Download or read book Visual Control of Human Gait During Locomotor Pointing written by Adrian Popescu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Adaptability of Human Gait written by A.E. Patla and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1991-03-25 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large number of volumes have been produced summarizing the work on generation and control of rhythmic movements, in particular locomotion. Unfortunately most of them focus on locomotor studies done on animals. This edited volume redresses that imbalance by focusing completely on human locomotor behaviour. The very nature of the problem has both necessitated and attracted researchers from a wide variety of disciplines ranging from psychology, neurophysiology, kinesiology, engineering, medicine to computer science. The different and unique perspectives they bring to this problem provide a comprehensive picture of the current state of knowledge on the generation and regulation of human locomotor behaviour. A common unifying theme of this volume is studying the adaptability of human gait to obtain insights into the control of locomotion. The intentional focus on "adaptability" is meant to draw attention to the importance of understanding the generation and regulation of "skilled locomotor behaviour" rather than just the generation of basic locomotor patterns which has been the major focus of animal studies. The synthesis chapter at the end of the volume examines how the questions posed, the technology, and the experimental and theoretical paradigms have evolved over the years, and what the future has in store for this important research domain.

Download or read book Neuro motor control and feed forward models of locomotion in humans written by Marco Iosa and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-29 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Locomotion involves many different muscles and the need of controlling several degrees of freedom. Despite the Central Nervous System can finely control the contraction of individual muscles, emerging evidences indicate that strategies for the reduction of the complexity of movement and for compensating the sensorimotor delays may be adopted. Experimental evidences in animal and lately human model led to the concept of a central pattern generator (CPG) which suggests that circuitry within the distal part of CNS, i.e. spinal cord, can generate the basic locomotor patterns, even in the absence of sensory information. Different studies pointed out the role of CPG in the control of locomotion as well as others investigated the neuroplasticity of CPG allowing for gait recovery after spinal cord lesion. Literature was also focused on muscle synergies, i.e. the combination of (locomotor) functional modules, implemented in neuronal networks of the spinal cord, generating specific motor output by imposing a specific timing structure and appropriate weightings to muscle activations. Despite the great interest that this approach generated in the last years in the Scientific Community, large areas of investigations remain available for further improvement (e.g. the influence of afferent feedback and environmental constrains) for both experimental and simulated models. However, also supraspinal structures are involved during locomotion, and it has been shown that they are responsible for initiating and modifying the features of this basic rhythm, for stabilising the upright walking, and for coordinating movements in a dynamic changing environment. Furthermore, specific damages into spinal and supraspinal structures result in specific alterations of human locomotion, as evident in subjects with brain injuries such as stroke, brain trauma, or people with cerebral palsy, in people with death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra due to Parkinson’s disease, or in subjects with cerebellar dysfunctions, such as patients with ataxia. The role of cerebellum during locomotion has been shown to be related to coordination and adaptation of movements. Cerebellum is the structure of CNS where are conceivably located the internal models, that are neural representations miming meaningful aspects of our body, such as input/output characteristics of sensorimotor system. Internal model control has been shown to be at the basis of motor strategies for compensating delays or lacks in sensorimotor feedbacks, and some aspects of locomotion need predictive internal control, especially for improving gait dynamic stability, for avoiding obstacles or when sensory feedback is altered or lacking. Furthermore, despite internal model concepts are widespread in neuroscience and neurocognitive science, neurorehabilitation paid far too little attention to the potential role of internal model control on gait recovery. Many important scientists have contributed to this Research Topic with original studies, computational studies, and review articles focused on neural circuits and internal models involved in the control of human locomotion, aiming at understanding the role played in control of locomotion of different neural circuits located at brain, cerebellum, and spinal cord levels.

