Download or read book Visual Vestibular Integration as a Function of Adaptation to Space Flight and Return to Earth written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-21 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on perception and control of self-orientation and self-motion addresses interactions between action and perception . Self-orientation and self-motion, and the perception of that orientation and motion are required for and modified by goal-directed action. Detailed Supplementary Objective (DSO) 604 Operational Investigation-3 (OI-3) was designed to investigate the integrated coordination of head and eye movements within a structured environment where perception could modify responses and where response could be compensatory for perception. A full understanding of this coordination required definition of spatial orientation models for the microgravity environment encountered during spaceflight.Reschke, Millard R. and Bloomberg, Jacob J. and Harm, Deborah L. and Huebner, William P. and Krnavek, Jody M. and Paloski, William H. and Berthoz, AlanJohnson Space CenterMOTION PERCEPTION; ADAPTATION; MICROGRAVITY; GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS; RETURN TO EARTH SPACE FLIGHT; EYE MOVEMENTS; HEAD MOVEMENT; SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FLIGHTS

Download or read book Space Physiology written by Jay C. Buckey Jr., M.D. and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-02-09 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The success of any space flight mission depends not only on advanced technology but also on the health and well-being of crew members. This book, written by an astronaut physician, is the first practical guide to maintaining crew members health in space. It combines research results with practical advice on such problems as bone loss, kidney stones, muscle wasting, motion sickness, loss of balance, orthostatic intolerance, weight loss, and excessive radiation exposure. Additional topics include pre-flight preparation, relevant gender differences, long-duration medical planning, post-flight rehabilitation, and the physiology of extra-vehicular activity. Designed as a handbook for space crews, this text is also an invaluable tool for all the engineers, medical personnel, and scientists who plan and execute space missions.

Download or read book Handbook of Space Pharmaceuticals written by Yashwant Pathak and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-05-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume handbook, directed at medical professionals and students who are involved in developing the space industry or are academicians doing research in this area, covers current pharmaceutical knowledge about the difference in medication efficacy in space versus on Earth and includes trial results and best practices for the space research and travel industry. The well-known contributors come from an interdisciplinary background and address all aspects of the subject, from the physiological impact of spaceflight to the effects of radiation. As the commercial space industry expands its operations in industry and tourism, the field of space pharmaceuticals is growing commensurately. Existing pharmacological research from space is thoroughly covered in this book, and Earth applications are also described. Potential pharmacological solutions are posed along with the known challenges and examples from existing studies, which are detailed at length. This major reference work is a comprehensive and important medical resource for all space industry players.

Download or read book Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Project written by Charles F. Sawin and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Project was developed to address concerns related to crew safety during the entry, landing, and egress phases of Shuttle missions. The implementation process focused on the use of Detailed Supplementary Objectives (DSOs) with NASA researchers as lead scientists. The Final Report includes reports in eight areas of concern: cardiovascular deconditioning, regulatory physiology, functional performance evaluation, environmental health, neurovestibular dysfunction, assessment of human factors, facilities, and hardware. The report on neurovestibular dysfunction includes studies of motion perception reporting, visual-vestibular integration as a function of adaptation of space flight and return to Earth, recovery of postural equilibrium control following space flight, and the effects of space flight on locomotor control.

Download or read book Vestibular Function on Earth and in Space written by J. Stahle and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wenner-Gren Center International Symposium Series, Volume 15: Vestibular Function on Earth and in Space provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of vestibular research. This book discusses the problems concerned with space, with emphasis on the importance of the vestibular apparatus in space flight. Organized into 32 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the mechanisms and processes for creating the chemical composition of endolymph. This text then examines the speculative comparisons between prolonged exposure in a manne weightless space station and in a rotating space station. Other chapters consider the relationships between vestibular nystagmus and degradation of visual acuity when the vestibular stimuli interfere with voluntary efforts to see specific visual detail. This book discusses as well the concepts concerning the distribution of function between semicircular canals and otolith organs. The final chapter deals with the method for selective marking of neurons after axonal transection. This book is a valuable resource for otologists and scientists.

