Download or read book Voter Turnout from 1945 to 1997 written by International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies Since 1945 written by Mark N. Franklin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-04-19 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Voting is a habit. People learn the habit of voting, or not, based on experience in their first few elections. Elections that do not stimulate high turnout among young adults leave a 'footprint' of low turnout in the age structure of the electorate as many individuals who were new at those elections fail to vote at subsequent elections. Elections that stimulate high turnout leave a high turnout footprint. So a country's turnout history provides a baseline for current turnout that is largely set, except for young adults. This baseline shifts as older generations leave the electorate and as changes in political and institutional circumstances affect the turnout of new generations. Among the changes that have affected turnout in recent years, the lowering of the voting age in most established democracies has been particularly important in creating a low turnout footprint that has grown with each election.
Download or read book Electoral Engineering written by Pippa Norris and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-02-09 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Kosovo to Kabul, the last decade witnessed growing interest in ?electoral engineering?. Reformers have sought to achieve either greater government accountability through majoritarian arrangements or wider parliamentary diversity through proportional formula. Underlying the normative debates are important claims about the impact and consequences of electoral reform for political representation and voting behavior. The study compares and evaluates two broad schools of thought, each offering contracting expectations. One popular approach claims that formal rules define electoral incentives facing parties, politicians and citizens. By changing these rules, rational choice institutionalism claims that we have the capacity to shape political behavior. Alternative cultural modernization theories differ in their emphasis on the primary motors driving human behavior, their expectations about the pace of change, and also their assumptions about the ability of formal institutional rules to alter, rather than adapt to, deeply embedded and habitual social norms and patterns of human behavior.
Download or read book Elections in the Americas A Data Handbook written by Dieter Nohlen and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2005-04-14 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume work continues the series of election data handbooks published by OUP. It presents a first-ever compendium of electoral data for all 35 countries in the Americas since the introduction of universal male suffrage. Following the overall structure of the series, an initial comparative introduction on elections and electoral systems is followed by chapters on each country. Written by knowledgeable and renowned scholars, the contributions examine the evolution of constitutional and electoral arrangements and provide systematic surveys of the up-to-date electoral provisions and electoral rules. These widely differing rules exert considerable influence on party systems and political processes. Exhaustive statistics on all national elections and referendums are given in each chapter. Together with the other books of this series, Elections in the Americas is a highly reliable resource for historical and cross-national comparisons of elections and electoral systems worldwide.
Download or read book Elections in the Americas A Data Handbook Volume 1 written by Dieter Nohlen and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2005-04-14 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume work continues the series of election data handbooks published by OUP. It presents a first-ever compendium of electoral data for all 35 countries in the Americas since the introduction of universal male suffrage. Following the overall structure of the series, an initial comparative introduction on elections and electoral systems is followed by chapters on each country. Written by knowledgeable and renowned scholars, the contributions examine the evolution of constitutional and electoral arrangements and provide systematic surveys of the up-to-date electoral provisions and electoral rules. These widely differing rules exert considerable influence on party systems and political processes. Exhaustive statistics on all national elections and referendums are given in each chapter. Together with the other books of this series, Elections in the Americas is a highly reliable resource for historical and cross-national comparisons of elections and electoral systems worldwide.
Download or read book Critical Elections written by Geoffrey Evans and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1999-04-28 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Did Labour's landslide victory in 1997 mark a critical watershed in British party politics? Did the radical break with 18 years of Conservative rule reflect a fundamental change in the social and ideological basis of British voting behaviour? Critical Elections brings together leading scholars of parties, elections and voting behaviour to provide the first systematic overview of long-term change in British electoral politics.
Download or read book Youth Voter Participation written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of the youth vote to any democracy is central to this cross-cultural analysis of the unique role of elections—and the dangers of abstention—in a democratic society. Comparative data from the parliamentary elections of 15 European democracies illustrate the scope of the problem of low youth turnout, and analyses of the reasons for such negligible participation are presented. Specially commissioned interviews conducted in several countries worldwide bring the opinions and views of young people themselves into the study. Additionally, descriptions of specific programmes for increasing youth participation enacted in Chile, Russia, South Africa, and the United States and included, as are proposals for a variety of activities that governmental and nongovernmental organizations can use to draw young citizens into the electoral arena.
Download or read book Proportional Representation on Trial written by Peter Aimer and published by Auckland University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tracing the transition of a democracy as it moves in between electoral systems, this book details the current and past public opinion surrounding New Zealand's 1999 election. As a result of the second election under the Mixed-Member Proportional (MMP) system, New Zealand elected a change in government, a minority center-left coalition of the Labor and Alliance parties. As an independent survey that objectively studies the country's political environment, this book adds to the local debate regarding the MMP electoral system, which will continue as New Zealand looks ahead to the upcoming 2002 election.