Download or read book Visual Control of Locomotion written by Jurgen Konczak and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Visual Regulation of Gait in Bipedal Locomotion written by William Paul Berg and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Vision and Motor Control written by L. Proteau and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1992-02-20 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the classic studies of Woodworth (1899), the role of vision in the control of movement has been an important research topic in experimental psychology. While many early studies were concerned with the relative importance of vision and kinesthesis and/or the time it takes to use visual information, recent theoretical and technical developments have stimulated scientists to ask questions about how different sources of visual information contribute to motor control in different contexts. In this volume, articles are presented that provide a broad coverage of the current research and theory on vision and human motor learning and control. Many of the contributors are colleagues that have met over the years at the meetings and conferences concerned with human movement. They represent a wide range of affiliation and background including kinesiology, physical education, neurophysiology, cognitive psychology and neuropsychology. Thus the topic of vision and motor control is addressed from a number of different perspectives. In general, each author sets an empirical and theoretical framework for their topic, and then discusses current work from their own laboratory, and how it fits into the larger context. A synthesis chapter at the end of the volume identifies commonalities in the work and suggests directions for future experimentation.

Download or read book Human Gait in Virtual Reality written by Omar Janeh and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Intersection of Ground Reaction Force Vectors During Human Locomotion written by Johanna Vielemeyer and published by . This book was released on 2022* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human gait and its stabilization is a complex task, even though it is ubiquitous in everyday life and not consciously controlled by most people. Thus, basic stabilization mechanisms are used. Previous research suggests that the virtual pendulum concept maintains the upright position when walking over a level surface, stabilizing the body like a physical pendulum. The concept assumes that the ground reaction forces intersect at a point above the body's center of mass, the virtual pivot point. However, it is unclear whether the virtual pendulum concept is also used for perturbations such as walking over uneven ground or walking with altered posture. Furthermore, previous studies lack the exact distinction between single and double supported stance phases of walking. Additionally, the literature considers almost exclusively the virtual pivot point during walking, and not during running. Therefore, several experiments were conducted for this thesis to address the aforementioned ambiguities. It was observed that in walking over visible and camouflaged curbs the ground reaction forces pointed predominantly to the vicinity of a point above the center of mass. The deviations from the point were small. In other experiments it was found that in the double support phase, the ground reaction forces pointed with a small spread into the center of mass. In running experiments it could be shown that the ground reaction forces pointed with a small spread below the center of mass.

Download or read book Locomotion and Posture in Older Adults written by Fabio Augusto Barbieri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an attempt to advance the discussion and improve our understanding about the effects of aging and movement disorders on motor control during walking and postural tasks. Despite these activities are performed daily, there is a high requirement of motor and neural systems in order to perform both tasks efficiently. Both walking and posture require a complex interaction of musculoskeletal and neural systems. However, the mechanisms used to control these tasks, as well as how they are planned and coordinated, are still a question of discussion among health professionals and researchers. In addition, this discussion is more interesting when the effects of aging are included in the context of locomotion and the postural control. The number of older individuals is 841 million in 2015, which is four times higher than the 202 million that lived in 1950. Aging causes many motor, sensorial and neural deficits, which impair locomotion and postural control in the elderly. The severity of this framework is worsened when the aging goes along with a movement disorder, such as Parkinson disease, Chorea, Dystonia, Huntington disease, etc. Therefore, the aim of this book is to highlight the influence of different aspects on planning, controlling and performing locomotion and posture tasks. In attempting to improve current knowledge in this field, invited authors present and discuss how environmental, sensorial, motor, cognitive and individual aspects influence the planning and performance of locomotor and postural activities. The major thrust of the book is to address the mechanisms involved in controlling and planning motor action in neurological healthy individuals, as well as in those who suffer from movement disorders or face the effects of aging, indicating the aspects that impair locomotion and postural control. In addition, new technologies, tools and interventions designed to manage the effects of aging and movement disorders are presented in the book.

