomic Development Planning, language: English, abstract: Most previous studies on vulnerability of smallholder farmer’s livelihood to climatic hazards had focused on large scale, global, regional or national levels. In addition, they gave more focuses to assessment of impacts of climatic hazards to farmers than assessment of farmer’s vulnerability to climatic hazards. Thus, this study was designed to bridge this gap by assessing vulnerability of farmer’s livelihood at household level measured as perceived sensitivity and lack of adaptive capacity to climatic hazards and by exploring sets of socioeconomic indicators that significantly determine vulnerability of farmers’ livelihoods. Cross-sectional data was collected through household survey from 379 randomly selected respondents which were also complemented with qualitative assessments. Principal component analysis was used to identify major socioeconomic indicators that contribute to vulnerability of farmer’s livelihood using orthogonal axis rotation in SPSS version 20. Binary logit model was used to identify principal socioeconomic indicators that significantly influence sensitivity and adaptive capacity of livelihoods of sampled farmers. The findings revealed that households that are heterogeneous in location of residence, sources of income, ownership to animals have significant influence on perceived sensitivity of farmers to climatic hazards. However, socioeconomic indicators such as age, gender, family size, have insignificant influence on sensitivity of farmer’s livelihood to climatic hazards. Gender, marital status, educational status of household head, coping mechanisms like grain & cash saving, NRM practices has significant influence on perceived adaptive capacity of farmers. Yet, access to social interconnectedness such as idir or iqub, family relatives, and cost of drinking water has insignificant influence on perceived adaptive capacity of farmers. Currently, 59%, 38% and 3% of sampled farmers have overall vulnerability status of low, moderate and high respectively. The overall conclusion is that differences in status of vulnerability of their livelihoods are attributed to differences in their present socioeconomic attributes. Community should strengthen existing hazard coping mechanisms whilst GOs and NGOs should support farmers in diversification of income sources and restocking of animals. Active community engagement in planning and execution of disaster risk reduction strategies and practices is also indispensable.

