Download or read book Report on the National Eye Institute s Visual Acuity Impairment Survey Pilot Study written by National Eye Institute. Office of Biometry and Epidemiology and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Visual Acuity Impairment Survey written by Dean Emery Krueger and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report on the National Eye Institute s Visual Acuity Impairment Survey Pilot Study written by Dean E. Krueger and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-15 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to see deeply affects how human beings perceive and interpret the world around them. For most people, eyesight is part of everyday communication, social activities, educational and professional pursuits, the care of others, and the maintenance of personal health, independence, and mobility. Functioning eyes and vision system can reduce an adult's risk of chronic health conditions, death, falls and injuries, social isolation, depression, and other psychological problems. In children, properly maintained eye and vision health contributes to a child's social development, academic achievement, and better health across the lifespan. The public generally recognizes its reliance on sight and fears its loss, but emphasis on eye and vision health, in general, has not been integrated into daily life to the same extent as other health promotion activities, such as teeth brushing; hand washing; physical and mental exercise; and various injury prevention behaviors. A larger population health approach is needed to engage a wide range of stakeholders in coordinated efforts that can sustain the scope of behavior change. The shaping of socioeconomic environments can eventually lead to new social norms that promote eye and vision health. Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative: Vision for Tomorrow proposes a new population-centered framework to guide action and coordination among various, and sometimes competing, stakeholders in pursuit of improved eye and vision health and health equity in the United States. Building on the momentum of previous public health efforts, this report also introduces a model for action that highlights different levels of prevention activities across a range of stakeholders and provides specific examples of how population health strategies can be translated into cohesive areas for action at federal, state, and local levels.

Download or read book Visual Impairments written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-08-17 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When children and adults apply for disability benefits and claim that a visual impairment has limited their ability to function, the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) is required to determine their eligibility. To ensure that these determinations are made fairly and consistently, SSA has developed criteria for eligibility and a process for assessing each claimant against the criteria. Visual Impairments: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits examines SSA's methods of determining disability for people with visual impairments, recommends changes that could be made now to improve the process and the outcomes, and identifies research needed to develop improved methods for the future. The report assesses tests of visual function, including visual acuity and visual fields whether visual impairments could be measured directly through visual task performance or other means of assessing disability. These other means include job analysis databases, which include information on the importance of vision to job tasks or skills, and measures of health-related quality of life, which take a person-centered approach to assessing visual function testing of infants and children, which differs in important ways from standard adult tests.

Download or read book Vision Test Validation Study for the Health Examination Survey Among Youths 12 17 Years written by Jean Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Psychophysics of Reading in Normal and Low Vision written by Gordon E. Legge and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-10-11 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a leader in the field, this book discusses the role of vision in reading. The author describes the influence of physical properties of text on reading performance and the implications for information processing in the visual pathways. He explores different forms of low vision that affect reading, text characteristics that optimize reading for those with low vision, principles underlying the legibility of text, and guidelines for displaying text. Special topics include the role of the magnocellular pathway in reading and dyslexia, Braille reading, and fonts for highway signs. An accompanying CD contains reprints of the seminal series of articles by Gordon E. Legge and colleagues published between 1985 and 2001.

Download or read book Low Vision written by P. L. Looijestijn and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Survey of the Utilization of Rehabilitation Services by the Visually Impaired Elderly Population -- Low Vision Care: Is Ongoing Assessment Really Necessary? -- Are Low Vision Aids still used Six Month safter Prescription? -- Part II -- DOMICILIARY FOLLOW UP IN LOW VISION CARE -- Low Vision Services in the Context of Vision Rehabilitation -- Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired Children in China -- Residual vision and integration: The implications for India in the management of its blind population -- The Visual Advice Centre Eindhoven, An Experiment in Dutch Low Vision Care -- Meeting the Needs of a Geographically Isolated Paediatric Low Vision Population -- Part III -- The ICIDH as a basis for a uniform language in rehabilitation -- An interdisciplinary model for the rehabilitation of visually impaired and blind people -- Suggestions for the classification of impairments and disabilities of low vision -- VISUAL ACUITY MEASUREMENT for LOW VISION -- The FUNCTIONAL VISION SCORE -- A method to evaluate and rehabilitate the functional vision of visually impaired people -- Quantitative Evaluation of Visual Function -- Functional diagnosis and rehabilitation in proposals for an information support system for the treatment of the visually disabled -- Optometric Involvement in Low Vision Training -- The Importance of Social Work with the Multidisciplinary Assistance of the VAC-E -- The Graduate of Poland's First Program in Vision Rehabilitation - a Follow-Up Survey -- Author Index

