Download or read book Visual Strategies for the Control of Locomotion written by Andrew P. Duchon and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Visual Control of Locomotion written by Brett R. Fajen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element examines visual perception in the context of activities that involve moving about in complex, dynamic environments. A central theme is that the ability of humans and other animals to perceive their surroundings based on vision is profoundly shaped by the need to adaptively regulate locomotion to variations in the environment. As such, important new insights into what and how we perceive can be gleaned by investigating the connection between vision and the control of locomotion. I present an integrated summary of decades of research on the perception of self-motion and object motion based on optic flow, the perception of spatial layout and affordances, and the control strategies for guiding locomotion based on visual information. I also explore important theoretical issues and debates, including the question of whether visual control relies on internal models.

Download or read book Neuro motor control and feed forward models of locomotion in humans written by Marco Iosa and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-29 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Locomotion involves many different muscles and the need of controlling several degrees of freedom. Despite the Central Nervous System can finely control the contraction of individual muscles, emerging evidences indicate that strategies for the reduction of the complexity of movement and for compensating the sensorimotor delays may be adopted. Experimental evidences in animal and lately human model led to the concept of a central pattern generator (CPG) which suggests that circuitry within the distal part of CNS, i.e. spinal cord, can generate the basic locomotor patterns, even in the absence of sensory information. Different studies pointed out the role of CPG in the control of locomotion as well as others investigated the neuroplasticity of CPG allowing for gait recovery after spinal cord lesion. Literature was also focused on muscle synergies, i.e. the combination of (locomotor) functional modules, implemented in neuronal networks of the spinal cord, generating specific motor output by imposing a specific timing structure and appropriate weightings to muscle activations. Despite the great interest that this approach generated in the last years in the Scientific Community, large areas of investigations remain available for further improvement (e.g. the influence of afferent feedback and environmental constrains) for both experimental and simulated models. However, also supraspinal structures are involved during locomotion, and it has been shown that they are responsible for initiating and modifying the features of this basic rhythm, for stabilising the upright walking, and for coordinating movements in a dynamic changing environment. Furthermore, specific damages into spinal and supraspinal structures result in specific alterations of human locomotion, as evident in subjects with brain injuries such as stroke, brain trauma, or people with cerebral palsy, in people with death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra due to Parkinson’s disease, or in subjects with cerebellar dysfunctions, such as patients with ataxia. The role of cerebellum during locomotion has been shown to be related to coordination and adaptation of movements. Cerebellum is the structure of CNS where are conceivably located the internal models, that are neural representations miming meaningful aspects of our body, such as input/output characteristics of sensorimotor system. Internal model control has been shown to be at the basis of motor strategies for compensating delays or lacks in sensorimotor feedbacks, and some aspects of locomotion need predictive internal control, especially for improving gait dynamic stability, for avoiding obstacles or when sensory feedback is altered or lacking. Furthermore, despite internal model concepts are widespread in neuroscience and neurocognitive science, neurorehabilitation paid far too little attention to the potential role of internal model control on gait recovery. Many important scientists have contributed to this Research Topic with original studies, computational studies, and review articles focused on neural circuits and internal models involved in the control of human locomotion, aiming at understanding the role played in control of locomotion of different neural circuits located at brain, cerebellum, and spinal cord levels.

Download or read book Locomotion and Posture in Older Adults written by Fabio Augusto Barbieri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an attempt to advance the discussion and improve our understanding about the effects of aging and movement disorders on motor control during walking and postural tasks. Despite these activities are performed daily, there is a high requirement of motor and neural systems in order to perform both tasks efficiently. Both walking and posture require a complex interaction of musculoskeletal and neural systems. However, the mechanisms used to control these tasks, as well as how they are planned and coordinated, are still a question of discussion among health professionals and researchers. In addition, this discussion is more interesting when the effects of aging are included in the context of locomotion and the postural control. The number of older individuals is 841 million in 2015, which is four times higher than the 202 million that lived in 1950. Aging causes many motor, sensorial and neural deficits, which impair locomotion and postural control in the elderly. The severity of this framework is worsened when the aging goes along with a movement disorder, such as Parkinson disease, Chorea, Dystonia, Huntington disease, etc. Therefore, the aim of this book is to highlight the influence of different aspects on planning, controlling and performing locomotion and posture tasks. In attempting to improve current knowledge in this field, invited authors present and discuss how environmental, sensorial, motor, cognitive and individual aspects influence the planning and performance of locomotor and postural activities. The major thrust of the book is to address the mechanisms involved in controlling and planning motor action in neurological healthy individuals, as well as in those who suffer from movement disorders or face the effects of aging, indicating the aspects that impair locomotion and postural control. In addition, new technologies, tools and interventions designed to manage the effects of aging and movement disorders are presented in the book.