Download or read book Measuring Ethiopian Farmers Vulnerability to Climate Change Across Regional States written by Temesgen Deressa, Rashid M. Hassan, and Claudia Ringler and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Climate vulnerability assessment methodology written by Lotten Wiréhn and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-27 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food security and climate change mitigation are crucial missions for the agricultural sector and for global work on sustainable development. Concurrently, agricultural production is directly dependent on climatic conditions, making climate change adaptation strategies essential for the agricultural sector. There is consequently a need for researchers, planners, and practitioners to better understand how, why, and to what extent agriculture is vulnerable to climate change. Such analyses involve challenges in relation to the complex social– ecological character of the agricultural system and to the multiple conceptualizations and approaches used in analysing vulnerability. The aim of this thesis is to identify how vulnerability assessments can be used to represent climate-related vulnerability in Nordic agriculture, in order to advance the methodological development of indicator-based and geographic visualization methods. The following research questions are addressed: (i) How can agricultural vulnerability to climate change and variability in the Nordic countries be characterized? (ii) How do selections, definitions, and emphases of indicators influence how vulnerability is assessed? (iii) How do estimates of vulnerability vary depending on the methods used in assessments? (iv) How can geographic visualization be applied in integrated vulnerability assessments? This thesis analyses and applies various vulnerability assessment approaches in the context of Nordic agriculture. This thesis demonstrates that various methods for composing vulnerability indices result in significantly different outcomes, despite using the same set of indicators. A conceptual framework for geographic visualization approaches to vulnerability assessments was developed for the purpose of creating transparent and interactive assessments regarding the indicating variables, methods and assumptions applied, i.e., opening up the ‘black box’ of composite indices. This framework served as the foundation for developing the AgroExplore geographic visualization tool. The tool enables the user to interactively select, categorize, and weight indicators as well as to explore the data and the spatial patterns of the indicators and indices. AgroExplore was used in focus group settings with experts in the Swedish agricultural sector. The visualization-supported dialogue results confirm the difficulty of selecting and constructing indicators, including different perceptions of what indicators actually indicate, the assumption of linear relationships between the indicators and vulnerability, and, consequently, that the direction of the relationship is predefined for each indicator. This thesis further points at the inherent complexity of agricultural challenges and opportunities in the context of climate change as such. It is specifically emphasized that agricultural adaptation policies and measures involve trade-offs between various environmental and socio–economic objectives, and that their implementation could furthermore entail unintended consequences, i.e., potential maladaptive outcomes. Nevertheless, it proved difficult to validate indicators due to, e.g. matters of scale and data availability. While heavy precipitation and other extreme weather events are perceived as the most relevant drivers of climate vulnerability by the agricultural experts participating in this study, statistical analyses of historical data identified few significant relationships between crop yield losses and heavy precipitation. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to the method development of composite indices and indicator-based vulnerability assessment. A key conclusion is that assessments are method dependent and that indicator selection is related to aspects such as the system’s spatial scale and location as well as to indicator thresholds and defined relationships with vulnerability, recognizing the contextual dependency of agricultural vulnerability. Consequently, given the practicality of indicator-based methods, I stress with this thesis that future vulnerability studies must take into account and be transparent about the principles and limitations of indicator-based assessment methods in order to ensure their usefulness, validity, and relevance for guiding adaptation strategies. För jordbrukssektorn och global hållbar utveckling i stort är matsäkerhet och mitigering av klimatförändringar viktiga angelägenheter. Samtidigt är jordbruksproduktionen ofta direkt beroende av klimatförhållanden, vilket gör klimatanpassningsstrategier mycket centrala för sektorn. Forskare, planerare och aktörer behöver förstå hur, varför och i vilken omfattning jordbruket är sårbart inför klimatförändringar. Sådana analyser inbegriper även de utmaningar som skapas genom jordbrukets komplexa socio-ekologiska karaktär, och de många utgångspunkter och tillvägagångssätt som används för att bedöma sårbarhet. Syftet med denna avhandling är att identifiera hur sårbarhetsbedömningar kan representera klimatrelaterad sårbarhet i nordiskt jordbruk, och i och med detta har avhandlingen som avsikt att utveckla metodologin för indikatorbaserade- och geografiska visualiseringsmetoder. Följande forskningsfrågor avhandlas: (i) Hur kan det nordiska jordbrukets sårbarhet inför klimatvariation och förändringar karaktäriseras? (ii) Hur påverkar urval, definitioner och betoningar av indikatorer bedömningar av sårbarhet? (iii) Hur varierar uppskattningar med bedömningsmetod? (iv) Hur kan geografisk visualisering användas i integrerade såbarhetsbedömningar? För att svara på dessa frågor analyseras och tillämpas olika tillvägagångssätt att bedöma sårbarhet inom nordiskt jordbruk. Avhandlingen visar att olika metoder för sårbarhetskompositindex resulterar i signifikanta skillnader mellan index, trots att samma indikatorer och data används. Ett konceptuellt ramverk för sårberhetsbedömningar där geografisk visualisering används, har utvecklats för att möjliggöra transparens avseende till exempel. vilka variabler, metoder och antaganden som används i kompositindex. Detta ramverk har följaktligen legat till grund för att utveckla ett geografiskt visualiseringsverktyg – AgroExplore. Verktyget möjliggör interaktivitet där användaren kan välja, kategorisera och vikta indikatorer, och dessutom utforska data och spatiala mönster av indikatorer och kompositindex. AgroExplore användes i denna avhandling för att stödja fokusgruppdialoger med experter inom den svenska jordbrukssektorn. Resultaten från dessa workshops bekräftar svårigheten med att välja och skapa indikatorer. Dessa svårigheter innefattar olika uppfattningar om vad indikatorer representerar, antagandet om linjära samband mellan indikatorerna och sårbarhet, och följaktligen att sambandens riktning är fördefinierade för respektive indikator. Utöver de konceptuella och metodologiska utmaningarna med sårbarhetsbedömningar visar avhandlingen på komplexa svårigheter och möjligheter för jordbruket vid klimatförändringar. Särskilt framhålls att klimatanpassningspolitik och åtgärder inom jordbruket medför konflikter och avvägningar mellan olika miljö- och socio-ekonomiska mål. Implementering av sådana anpassningsåtgärder kan vidare innebära oönskade konsekvenser, så kallad missanpassning. Trots ökad kunskap gällande nordiska jordbrukets sårbarhet inför klimatförändringar har det visats sig vara svårt att statistiskt validera indikatorer på grund av, exempelvis, skalproblematik och datatillgänglighet. Samtidigt som experterna ansåg att kraftig nederbörd och andra extrema väderhändelser är de mest relevanta drivkrafterna till klimatsårbarhet visar den statistiska analysen av historiska data på få signifikanta samband mellan förlorad skördeavkastning och kraftig nederbörd. Denna avhandling bidrar till metodutveckling av kompositindex och indikatorbaserade metoder för sårbarhetsbedömningar. En viktig slutsats är att bedömningar är metodberoende och att valet av indikatorer är relaterat till aspekter såsom systemets utbredning och den spatiala skalan av bedömningen. Även indikatorernas tröskelvärden och hur deras relation till sårbarhet är definierade anses vara viktiga faktorer som påverkar hur indikatorer representerar sårbarhet, vilket visar på sårbarhetsbedömningars kontextuella beroende. I och med de rådande bristerna hos indikatorbaserade metoder, som bland annat har identifierats i denna avhandling, vill jag framhålla vikten av att sårbarhetsbedömningar bör vara transparanta gällande den tillämpade metodens principer, antaganden och begräsningar. Detta för att säkerställa användbarhet, giltighet och relevans, om metoden och bedömningen ska ligga till grund för anpassningsstrategier hos såväl politiker, planerare och lantbrukare.

