Download or read book Volatile Methylsiloxanes in the Environment written by Vera Homem and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprising 12 chapters, this book focuses on volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs), the shorter-chained organosiloxanes, and reviews the main areas and environmental compartments where they have been found and studied. It opens with a detailed description of the structural and functional properties, toxic risks and possible transformations of VMSs in the environment and their main uses in various activities and products, as well as the identification of the main sources of emission. Further chapters examine the analytical strategies and protocols that have been used to address the quantification of VMSs, including the issue of possible cross-contaminations. The book also discusses the presence of VMSs in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and in water bodies, their atmospheric fate and levels in biota, as well as occurrences of VMSs in remote areas of the world. It closes with a comprehensive conclusion and discussion on future directions for upcoming studies. This book is not intended as a finishing line, but rather as an important step towards improving our understanding of VMSs, to fuel new collaborations between research groups and/or with industry and lastly to convince more researchers to explore the mysteries of these ubiquitous, yet understudied, chemicals.
Download or read book Volatile Methylsiloxanes in the Environment written by Vera Homem and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprising 12 chapters, this book focuses on volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs), the shorter-chained organosiloxanes, and reviews the main areas and environmental compartments where they have been found and studied. It opens with a detailed description of the structural and functional properties, toxic risks and possible transformations of VMSs in the environment and their main uses in various activities and products, as well as the identification of the main sources of emission. Further chapters examine the analytical strategies and protocols that have been used to address the quantification of VMSs, including the issue of possible cross-contaminations. The book also discusses the presence of VMSs in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and in water bodies, their atmospheric fate and levels in biota, as well as occurrences of VMSs in remote areas of the world. It closes with a comprehensive conclusion and discussion on future directions for upcoming studies. This book is not intended as a finishing line, but rather as an important step towards improving our understanding of VMSs, to fuel new collaborations between research groups and/or with industry and lastly to convince more researchers to explore the mysteries of these ubiquitous, yet understudied, chemicals.
Download or read book Organosilicon Materials written by Grish Chandra and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Siloxanes in the Nordic Environment written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Siloxanes belong to a group of substances used in a number of industrial applications and in consumer products such as additives in fuel, car polish, cleaners, anti foamiers and car waxes. Besides this, they are widely used in e.g. personal care and biomedical products. As a result of their wide use, siloxanes are presumably spread into the environment both via point sources and via diffuse sources and may be found in the environment. Recent studies have suggested that siloxanes may have direct or indirect toxic effects on various biological processes. The aim of this screening study was to obtain a snapshot of the occurrence of siloxanes in the Nordic environment. The here presented screening study involved six countries: Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Sampled media types were air, biota, sediment, sludge, soil and water. Siloxanes were found in all the analysed samples types except soils. The results indicate that there is a general pollution of siloxanes in the Nordic environment, close to dense population and major sources. There was, however, a great variation in concentrations. The cyclic siloxanes occurred in all media in significantly higher concentrations than the linear siloxanes. At present, the observed concentrations are not alarmingly high, and many background sites seem to be non-contaminated. However, the use of siloxanes is extensive and it is possible that continued use will lead to increased environmental levels, eventually reaching effect concentrations.
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 3 Test No 315 Bioaccumulation in Sediment dwelling Benthic Oligochaetes written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2008-10-16 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Test Guideline describes a method to assess bioaccumulation of sediment-associated chemicals in endobenthic oligochaetes worms. It applies to stable, neutral organic chemicals having log Kow values between 3.0 and 6.0, superlipophilic ...