Download or read book Maps Programs and the Visual Control of Locomotion written by James Alick Thomson and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Adaptability of Human Gait written by A.E. Patla and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1991-03-25 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large number of volumes have been produced summarizing the work on generation and control of rhythmic movements, in particular locomotion. Unfortunately most of them focus on locomotor studies done on animals. This edited volume redresses that imbalance by focusing completely on human locomotor behaviour. The very nature of the problem has both necessitated and attracted researchers from a wide variety of disciplines ranging from psychology, neurophysiology, kinesiology, engineering, medicine to computer science. The different and unique perspectives they bring to this problem provide a comprehensive picture of the current state of knowledge on the generation and regulation of human locomotor behaviour. A common unifying theme of this volume is studying the adaptability of human gait to obtain insights into the control of locomotion. The intentional focus on "adaptability" is meant to draw attention to the importance of understanding the generation and regulation of "skilled locomotor behaviour" rather than just the generation of basic locomotor patterns which has been the major focus of animal studies. The synthesis chapter at the end of the volume examines how the questions posed, the technology, and the experimental and theoretical paradigms have evolved over the years, and what the future has in store for this important research domain.

Download or read book Maps Programs and the Visual Control of Locomotion written by J. A. Thomson and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Visual Control of Locomotion written by Jurgen Konczak and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Time to Contact written by Heiko Hecht and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-05-06 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-to-contact is the visual information that observers use in fundamental tasks such as landing an airplane or hitting a ball. Time-to-contact has been a hot topic in perception and action for many years and although many articles have been published on this topic, a comprehensive overview or assessment of the theory does not yet exist. This book fills an important gap and will have appeal to the perception and action community. The book is divided into four sections. Section one covers the foundation of time-to-contact, Section two covers different behavioral approaches to time-to-contact estimation, Section three focuses on time-to-contact as perception and strategy, and Section four covers time-to-contact and action regulation.

Download or read book Vision and Motor Control written by L. Proteau and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1992-02-20 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the classic studies of Woodworth (1899), the role of vision in the control of movement has been an important research topic in experimental psychology. While many early studies were concerned with the relative importance of vision and kinesthesis and/or the time it takes to use visual information, recent theoretical and technical developments have stimulated scientists to ask questions about how different sources of visual information contribute to motor control in different contexts. In this volume, articles are presented that provide a broad coverage of the current research and theory on vision and human motor learning and control. Many of the contributors are colleagues that have met over the years at the meetings and conferences concerned with human movement. They represent a wide range of affiliation and background including kinesiology, physical education, neurophysiology, cognitive psychology and neuropsychology. Thus the topic of vision and motor control is addressed from a number of different perspectives. In general, each author sets an empirical and theoretical framework for their topic, and then discusses current work from their own laboratory, and how it fits into the larger context. A synthesis chapter at the end of the volume identifies commonalities in the work and suggests directions for future experimentation.

Download or read book Visual Control of Locomotion written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accomplishments were threefold. First, a software tool for rendering virtual environments was developed, a tool useful for other researchers interested in visual perception and visual control of action. Second, an instrumented electric scooter was developed that allows a person to drive around in virtual reality while experiencing the normal inertial cues associated with physical motion. This type of research vehicle can be used to investigate the roles of visual and inertial cues in the control of locomotion. Third, a number of behavioral experiments were conducted in real and virtual environments. The principal research findings were these: (1) complex behaviors, like steering a curved path and ball catching, can be performed without the retinal motion associated with luminance-based stimulation, (2) visual control of posture depends on the sensed relative motion between self and environment instead of on "optic flow", (3) people can continue steering a vehicle after the loss of visual information, implicating an internal model of surrounding space, (4) a steering error observed while driving with visual information only is eliminated when inertial cues.