Download or read book Epidemiology Of Eye Disease The Third Edition written by Johnson Gordon J and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012-03-13 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book is a comprehensive coverage of the epidemiology of the world's major blinding eye diseases, written by internationally acclaimed experts in each field. Edited by world-renowned epidemiologists and ophthalmologists, the chapters on each leading cause of blindness describe its biology, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical trials, possibilities for prevention, and new research avenues. New chapters include Research Synthesis, Epidemiology of Dry Eye Disease, and Epidemiology of Uveitis, as well as programme issues for reaching the goal of eliminating avoidable blindness by 2020.This book is essential for any eye care practitioner interested in the causation or prevention of disease, and should be part of any public health discipline's library with a focus on improving eye health worldwide.

Download or read book National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Nhanes written by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-04-26 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vision examination is designed to test distance vision, measure refractive error, measure the shape of the cornea and, if applicable, measure the distance eyeglass prescription in SP's aged 12 years and older. Near vision will be tested in SPs over 50 years of age. Vision loss is common in adults and prevalence increases with advancing age. Approximately 13 percent of individuals 65 years of age or older and 28 percent of those over 85 years of age report some degree of visual impairment. In children, refractive errors are the most common vision disorders, occurring in 20 percent by 16 years of age. More than 90 percent of older people require the use of corrective lenses at some time. Visual disorders in older adults frequently lead to trauma from falls, automobile crashes, and other types of unintentional injuries. Many adults are unaware of decreases in their visual acuity, and up to 25 percent may have incorrect corrective lens prescriptions.

Download or read book ORVIS written by Jennifer Marie Fromberg and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A common goal of low vision patients is to maximize their sight for reading. The Ohio Reading and Visual Impairment Study (ORVIS) examined the relationships between clinical vision measures, including reading performance, in visually impaired patients. The main goal was to evaluate predictive models for reading based on parameters collected during eye examinations. In this retrospective chart review, we evaluated examination data for 410 new patients who presented to the Low Vision Rehabilitation Service at The Ohio State University College of Optometry during a three-year period (2012 to 2015). The primary inclusion criterion was a minimum set of spatial vision data, including distance visual acuity and critical print size estimation (i.e. smallest angular print size that allows maximum reading rate). Data extracted included presenting visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, lighting preferences, estimated peak reading speed, critical print size (typically attained with the MNREAD test), and threshold print size. Descriptive statistics suggest that our patient demographics are similar to those of other large-scale low vision clinical studies. The average age of patients is 72 years, and the majority of patients are female (65%) and have age-related macular degeneration (53%). Threshold print size is on average worse (i.e. a larger angular size) than distance visual acuity by 0.077 log units, or about a factor of 1.2. In addition, both threshold print size and distance visual acuity are poor predictors of critical print size. The mean difference between critical print size and distance visual acuity is 0.273 log units, or approximately three lines, while the mean difference between critical print size and threshold print size is smaller at 0.197 log units, or approximately two lines. Regression analysis reveals that these differences diminish with poorer acuities. Furthermore, there is substantial variability in the magnitude of these differences, even for individuals with the same distance acuity or threshold print size. Calculation of 95% confidence intervals suggests that those critical print size estimates based on distance visual acuity can be approximated only within ±0.478 log units, while those based on threshold print size can be approximated only within ±0.288 log units. These results support direct measurement of critical print size with a dedicated reading assessment, rather than calculation of critical print size from a distance visual acuity or threshold acuity measurement.