Download or read book Organometallic Compounds in the Environment written by P. J. Craig and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-09-12 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A knowledge of the chemical structure and concentration of organometal compounds throughout the ecosystem is important in working out the pathways and mechanisms by which metals distribute themselves throughout the environment. Treating the topic as an integrated subject area, the Second Edition of Organometallic Compounds in the Environment covers all the recent developments in analytical techniques and reports all the new work that has been achieved since the first book. Covers the general importance and characteristics of organometallic species. Includes general developments in analytical techniques. Discusses several minority elements including antimony and selenium. The book addresses the subject in a single, manageable size and each chapter can be used either as a single review or sequentially within the topic area. A useful resource for all researchers and scientists in industry working with organometallic compounds, including, chemists, environmentalists and ecologists.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Environmental Health written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 4896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, Second Edition, Six Volume Set presents the newest release in this fundamental reference that updates and broadens the umbrella of environmental health, especially social and environmental health for its readers. There is ongoing revolution in governance, policies and intervention strategies aimed at evolving changes in health disparities, disease burden, trans-boundary transport and health hazards. This new edition reflects these realities, mapping new directions in the field that include how to minimize threats and develop new scientific paradigms that address emerging local, national and global environmental concerns. Represents a one-stop resource for scientifically reliable information on environmental health Fills a critical gap, with information on one of the most rapidly growing scientific fields of our time Provides comparative approaches to environmental health practice and research in different countries and regions of the world Covers issues behind specific questions and describes the best available scientific methods for environmental risk assessment
Download or read book Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern CEC in Environment written by Pardeep Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) in Environment provides information about new concepts and latest developments in origin, reaction pathways, transportation, transformation products, identification, and adverse effects of CEC, as well as recent remediation technologies and tools for CEC. The book explores processes such as nanotechnology for the degradation of CEC by using various heterogeneous catalysts. The chapters incorporate both theoretical and practical aspects and can serve as a baseline for future studies. So, Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) in Environment is an indispensable resource for university students, teachers, and researchers, especially those working in the area of remediation and management of contaminants of emerging concern. Takes a holistic approach, focusing on the origin of contaminants, type of contaminants, remediation technologies, regulations and legal aspects Applies chemical, physical and biological processes for the treatment of emerging contaminants Written by a team of internationally reputed and rising researchers
Download or read book Environmental Organic Chemistry written by Rene P. Schwarzenbach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-10-12 with total page 1026 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines in a pedagogical way all pertinent molecular and macroscopic processes that govern the distribution and fate of organic chemicals in the environment and provides simple modeling tools to quantitatively describe these processes and their interplay in a given environmental system Treats fundamental aspects of chemistry, physics, and mathematical modeling as applied to environmentally relevant problems, and gives a state of the art account of the field Teaches the reader how to relate the structure of a given chemical to its physical chemical properties and intrinsic reactivities Provides a holistic and teachable treatment of phase partitioning and transformation processes, as well as a more focused and tailor-made presentation of physical, mathematical, and modeling aspects that apply to environmental situations of concern Includes a large number of questions and problems allowing teachers to explore the depth of understanding of their students or allowing individuals who use the book for self-study to check their progress Provides a companion website, which includes solutions for all problems as well as a large compilation of physical constants and compound properties
Download or read book New Materials for Next Generation Commercial Transports written by Committee on New Materials for Advanced Civil Aircraft and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-03-29 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major objective of this book was to identify issues related to the introduction of new materials and the effects that advanced materials will have on the durability and technical risk of future civil aircraft throughout their service life. The committee investigated the new materials and structural concepts that are likely to be incorporated into next generation commercial aircraft and the factors influencing application decisions. Based on these predictions, the committee attempted to identify the design, characterization, monitoring, and maintenance issues that are critical for the introduction of advanced materials and structural concepts into future aircraft.
Download or read book Silicon Containing Polymers written by R.G. Jones and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BACKGROUND Polysiloxanes have chains constructed of alternately arranged silicon and oxygen atoms with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms. This structure gives them a unique combination of properties that hold great interest for a host of practical applications. Although they have been known and manufactured for many years, their applications continue to expand rapidly and this boosts progress in the generation of new and modified polysiloxanes. Polysiloxanes constitute the oldf'"' known class of silicon-based polymers and the broadest one when viewed in terms of the variety of structures differing in topology and the constitution of organic substituents. There are also many and various types of siloxane copolymers, some of purely siloxane structure and others of siloxane-organic composition. There is no doubt that polysiloxanes are the most technologically important silicon-based polymers. The broad class of model materials known as silicones is based on polysiloxanes. They are also the best known, as most research in the area of silicon polymers has for many years been directed towards the synthesis of new polysiloxanes, to understanding their properties and to extending their applications.
Download or read book A Handbook of Environmental Toxicology written by J.P.F. D'Mello and published by CABI. This book was released on 2019-12-04 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an international team of authors from a range of educational, medical and research establishments, this book is an essential reference for advanced students and researchers in the areas of environmental sciences, ecology, agriculture, environmental health and medicine, in addition to industry and government personnel responsible for environmental regulations and directives. A Handbook of Environmental Toxicology focuses on two key aspects: human disorders and ecotoxicology as affected by major toxins originating from biological sources and pollutants, as well as radiation generated spontaneously or as a result of anthropogenic activity. A diverse array of these potentially harmful agents regularly appear in the atmosphere, soil, water and food, compromising both human health and biodiversity in natural and managed ecosystems.
Download or read book Emerging Pollutants written by Francisco G. Calvo-Flores and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-20 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An excellent, concise, and interdisciplinary overview of different classes of emerging pollutants arising, for example, from pharmaceuticals, pesticides, personal care products, and industrial chemicals and their impact on water, soil, and air. Following an introduction to chemical pollutants, with special attention focused on organic compounds and their properties, the book goes on to describe major emerging pollutants grouped according to their applications in different sectors of industrial or economic activity. For each type of compound, the chemical structure, main properties, and source are presented, along with their fate in the environment as pollutants, the latest analytical methods for detection, possible health or ecology consequences, as well as current regulatory laws. New developments, such as nanotechnology as a pollution source, are also included. The book closes with a chapter devoted to conclusions and future perspectives.
Download or read book Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology written by Kunal Roy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-01-06 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CHEMOMETRICS AND CHEMINFORMATICS IN AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY Explore chemometric and cheminformatic techniques and tools in aquatic toxicology Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology delivers an exploration of the existing and emerging problems of contamination of the aquatic environment through various metal and organic pollutants, including industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biocides, nanomaterials, pesticides, surfactants, dyes, and more. The book discusses different chemometric and cheminformatic tools for non-experts and their application to the analysis and modeling of toxicity data of chemicals to various aquatic organisms. You’ll learn about a variety of aquatic toxicity databases and chemometric software tools and webservers as well as practical examples of model development, including illustrations. You’ll also find case studies and literature reports to round out your understanding of the subject. Finally, you’ll learn about tools and protocols including machine learning, data mining, and QSAR and ligand-based chemical design methods. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to chemometric and cheminformatic tools and techniques, including machine learning and data mining An exploration of aquatic toxicity databases, chemometric software tools, and webservers Practical examples and case studies to highlight and illustrate the concepts contained within the book A concise treatment of chemometric and cheminformatic tools and their application to the analysis and modeling of toxicity data Perfect for researchers and students in chemistry and the environmental and pharmaceutical sciences, Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals in the chemical industry and regulators whose work involves chemometrics.
Download or read book PFASs in the Nordic environment written by Anna Kärrman and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes a screening study of in all ninety-nine conventional and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Nordic environment. In addition, extractable organic fluorine (EOF) was analysed. The latter can provide the amount, but not identity, of organofluorine in the samples, which in turn can be used to assess the mass balance between known and unknown PFASs. The study was initiated by the Nordic Screening Group and funded by these and the Nordic Council of Ministers through the Chemicals Group.A total of 102 samples were analyzed in this study, including bird eggs, fish, marine mammals, terrestrial mammals, surface water, WWTP effluents and sludge, and air. Samples were collected by institutes from the participating countries and self-governing areas; Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.
Download or read book MDI and TDI Safety Health and the Environment written by D. C. Allport and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-05-07 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - MDI und TDI sind Diisocyanate, die industriell als Bausteine für Polymere verwendet werden, aber für die Gesundheit und die Umwelt nicht unbedenklich sind - erstmals werden hier Gesundheits- und Umweltrisiken von TDI und MDI gezielt in einem Band angesprochen - mit zahlreichen Photos, Spektren, Tabellen und Diagrammen - Beiträge von Experten aus Forschung, Industrie und Behörden
Download or read book Handbook of Preformulation written by Sarfaraz K. Niazi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-22 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preformulation studies are the physical, chemical, and biological studies needed to characterize a drug substance for enabling the proper design of a drug product, whereas the effectiveness of a drug product is determined during the formulation studies phase. Though the two disciplines overlap in practice, each is a significantly distinct phase of new drug development. Entirely focused on preformulation principles, this fully revised and updated Handbook of Preformulation: Chemical, Biological, and Botanical Drugs, Second Edition provides detailed descriptions of preformulation methodologies, gives a state-of-the-art description of each technique, and lists the currently available tools useful in providing a comprehensive characterization of a new drug entity. Features: Addresses the preformulation studies of three different types of new active entities - chemical, biological, and botanical, which is the latest established class of active ingredient classified by the FDA Illustrates the activities comprised in preformulation studies and establishes a method of tasking for drug development projects Includes extensive flow charts for characterization decision making Gives extensive theoretical treatment of principles important for testing dissolution, solubility, stability, and solid state characterization Includes over 50% new material