Download or read book Vision and Goal Directed Movement written by Digby Elliott and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2010-02-05 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vision and Goal-Directed Movement: Neurobehavioral Perspectives is also available as an e-book. The e-book is available at a reduced price and allows readers to highlight and take notes throughout the text. When purchased through the Human Kinetics Web site, access to the e-book is immediately granted when the order is received. To interact with the environment, an individual must code, store, and translate spatial information into the appropriate motor commands for achieving an outcome. Working from this premise, Vision and Goal-Directed Movement: Neurobehavioral Perspectives discusses how visual perception, attention, and memory are linked to the processes of movement preparation and execution. With contributions from active researchers in movement science, Vision and Goal-Directed Movement presents the latest theories on the utilization of vision in goal-directed movement control. As a resource for motor control and motor learning researchers, students, educators, and clinicians, Vision and Goal-Directed Movement offers the following: • Comprehensive coverage of current behavior-based literature on the visual control of goal-directed movement • A systematic explication of the sensory and physiological processes and systems responsible for fast, accurate, and efficient performance • A solid foundation for further study of the sensory and neural systems responsible for precise goal-directed behavior • A discussion of how current research on vision and goal-directed movement can assist in creating efficient and safe work environments Using research informed by neural imaging and magnetic brain stimulation, this text provides readers with a better understanding of the neural foundations for goal-directed movement, illustrates the flexibility of the human visuomotor system, and discusses how regulation of movements depends on the learning and developmental history of the performer. It begins by reviewing the works of R.S. Woodworth and the influence of his theories on current research. The majority of the chapters in the first section of the book take a behavioral and process-oriented approach to exploring goal-directed movement. The text then explores the sensory and neural foundations for goal-directed action, including issues related to both pursuit and saccadic eye movements as well as discussion of the specialization of various cortical systems for the regulation of movement. Especially relevant to professionals and scientists concerned with skill instruction and rehabilitation, the final part of the text provides a review of recent research on how and why limb control changes occur with practice and development. In addition, Vision and Goal-Directed Movement considers how the research presented can maximize precision, efficiency, and safety in workspace design. Vision and Goal-Directed Movement: Neurobehavioral Perspectives adds a unique offering to the literature base for motor behavior, demonstrating how advances in both behavioral and neurophysiological methods can inform theories related to the biological systems contributing to skilled performance.

Download or read book Afferent Control of Posture and Locomotion written by J. H. J. Allum and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1989 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How are the functions of control, integration and generation of motor commands performed by the brain? A view of the motor systems of the brain as hierarchically organized structures, where neurone populations and simple reflex pathways form elementary building blocks, answers this question. There are contradictory forecasts of how major advances in our understanding of posture and locomotion will develop. Some believe that the key to understanding lies in a detailed knowledge of the cortical and subcortical structures, while others regard a thorough grasp of spinal and brainstem neuronal circuitry as crucial. Yet another approach is to study human or animal postural and locomotive behaviour, looking for influences that act to select one of several potential motor patterns or strategies under a given set of circumstances. While each of these viewpoints has its strengths - and weaknesses - real progress can only be achieved through a constructive exchange of ideas, criticism and information. To make this possible, a group of scientists gathered in Switzerland in September 1988 to present and discuss their research. This book represents the scientific outcome of that meeting.Its subject matter reflects closely the different approaches of the participants: current research on sensory transduction, spinal integration, and higher order neuronal and behavioural control. Using a technique of overview and critique of each group of papers we hope that the non-specialist reader can also grasp the issues involved and the directions for further research in motor control.