Download or read book 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spaceflight and the Central Nervous System written by Alex P. Michael and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-28 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consolidates the current knowledge of how short and long-duration spaceflight affects the anatomy and physiology of the central nervous system. It also incorporates the methodology and constraints of studying the central nervous system in space. Chapters detail advances in imaging techniques available to assess intracranial and intraocular pathology as well as translational medicine with an emphasis on brain cancer and neurodegenerative disease in spaceflight. Additionally, the book offers theoretical background information, tested laboratory protocols, and step-by-step methods for reproducible lab experiments to aid neuroscientists and neurobiologists in laboratory testing and experimentation. Spaceflight and the Central Nervous System is the first to comprehensively include all aspects of spaceflight-induced changes in the central nervous system. It is an invaluable resource for basic and clinical laboratory trainees and researchers in aerospace medicine and physiology or for those looking to gain specific knowledge in spaceflight neuroscience.

Download or read book Space Physiology and Medicine written by Arnauld E. Nicogossian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-13 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As space medicine evolved from the late 1950s onward, the need arose for a ready reference for students and practitioners on the basic concepts of this new specialty. Through three editions edited by leaders in the development of space medicine, this classic text has met the need. This fourth edition of Space Physiology and Medicine provides succinct, evidence-based summaries of the current knowledge base in space medicine and serves as a source of information on the space environment, responses, and practices. Additionally, there is extensive online material available for each chapter, featuring overviews and self-study questions.

Download or read book Principles of Clinical Medicine for Space Flight written by Michael R. Barratt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-20 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years, a large body of knowledge has developed regarding the ways in which space flight affects the health of the personnel involved. Now, for the first time, this clinical knowledge on how to diagnose and treat conditions that either develop during a mission or because of a mission has been compiled by Drs. Michael Barratt and Sam L. Pool of the NASA/Johnson Space Center. Complete with detailed information on the physiological and psychological affects of space flight as well as how to diagnose and treat everything from dental concerns to decompression to dermatological problems encountered, this text is a must have for all those associated with aerospace medicine.

Download or read book Recapturing a Future for Space Exploration written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than four decades have passed since a human first set foot on the Moon. Great strides have been made in our understanding of what is required to support an enduring human presence in space, as evidenced by progressively more advanced orbiting human outposts, culminating in the current International Space Station (ISS). However, of the more than 500 humans who have so far ventured into space, most have gone only as far as near-Earth orbit, and none have traveled beyond the orbit of the Moon. Achieving humans' further progress into the solar system had proved far more difficult than imagined in the heady days of the Apollo missions, but the potential rewards remain substantial. During its more than 50-year history, NASA's success in human space exploration has depended on the agency's ability to effectively address a wide range of biomedical, engineering, physical science, and related obstacles-an achievement made possible by NASA's strong and productive commitments to life and physical sciences research for human space exploration, and by its use of human space exploration infrastructures for scientific discovery. The Committee for the Decadal Survey of Biological and Physical Sciences acknowledges the many achievements of NASA, which are all the more remarkable given budgetary challenges and changing directions within the agency. In the past decade, however, a consequence of those challenges has been a life and physical sciences research program that was dramatically reduced in both scale and scope, with the result that the agency is poorly positioned to take full advantage of the scientific opportunities offered by the now fully equipped and staffed ISS laboratory, or to effectively pursue the scientific research needed to support the development of advanced human exploration capabilities. Although its review has left it deeply concerned about the current state of NASA's life and physical sciences research, the Committee for the Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space is nevertheless convinced that a focused science and engineering program can achieve successes that will bring the space community, the U.S. public, and policymakers to an understanding that we are ready for the next significant phase of human space exploration. The goal of this report is to lay out steps and develop a forward-looking portfolio of research that will provide the basis for recapturing the excitement and value of human spaceflight-thereby enabling the U.S. space program to deliver on new exploration initiatives that serve the nation, excite the public, and place the United States again at the forefront of space exploration for the global good.