Download or read book Quantifying the Effect of Visual and Support Surface Oscillations on the Orthogonality of Balance Control During Gait written by Kyle Brozek and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous gait research has shown that ratio of anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) step width variability reversed when the direction of progression changed from forward to sideways walking. Unfortunately, the study did not quantify the nature of this reversal over a range of progression angles. Additional research has shown visual perturbations during otherwise normal walking (Wurdeman et al. 2012; O'Connor & Kuo 2009). Therefore, our main research aim is to determine the contribution of both visual and proprioceptive feedback on the orthogonal relationship between gait and balance control during a range of conditions. Seventeen participants were subjected to seven conditions as they walked on a treadmill as the support surface, virtual reality optic flow, or both, oscillated in the transverse plane. Step length and step width variability provided the gait variability measures while variability in balance control was determined by calculating the variability of the center of mass (CoM) range of motion. The ML variability of the CoM was significantly higher during all oscillatory conditions compared to baseline. This supports reported comments from subjects who stated that it was hardest to maintain balance during walking in the oscillatory conditions, specifically the congruent condition more than any other. Subjects displayed the greatest variability increases when walking in an environment where the support surface and VR environment were providing matched, oscillating signals. When visual and proprioceptive signals are separated by a phase shift or if one of the signals is providing consistent information, it appears to be easier for subjects to maintain balance. Our results provide insight into how visual feedback while walking on a stable or unstable support surface affects gait and balance control during locomotion. Additionally, our results provide insight into how the orthogonality of gait and balance changes as the oscillation angle increases. This may have applications in the field of sensory feedback-based rehabilitation protocols.

Download or read book The Human Gait written by Wilhelm Braune and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The different chapters of the present book were published separately each as a complete entity in the Proceedings of the Royal Saxon Society for Sciences. Chapter 1 appeared in 1895 under the names of Wilhelm Braune and Otto Fischer although Braune died immediately after the initial experiments, before the recordings had been interpreted. Chapters 2-6 were signed by Fischer only and appeared in 1899, 1900, 1901, 1903 and 1904. Basic data needed for this investigation of the human gait had been provided previously. A research on the centre of gravity ofthe human body and its different segments by both authors was published in 1889, determination of the moments of inertia of the human body and its segments in 1892. So far only the fIrst of these two works has been published in English. The other has been translated and awaits publication. Springer-Verlag must be congratulated for the quality of this edition and for the care they took in reproducing the original fIgures. This was certainly no easy task. We thank them for the patience they displayed towards the translators. Publication of the present book was made possible fInancially by Prof. M. Muller, Bern. We are grateful to him for his generosity and so will be the scientifIc community.

Download or read book Visual Control of Locomotion written by Brett R. Fajen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element examines visual perception in the context of activities that involve moving about in complex, dynamic environments. A central theme is that the ability of humans and other animals to perceive their surroundings based on vision is profoundly shaped by the need to adaptively regulate locomotion to variations in the environment. As such, important new insights into what and how we perceive can be gleaned by investigating the connection between vision and the control of locomotion. I present an integrated summary of decades of research on the perception of self-motion and object motion based on optic flow, the perception of spatial layout and affordances, and the control strategies for guiding locomotion based on visual information. I also explore important theoretical issues and debates, including the question of whether visual control relies on internal models.

Download or read book Perception of Locomotion written by Eduard Charles Marie Hoenkamp and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sensorimotor Control and Learning written by James Tresilian and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-05-13 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive introduction for undergraduate students. Principals of Sensorimotor Control and Learning presents an integrated picture of sensorimotor behaviour. It provides integrated coverage of: brain and behaviour, perception and action, theory and experiment, performance (kinematics and kinetics of behaviour) and outcomes.