Download or read book Motor Learning and Control for Dance written by Donna Krasnow and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As dance training evolves and becomes more complex, knowledge of motor behavior is foundational in helping dancers learn and master new skills and become more efficient in integrating the skills. Motor Learning and Control for Dance is the first resource to address motor learning theory from a dance perspective. Educators and students preparing to teach will learn practical ways to connect the science behind dance to pedagogy in order to prepare dancers for performance. Dancers interested in performance from the recreational to professional levels will learn ways to enhance their technical and artistic progress. In language accessible even to those with no science background, Motor Learning and Control for Dance showcases principles and practices for students, artists, and teachers. The text offers a perspective on movement education not found in traditional dance training while adding to a palette of tools and strategies for improving dance instruction and performance. Aspiring dancers and instructors will explore how to develop motor skills, how to control movement on all levels, and—most important—how motor skills are best taught and learned. The authors, noted experts on motor learning and motor control in the dance world, explore these features that appeal to students and instructors alike: • Dance-specific photos, examples, and figures illustrate how to solve common problems various dance genres. • The 16 chapters prepare dance educators to teach dancers of all ages and abilities and support the development of dance artists and students in training and performance. • An extensive bibliography of sports and dance science literature allows teachers and performers to do their own research. • A glossary with a list of key terms at the back of the book. Part I presents an overview of motor behavior, covering motor development from birth to early adulthood. It provides the essential information for teaching posture control and balance, the locomotor skills underlying a range of complex dance skills, and the ballistic skills that are difficult to teach and learn, such as grand battement and movements in street dance. Part II explores motor control and how movement is planned, initiated, and executed. Readers will learn how the nervous system organizes the coordination of movement, the effects of anxiety and states of arousal on dance performance, how to integrate the senses into movement, and how speed and accuracy interact. Part III investigates methods of motor learning for dancers of all ages. Readers will explore how to implement a variety of instructional strategies, determine the best approaches for learning dance skills, and motivate and inspire dancers. This section also discusses how various methods of practice can help or hinder dancers, strategies for improving the recall of dance skills and sequences, and how to embrace somatic practice and its contribution to understanding imagery and motor learning. Motor Learning and Control for Dance addresses many related topics that are important to the discipline, such as imagery and improvisation. This book will help performers and teachers blend science with pedagogy to meet the challenge of artistry and technique in preparing for dance performance.

Download or read book Movement Control written by Paul Cordo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-05-27 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Movement is arguably the most fundamental and important function of the nervous system. Purposive movement requires the coordination of actions within many areas of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, basal ganglia, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves and sensory receptors, which together must control a highly complex biomechanical apparatus made up of the skeleton and muscles. Beginning at the level of biomechanics and spinal reflexes and proceeding upward to brain structures in the cerebellum, brainstem and cerebral cortex, the chapters in this book highlight the important issues in movement control. Commentaries provide a balanced treatment of the articles that have been written by experts in a variety of areas concerned with movement, including behaviour, physiology, robotics, and mathematics.

Download or read book Movement Biomechanics and Motor Control written by Carlo Albino Frigo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of original papers provides an overview of the state of the art of research in the area of human motor control, with an approach that has movement biomechanics as a common base. The reader can find interesting information in this book and a stimulus for new studies and investigations.

Download or read book Biomechanics and Neural Control of Posture and Movement written by Jack M. Winters and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most routine motor tasks are complex, involving load transmission through out the body, intricate balance, and eye-head-shoulder-hand-torso-leg coor dination. The quest toward understanding how we perform such tasks with skill and grace, often in the presence of unpredictable perturbations, has a long history. This book arose from the Ninth Engineering Foundation Con ference on Biomechanics and Neural Control of Movement, held in Deer Creek, Ohio, in June 1996. This unique conference, which has met every 2 to 4 years since the late 1960s, is well known for its informal format that promotes high-level, up-to-date discussions on the key issues in the field. The intent is to capture the high quality ofthe knowledge and discourse that is an integral part of this conference series. The book is organized into ten sections. Section I provides a brief intro duction to the terminology and conceptual foundations of the field of move ment science; it is intended primarily for students. All but two of the re maining nine sections share a common format: (l) a designated section editor; (2) an introductory didactic chapter, solicited from recognized lead ers; and (3) three to six state-of-the-art perspective chapters. Some per spective chapters are followed by commentaries by selected experts that provide balance and insight. Section VI is the largest section, and it con sists of nine perspective chapters without commentaries.