Download or read book Social Inequality written by Kathryn Neckerman and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2004-06-18 with total page 1044 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inequality in income, earnings, and wealth has risen dramatically in the United States over the past three decades. Most research into this issue has focused on the causes—global trade, new technology, and economic policy—rather than the consequences of inequality. In Social Inequality, a group of the nation's leading social scientists opens a wide-ranging inquiry into the social implications of rising economic inequality. Beginning with a critical evaluation of the existing research, they assess whether the recent run-up in economic inequality has been accompanied by rising inequality in social domains such as the quality of family and neighborhood life, equal access to education and health care, job satisfaction, and political participation. Marcia Meyers and colleagues find that many low-income mothers cannot afford market-based child care, which contributes to inequality both at the present time—by reducing maternal employment and family income—and through the long-term consequences of informal or low-quality care on children's educational achievement. At the other end of the educational spectrum, Thomas Kane links the growing inequality in college attendance to rising tuition and cuts in financial aid. Neil Fligstein and Taek-Jin Shin show how both job security and job satisfaction have decreased for low-wage workers compared with their higher-paid counterparts. Those who fall behind economically may also suffer diminished access to essential social resources like health care. John Mullahy, Stephanie Robert, and Barbara Wolfe discuss why higher inequality may lead to poorer health: wider inequality might mean increased stress-related ailments for the poor, and it might also be associated with public health care policies that favor the privileged. On the political front, Richard Freeman concludes that political participation has become more stratified as incomes have become more unequal. Workers at the bottom of the income scale may simply be too hard-pressed or too demoralized to care about political participation. Social Inequality concludes with a comprehensive section on the methodological problems involved in disentangling the effects of inequality from other economic factors, which will be of great benefit to future investigators. While today's widening inequality may be a temporary episode, the danger is that the current economic divisions may set in motion a self-perpetuating cycle of social disadvantage. The most comprehensive review of this quandary to date, Social Inequality maps out a new agenda for research on inequality in America with important implications for public policy.
Download or read book Challenges to Democracy written by K. Dowding and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-06 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection brings together leading political scientists in order to address the challenges faced by democracy in the twenty-first century. The contributors tackle the changing nature of democratic ideas, in particular equality in society and the satisfaction of citizens. They examine changing patterns of political involvement, from voting to new forms of participation and protest using the Internet and new technologies. Finally, they look at the challenge to democracy posed by the changing nature of state institutions: party systems, bureaucracy and e-government, regulation and the processes of institutional development.
Download or read book The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems written by Hans-Dieter Klingemann and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-02-05 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Citizens living in presidential or parliamentary systems face different political choices as do voters casting votes in elections governed by rules of proportional representation or plurality. Political commentators seem to know how such rules influence political behaviour. They firmly believe, for example, that candidates running in plurality systems are better known and held more accountable to their constituencies than candidates competing in elections governed by proportional representation. However, such assertions rest on shaky ground simply because solid empirical knowledge to evaluate the impact of political institutions on individual political behaviour is still lacking. The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems has collected data on political institutions and on individual political behaviour and scrutinized it carefully. In line with common wisdom results of most analyses presented in this volume confirm that political institutions matter for individual political behaviour but, contrary to what is widely believed, they do not matter much.
Download or read book A More Equal Society written by Hills, John and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2005-01-12 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the Labour government approaches the end of its second term in office there is a need to assess the welfare issues that have been put into place and examine what has been achieved. 'Poverty, Inequality and Exclusion' brings together the expertise of a range of authors to provide this evaluation.
Download or read book The Ethnopolitics of Elections written by Florian Bieber and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume conceptualizes the dynamics underlying electoral politics in ethnically divided societies, providing empirical evidence and analysis of recent elections in such societies on a comparative and single-case basis, including case studies of Macedonia, Slovakia, Belgium, Malaysia, Singapore, Rwanda, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. Free and fair elections are one of the most fundamental characteristics of democratic systems. In ethnically divided societies, elections and the rules and regulations on which they are based assume special importance because they provide important levers to guarantee, or prevent, adequate representation of different communal groups in the key institutions of the state. Hence not only are elections contested vigorously, but also the electoral systems according to which they are conducted. This book was previously published as a special issue of Ethnopolitics.
Download or read book Patterns of Democracy written by Arend Lijphart and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trata sobre a atuação e formas de governo em 36 países.
Download or read book Coping with Globalization written by Steve Chan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume probes the interactions between domestic and international political economies, and inquires about their effects in different regional and national contexts. The contributors seek to identify persistent patterns as well as changing trends in regard to these important questions of theory and policy by applying systematic cross-national analyses.
Download or read book British Electoral Facts 1832 1999 written by Fred Craig and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-08-26 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2000: This is a reference guide to British elections 1832-1999. It is a volume of electoral facts, which includes material on general elections, parliamentary by-elections, European Parliament elections, elections within the UK, local government elections, referendums, electoral irregularities, and public opinion polls.
Download or read book British Elections Parties Review written by Philip Cowley and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-23 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 10 contains articles covering party membership, voting behaviour and elections, parliamentary voting, candidate selection, and campaigning on the internet, as well as examining US opinion on impeachment. The comprehensive reference section provides researchers with an authoritative source of data on public opinion polls. elections results, political parties, as well as a chronology of the major political events of 1999.