Download or read book Motion Perception with Conflicting Or Congruent Visual and Vestibular Cues written by Andrew Alan Rader and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: We are required on a daily basis to estimate our position and motion in space by centrally combining noisy, incomplete, and potentially conflicting or ambiguous, information from both sensory sources (e.g. vestibular organs, visual, proprioceptive), and non-sensory sources (e.g. efferent copy, cognition)). This "spatial orientation" is normally subconscious, and information from multiple sense organs is automatically fused into perception. As late as the early nineteenth century, very little was known about the underlying mechanisms, and our understanding of some critical factors such as such as how the brain resolves the tilt-translation ambiguity is only now beginning to be understood. The otolith organs function like a three-axis linear accelerometer, responding to the vector difference between gravity and linear acceleration (GIF= g - a). How does the brain separate gravity from linear acceleration? How does the brain combine cues from disparate sensors to derive an overall perception of motion? What happens if these sensors provide conflicting information? Humans routinely perform balance tasks on a daily basis, sometimes in the absence of visual cues. The inherent complexity of the tasks is evidenced by the wide range of balance pathologies and locomotive difficulties experienced by people with vestibular disorders. Maintaining balance involves stabilizing the body's inverted pendulum dynamics where the center of rotation (at the ankles) is below the center of mass and the vestibular sensors are above the center of rotation (for example, swaying above the ground level or balancing during standing or walking). This type of swing motion is also encountered in most fixed-wing aircraft and flight simulators, where the pilot is above the center of roll. Swing motions where the center of mass and sensors are below the center of rotation are encountered on a child's swing, and in some high-wing aircraft and helicopters. Spatial orientation tasks requiring central integration of sensory information are ubiquitous in aerospace. Spatial disorientation, often triggered by unusual visual or flight conditions, is attributed to around 10% of aviation accidents, and many of these are fatal. Simulator training is a key factor in establishing the supremacy of instrument-driven flight information over vestibular and other human sensory cues in the absence of reliable visual information. It therefore becomes important to ensure that simulators re-create motion perceptions as accurately as possible. What cues can safely be ignored or replaced with analogous cues? How realistic and consistent must a visual scene be to maintain perceptual fidelity? Spatial orientation is also a critical human factor in spaceflight. Orientation and navigation are impaired by the lack of confirming gravitation cues in microgravity, as sensory cues are misinterpreted and generate the incorrect motion perceptions. These persist at least until the vestibular or central nervous system pathways adapt to the altered gravity environment, however human navigation never fully adapts to the three dimensional frame. There is a wealth of data describing the difficulties with balance, gait, gaze control, and spatial orientation on return to Earth. Post-flight ataxia (a neurological sign of gross incoordination of motor movements) is a serious concern for all returning space travelers for at least ten days. This would be an even more serious concern for newly arrived astronauts conducting operations extraterrestrial environments after a long space flight. What motion profiles in a lunar landing simulator on Earth will best prepare astronauts for the real task in an altered gravity environment? Far from being a problem restricted to a human operator, the aerospace systems themselves face the same challenge of integrating sensory information for navigation. Modeling how the brain performs multi-sensory integration has analogies to how aircraft and spacecraft perform this task, and in fact modelers have employed similar techniques. Thus, developments in modeling multi-sensory integration improve our understanding of both the operator and the vehicle. Specifically, this research is concerned with how human motion perception is affected during swing motion when vestibular information is incomplete or ambiguous, or when conflicting visual information is provided.

Download or read book Vestibular Function on Earth and in Space written by Jan Stahle and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1970 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Applied Perception Research written by Robert R. Hoffman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-26 with total page 1468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge Handbook of Applied Perception Research covers core areas of research in perception with an emphasis on its application to real-world environments. Topics include multisensory processing of information, time perception, sustained attention, and signal detection, as well as pedagogical issues surrounding the training of applied perception researchers. In addition to familiar topics, such as perceptual learning, the Handbook focuses on emerging areas of importance, such as human-robot coordination, haptic interfaces, and issues facing societies in the twenty-first century (such as terrorism and threat detection, medical errors, and the broader implications of automation). Organized into sections representing major areas of theoretical and practical importance for the application of perception psychology to human performance and the design and operation of human-technology interdependence, it also addresses the challenges to basic research, including the problem of quantifying information, defining cognitive resources, and theoretical advances in the nature of attention and perceptual processes.

Download or read book Spatial Disorientation in Aviation written by Fred H. Previc and published by AIAA. This book was released on 2004 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Humans in Spaceflight written by Arnauld E. Nicogossian and published by AIAA. This book was released on 1997-03-31 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third volume in the Space Biology and Medicine series addresses the major issues concerning humans in space, such as metabolism, the immune system, neurosensory and sensory motor functions, gravitational biology, radiation, pharmacokinetics and much more. It is composed of two parts: Effects of Microgravity and Effects of Other Spaceflight Factors. As in the previous two volumes, the contributing authors are experts in their respective fields.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Space Life Sciences written by Susanne Elaine Churchill and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Space Life Sciences is the first comprehensive teaching text to be published in the space life sciences. Designed primarily to support coursework at the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels, this two-volume set is also a state-of-the-art reference text for those desiring a broad overview of the space environment, response of living systems to spaceflight, psychosocial issues of spaceflight, and life support systems.

Download or read book The Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: