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Book Responses of Foothill Yellow legged Frog Rana Boylii Larvae to an Introduced Predator

Download or read book Responses of Foothill Yellow legged Frog Rana Boylii Larvae to an Introduced Predator written by David J. Paoletti and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The consequences of species introductions into non-native habitats are a major cause of concern in the U.S. An introduced species may alter native habitats, cause economic damage, compete with natives for resources or prey on them. Of particular interest are the effects of predation by introduced fishes on native amphibians. Amphibians as a group have been declining worldwide due to a variety of factors, one of which being introduced species. In the Pacific Northwest of the U.S., one example of these declining amphibians is the foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii). In Oregon, R. boylii has disappeared from more than half of its historical sites and is now listed as a state and federal Sensitive Species. Although specific causes have not been determined, declines may be partly attributed to the recent introduction of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) to some of the river systems in which these frogs live. Although smallmouth bass have been implicated as a cause of losses, very little is known about interactions between these two species. Given the relatively short period of time these two species have been co-existing, we sought to determine whether R. boylii larvae could even recognize bass as a predatory threat. Through a series of experiments, we examined the behavioral responses of larvae to a variety of stimuli including a native potential predator (rough-skinned newt, Taricha granulosa), introduced predator (smallmouth bass, M. dolomieu), and a native non-predatory fish (speckled dace, Rhinichthys osculus). Each experiment examined a different potential mode of detection: 1) chemical cues only; 2) visual cues only; or 3) a combination of chemical/visual/mechanical cues simultaneously. We predicted that in each experiment, larvae would respond to the native predator by exhibiting antipredator behaviors, whereas those exposed to cues of the non-native, unfamiliar predator would display activity levels similar to larvae exposed to controls. In addition, we tested amphibian larvae from two populations - one where they co-occur with M. dolomieu, and compared them to larvae from a location where M. dolomieu has not yet invaded - to determine whether any antipredator responses observed were recently developed behavioral adaptations. We analyzed initial and overall responses to stimuli. Our analyses of the initial responses of R. boylii larvae revealed an increase in activity when exposed to the visual cues of bass relative to controls. Furthermore, our results suggested that individual R. boylii larvae require multiple cues to facilitate predator detection. When exposed to multiple cues of their native predator, the rough-skinned newt, larvae responded with a significant reduction in activity levels. Those larvae exposed to cues of the non-native predator, smallmouth bass, displayed similar behaviors relative to control cues, supporting our prediction. Consequently, foothill yellow-legged frog larvae appear to be especially vulnerable to predation by non-native smallmouth bass.

Book Sierra Nevada Forest Plan Amendment

Download or read book Sierra Nevada Forest Plan Amendment written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Map packet : Modified Alternative 8 -- Series normalized Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project late seral old growth ranks by forest type -- Herger-Feinstein Quincy Library Group land allocations.

Book Selected Life history and Ecological Aspects of a Population of Foothill Yellow legged Frogs Rana Boylii from Clear Creek Nevada County California

Download or read book Selected Life history and Ecological Aspects of a Population of Foothill Yellow legged Frogs Rana Boylii from Clear Creek Nevada County California written by Thomas James Van Wagner and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Status of the Foothill Yellow legged Frog Rana Boylii in Oregon

Download or read book Status of the Foothill Yellow legged Frog Rana Boylii in Oregon written by Aaron Nicholas Borisenko and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book California Red legged Frog Rana Aurora Draytonii and Mountain Yellow legged Frog Rana Muscosa Surveys for the Coachella Valley Association of Governments CVAG 2003

Download or read book California Red legged Frog Rana Aurora Draytonii and Mountain Yellow legged Frog Rana Muscosa Surveys for the Coachella Valley Association of Governments CVAG 2003 written by Adam Backlin and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Spatial Ecology of an Inland Population of the Foothill Yellow legged Frog Rana Boylii in Tehama County California

Download or read book Spatial Ecology of an Inland Population of the Foothill Yellow legged Frog Rana Boylii in Tehama County California written by Ryan M. Bourque and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Reintroduction of a Declining Amphibian

Download or read book Reintroduction of a Declining Amphibian written by Amy Jo Lind and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book STATUS OF FOOTHILL YELLOW LEGGED FROG RANA BOYLII IN OREGON U S DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR APRIL 15 1999

Download or read book STATUS OF FOOTHILL YELLOW LEGGED FROG RANA BOYLII IN OREGON U S DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR APRIL 15 1999 written by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and published by . This book was released on 1999* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Identifying Microclimatic and Water Flow Triggers Associated with Breeding Activities of a Foothill Yellow legged Frog Rana Boylii Population on the North Fork Feather River California

Download or read book Identifying Microclimatic and Water Flow Triggers Associated with Breeding Activities of a Foothill Yellow legged Frog Rana Boylii Population on the North Fork Feather River California written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Mountain Yellow legged Frog Rana Muscosa Conservation

Download or read book Mountain Yellow legged Frog Rana Muscosa Conservation written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa) has a disjunct distribution spread between the Sierra Nevada and southern California. The southern California population of mountain yellowlegged frog (MYLF) is recognized as a distinct population segment, and with less than 200 adults remaining in the wild, is protected under the federal endangered species act. I examined multiple facets of MYLF conservation across both wild and captive populations with the goal of improving current conservation efforts for the species. To understand the microhabitat needs of the MYLF I modeled the relationship between MYLF presence and 11 microhabitat variables on a per pool scale. Logistic regression models with Akaike's Information Criteria (AIC) were created for both frog and tadpole life stages. The frog model revealed that pool volume, pool leaf litter, bank leaf litter, and understory cover were important variables associated with frog presence. The tadpole model indicated that pool depth and understory cover were important and that pH was marginally important. This knowledge of the microhabitat needs of the MYLF can improve reintroduction efforts by allowing managers to make more informed decisions about where the MYLF should be reintroduced. To improve the reproductive output of a captive colony of MYLF with a history of low reproductive success, I measured the effect of an artificial hibernation period on multiple reproductive behaviors. Males subjected to advertisement calls of conspecific males demonstrated an increased phonotaxic response after a hibernation period (P = 0.01). However, females did not demonstrate a change in phonotaxic response after hibernation (P = 0.93). Examining the reproductive behaviors of breeding pairs I found that males who were hibernated had significantly higher frequencies of amplexus (P