Download or read book Awareness shaping or shaped by prediction and postdiction written by Yuki Yamada and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-06-08 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We intuitively believe that we are aware of the external world as it is. Unfortunately, this is not entirely true. In fact, the capacity of our sensory system is too small to veridically perceive the world. To overcome this problem, the sensory system has to spatiotemporally integrate neural signals in order to interpret the external world. However, the spatiotemporal integration involves severe neural latencies. How does the sensory system keep up with the ever-changing external world? As later discussed, ‘prediction’ and ‘postdiction’ are essential keywords here. For example, the sensory system uses temporally preceding events to predict subsequent events (e.g., Nijhawan, 1994; Kerzel, 2003; Hubbard, 2005) even when the preceding event is subliminally presented (Schmidt, 2000). Moreover, internal prediction modulates the perception of action outcomes (Bays et al., 2005; Cardoso-Leite et al., 2010) and sense of agency (Wenke et al., 2010). Prediction is also an indispensable factor for movement planning and control (Kawato, 1999). On the other hand, the sensory system also makes use of subsequent events to postdictively interpret a preceding event (e.g. Eagleman & Sejnowski, 2000; Enns, 2002; Khuu et al., 2010; Kawabe, 2011, 2012; Miyazaki et al., 2010; Ono & Kitazawa, 2011) and it's much the same even for infancy (Newman et al., 2008). Moreover, it has also been proposed that sense of agency stems not only from predictive processing but also from postdictive inference (Ebert & Wegner, 2011). The existence of postdictive processing is also supported by several neuroscience studies (Kamitani & Shimojo, 1999; Lau et al., 2007). How prediction and postdiction shape awareness of the external world is an intriguing question. Prediction is involved with the encoding of incoming signals, whereas postdiction is related to a re-interpretation of already encoded signals. Given this perspective, prediction and postdiction may exist along a processing stream for a single external event. However, it is unclear whether, and if so how, prediction and postdiction interact with each other to shape awareness of the external world. Awareness of the external world may also shape prediction and/or postdiction. It is plausible that awareness of the external world drives the prediction and postdiction of future and past appearances of the world. However, the literature provides little information about the role of awareness of the external world in prediction and postdiction. This background propelled us to propose this research topic with the aim of offering a space for systematic discussion concerning the relationship between awareness, prediction and postdiction among researchers in broad research areas, such as psychology, psychophysics, neuroscience, cognitive science, philosophy, and so forth. We encouraged papers that address one or more of the following questions: 1) How does prediction shape awareness of the external world? 2) How does postdiction shape awareness of the external world? 3) How do prediction and postdiction interact with each other in shaping awareness of the external world? 4) How does awareness of the external world shape prediction/postdiction?

Download or read book Observational Gait Analysis written by Janet Adams and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-06-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observational Gait Analysis: A Visual Guide is a pedagogical manual and video library that provides a thorough review of key characteristics of normal gait that are important for observational clinical gait analysis. This visual guide by Drs. Jan Adams and Kay Cerny has unique features to further the understanding of examination and evaluation of the subject’s gait, such as: Normal and pathological gait are described using figures and graphs, along with gait videos and 3D graphs to show the kinematics and kinetics described Functional tools used as outcome measures to evaluate gait performance in the community environment including Dynamic Gait Test, Six Minute Walk Test, Ten Meter Walk Test, to name a few In addition to the unique features, the pathological gait section presents descriptions of gait deviations included in a new clinical Observational Gait Analysis (OGA) tool, along with probable causes for each of the deviations. Case studies are presented using this new tool for examining and evaluating the subject’s gait. Bonus! Students will be able to watch antero-posterior and lateral videos of individuals with gait deviations, complete the OGA tool to document their gait examination, and evaluate their examination results. They will then validate their observational skills by comparing their results to the text’s case study OGA results and the skeletal model and motion and moment graphs completed by 3D instrumented analysis of the same individual. The student will then compare their evaluation of causes of deviations to that included in the case study. Included with the text are online supplemental materials for faculty use in the classroom. Observational Gait Analysis: A Visual Guide will be the go-to resource for clinical tools to analyze gait for physical therapy and prosthetic and orthotic students and clinicians, as well as other professionals interested in the clinical analysis of persons with gait disability.

Download or read book Eye Movements written by Roger PG van Gompel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-03-27 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eye-movement recording has become the method of choice in a wide variety of disciplines investigating how the mind and brain work. This volume brings together recent, high-quality eye-movement research from many different disciplines and, in doing so, presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in eye-movement research. Sections include the history of eye-movement research, physiological and clinical studies of eye movements, transsaccadic integration, computational modelling of eye movements, reading, spoken language processing, attention and scene perception, and eye-movements in natural environments. Includes recent research from a variety of disciplines Divided into sections based on topic areas, with an overview chapter beginning each section Through the study of eye movements we can learn about the human mind, and eye movement recording has become the method of choice in many disciplines