Download or read book We re Managing written by Kees van der Geest and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Renewing Local Planning to Face Climate Change in the Tropics written by Maurizio Tiepolo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book aims to inspire decision makers and practitioners to change their approach to climate planning in the tropics through the application of modern technologies for characterizing local climate and tracking vulnerability and risk, and using decision-making tools. Drawing on 16 case studies conducted mainly in the Caribbean, Central America, Western and Eastern Africa, and South East Asia it is shown how successful integration of traditional and modern knowledge can enhance disaster risk reduction and adaptation to climate change in the tropics. The case studies encompass both rural and urban settings and cover different scales: rural communities, cities, and regions. In addition, the book looks to the future of planning by addressing topics of major importance, including residual risk integration in local development plans, damage insurance and the potential role of climate vulnerability reduction credits. In many regions of the tropics, climate planning is growing but has still very low quality. This book identifies the weaknesses and proposes effective solutions.

Download or read book An Assessment of Woreda Capactiy The Case of Gindeberet and Abuna Gindeberet Wereda in Oromia National Regional State written by Telaye Fikadu Mulubiran and published by Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag). This book was released on 2014 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research assesses woreda capacity in Gindeberet and Abuna Gindeberet Woreda of West Shoa Zone Oromia National Regional State since the implementation of District Level Decentralization Program. To this end, the study assesses the human resource, financial, managerial, facility capacity as well as the extent to which enabling work environment and community participation is available. The findings indicate that the capacity building program which was launched to address the problem of rural woredas has not brought about significant changes though there are some improvements in terms of community participation, service delivery and responsiveness to customers. However, constraints of resources and its utilization, lack of conducive work condition, lack of strong political leadership and commitment, and lack of governance system are identified as factors responsible for the ineffectiveness of the program. It is therefore recommended that for the capacity building effort to be materialized, there is a need for resources and proper utilization, strong political leadership and commitment, enabling work environment and an improved governance system.

Download or read book Risk Informed Sustainable Development in the Rural Tropics written by Maurizio Tiepolo and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many people live in rural areas in tropical regions. Rural development is not merely a contribution to the growth of individual countries. It can be a way to reduce poverty and to increase access to water, health care, and education. Sustainable rural development can also help stop deforestation and reduce livestock, which generate most of the greenhouse gas emissions. However, efforts to achieve a sustainable rural development are often thwarted by floods, drought, heat waves, and hurricanes, which local communities are not very prepared to tackle. Agricultural practices and local planning are still not very risk-informed. These deficiencies are particularly acute in tropical regions, where many Least Developed Countries are located and where there is, however, great potential for rural development. This Special Issue contains 22 studies on best practices for risk awareness; on local risk reduction; on several cases of soil depletion, water pollution, and sustainable access to safe water; and on agronomy, earth sciences, ecology, economy, environmental engineering, geomatics, materials science, and spatial and regional planning in 12 tropical countries.

Download or read book Retrospective Analysis of Suspected Rabies Cases in Lemu Bilbilo District Arsi Zone Ethiopia written by Mitiku Wamile and published by . This book was released on 2018-12-04 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2015 in the subject Veterinary medicine, Addis Ababa University (College of veterinary medicine and agriculture), course: DVM THESIS, language: English, abstract: This study aimed to estimate the incidence of human dog bites, describe characteristics of bites and to identify risk factors for dog bites in Lemu-Bilbilo district. A retrospective analysis of suspected rabies cases (dog bites) in Lemu- Bilbilo district during the period 2013/2014 (n=1 year) was done. A total of 316 bite injuries inflicted by rabies-suspected animals were reported, giving a mean annual incidence of 137 cases per 100,000. Males (56.6%) were more at risk than females (43.4%). The proportion of children (0-19 aged) bitten was relatively higher than that of adults. 34.2% of victims were bitten by neighbour dogs. Domestic dogs were involved in 95% of the human bite cases, whereas man (1.9%), donkey (1.6%), cattle (0.9%), wild animal (0.3%) and horse (0.3%) played a minor role. 94.3 % of the victims mentioned that the disease (rabies) status of the dogs involved in the bite incidents was rabid. Rabies-suspected case reports were most frequently occurred during August and October in each year. This study revealed that incidences of humans being bitten by dogs suspected of rabies are common in Lemu-Bilbilo, involve mostly children and predominantly occur during autumn. Rigorous surveillance to determine the status of rabies and the risk factors for human rabies, and increased educational awareness of people about the risk of dog bites and rabies at national level is necessary, particularly for children as well as formulation and institution of appropriate rabies-control policies, is required.

Download or read book Sectors of Self Employment of Persons with Disabilities in Urban Areas of East Wollega Zone Western Oromia Ethopia Empirical Findings and Recommendations written by Daniel Masresha Amare and published by . This book was released on 2020-08-23 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physicochemical properties of cow milk Processing efficiency of butter and cottage cheese in Kucha District Gamo Zone Southern Ethiopia written by Demissie Jorge and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2022-01-13 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2016 in the subject Physics - Biophysics, , language: English, abstract: The study was conducted in kucha district of Gamo zone southern Ethiopia to evaluate physicochemical properties of cow milk and processing efficiency of butter and cottage cheese making under small holder farmer level.

Download or read book Challenges and prospects of rural youth economic empowerment The Case of Dire Teyara of Harari Regional State Ethiopia written by Barudin Abdi and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-07-02 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thesis (M.A.) from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, Ethiopian Civil Service University (individual), course: thesis, language: English, abstract: The purpose of the study was an assessment on the challenges and prospects of rural youth economic empowerment in Dire Teyara Woreda in Harari Regional state of Ethiopia. Standing from this objective, the study was attempted to answer the basic questions of What are the current practices of rural youth economic empowerment?, What are the challenges in implementing rural youth economic development package?, What are the prospects of rural youth economic empowerment?, How can the challenges be addressed and appropriately to use prospects to empower youth economy in the study area? The study was conducted using descriptive study design. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods engaged. Quantitative data was collected from 80 beneficiary youth organized under job opportunity creation program and qualitative data was collected by interview with 10 respondents which of expert of Job Opportunity and Food Security Agency, woreda leader and managers in six Kebelles and 3 field observations was conducted. After data was collected then edited, coded and enter in to SPPS computer software and micro soft Excel as instruments of data entry and data interpreting. The analysis was done using descriptive statistics tool (like frequency, tables, percentage), data was presented by using graphs and summarizing. The major findings are: most of the respondents’ gender was males those are the age category of 26-29 years and most of them are single with high school education background. The challenges in implementing rural youth economic development package particularly in job creation opportunity program challenged by Limited knowledge and skill in leaders and experts, Inadequate Stakeholder integration, Lack of monitoring and evaluating practice to implement youth package, Insufficient credit services for youth and Lack of local community support. the prospect of rural youth economic empowerment were long and short term plan. The major Strategies to improve rural youth economic empowerment were the government should be strongly introducing youth policies, highly monitoring and evaluation in implementing youth development package, good education and training that focus to improve rural youth economic empowerment and improve credit service. Finally, the researcher has recommended that participation and coordination of all concerned bodies and stakeholders are very important in supporting to empower rural youth economically.

Download or read book Societal Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change written by Sally M. Kane and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-05-31 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in climate and climate variability have an effect on people's behaviour around the world, and public institutions have an important part to play in influencing our ability to respond to and plan for climate risk. We may be able to reduce climate risk by seeking to mitigate the threat on the one hand, and by adapting to a changed climate on the other. Another theme of the book is the integrated role of adaptation and mitigation in framing issues and performing analyses. Adaptation costs fall most heavily on the poor and special attention needs to be paid to adaptation by the poorest populations. An integrating framework is also presented to provide the context for an expansive typology of terms to apply to adaptation. The 12 papers collected here use methods from a variety of disciplines and focus on different time frames for decision making, from short term to the very long term. Readership: Technically trained readers familiar with the policy issues surrounding climate change and interested in learning the scientific underpinnings of issues related to societal adaptation.

Download or read book Enhancing the Contribution of Maize to Food Security in Ethiopia written by Mandefro Nigussie and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 2002 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ethiopia Calls written by Sandi Bokovoy and published by WestBow Press. This book was released on 2022-02-16 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The journal of a young couple who lived through life and death experiences to bring hope and health to hundreds in need of both physical and spiritual healing.

Download or read book Climate Change Adaptation in Africa written by Walter Leal Filho and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection showcases experiences from research and field projects in climate change adaptation on the African continent. It includes a set of papers presented at a symposium held in Addis Abeba in February 2016, which brought together international experts to discuss “fostering African resilience and capacity to adapt.” The papers introduce a wide range of methodological approaches and practical case studies to show how climate change adaptation can be implemented in regions and countries across the continent. Responding to the need for more cross-sectoral interaction among the various stakeholders working in the field of climate change adaptation, the book fosters the exchange of information on best practices across the African continent.

Download or read book Climate Change Adaptive Capacity and Development written by Richard J. T. Klein and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on papers presented at a workshop entitled Enhancing the Capacity of Developing Countries to Adapt to Climate Change, which was held Sept. 30-Oct. 2, 2001, Potsdam, Ger., and sponsored by the Postdam Institute for Climate Impact Research.

Download or read book Protecting Groundwater for Health written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2006 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication provides a structured approach to analyzing hazards to groundwater quality, assessing the risk they may cause for a specific supply, setting priorities in addressing these, and developing management strategies for their control. This book summarizes which pathogens and chemicals are relevant to human health, how they are transported, reduced, removed or retarded; provides practical guidance on characterizing the drinking-water catchment area and assessing potential health hazards; provides guidance on prioritising both hazards and management responses; presents key information on potential management actions and explains their integration into a comprehensive Water Safety Plan from catchment to consumer; and describes policy, land-use planning and implementation of pollution prevention, groundwater, with overviews of specific management approaches applicable to agriculture, sanitation, industry, mining, military sites, waste disposal and traffic.--Publisher's description.