Download or read book Screening for Visual Impairment in Older Adults written by Roger Chou and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BACKGROUND: Impaired visual acuity is common in older adults. Screening for impaired visual acuity in primary care settings could identify older adults who are unaware of or do not report vision problems, and lead to interventions to improve vision, function and quality of life. PURPOSE: To assess the effects of screening for impaired visual acuity in primary care settings in older (age> 65 years) adults. DATA SOURCES: We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (through 3rd Quarter 2008) and MEDLINE database (1996 - July 2008) for relevant studies and meta-analyses. We supplemented electronic searches with reviews of reference lists of relevant articles and solicited additional citations from experts. STUDY SELECTION: We selected randomized trials and controlled observational studies that directly evaluated screening for impaired visual acuity in older adults. To evaluate indirect evidence on screening, we also included studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of screening tests for impaired visual acuity used in primary care settings, and randomized trials and controlled observational studies of treatments for impaired visual acuity due to refractive errors, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration that reported clinical outcomes (visual acuity, quality of life, functional capacity, adverse events, or mortality). DATA EXTRACTION: One investigator abstracted data and a second investigator checked data abstraction for accuracy. Two investigators independently assessed study quality using methods developed by the United States Preventive Services Task Force. DATA SYNTHESIS (RESULTS): Direct evidence from three fair-quality cluster randomized trials (N=4,728) found vision screening as part of multi-component primary care intervention associated with no benefits compared to usual care, delayed screening, or no screening on visual acuity or other clinical outcomes. One randomized controlled trial found vision screening by an ophthalmologist in frail older adults associated with an increased risk of falls (relative risk 1.57, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.05) and a trend towards increased risk of fractures (relative risk 1.74, 95% CI 0.97 to 3.11). No other trial evaluated harms associated with screening, and no studies evaluated optimal screening intervals. Four studies found screening questions associated with low accuracy compared to visual acuity testing or an ophthalmologic examination for identification of vision impairment and four studies found visual acuity testing associated with low accuracy compared to an ophthalmologic examination for identification of any visual condition. Evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of the Amsler grid is limited to one study, and no studies evaluated diagnostic accuracy or utility of fundoscopic examination in primary care settings. A large population-based study found that about 60% of older adults with vision impairment could achieve visual acuity of 20/40 or better with refractive correction. Based on numerous observational studies, over 90% of patients undergoing cataract surgery achieve visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Antioxidant vitamins and minerals are more effective than placebo for reducing progression of dry age-related macular degeneration (adjusted odds ratio 0.68, 99% CI 0.49 to 0.93), though conclusions are largely influenced by results of a single, large, good-quality trial. For wet age-related macular degeneration, laser photocoagulation (relative risk 0.67 for 6+ lines visual acuity loss; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.83, five trials), photodynamic therapy (relative risk 0.22 for 3+ lines visual acuity loss, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.30, three trials), and vascular endothelin growth factor inhibitors (for 3+ lines visual acuity loss: pegaptanib [two trials] relative risk 0.71, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.84; ranibizumab [two trials] relative risk 0.21, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.27) are superior to placebo for prevention of visual acuity loss, though evidence on laser photocoagulation is limited by methodological shortcomings. Harms of commonly used interventions for uncorrected refractive error, cataract, and age-related macular degeneration appear to be substantially outweighed by benefits, though data on long-term benefits and harms of photodynamic therapy and vascular endothelin growth factor inhibitors are limited. LIMITATIONS: We excluded non-English language studies, could not evaluate for publication bias because of small numbers of trials, included previously published systematic reviews on treatments that met quality threshold criteria, and did not construct outcomes tables. CONCLUSIONS: Direct evidence is relatively limited, but shows that screening for impaired visual acuity in older adults in primary care settings is not associated with improved visual or other clinical outcomes and may be associated with unintended harms such as increased risk of falls. Effective treatments (benefits outweigh harms) are available for uncorrected refractive error, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration. The Snellen chart is the standard for screening for impaired visual acuity in primary care, but its diagnostic accuracy is difficult to assess because a clinically relevant reference standard is not established. There remains no evidence on accuracy of fundoscopic examination by primary care providers. More research is needed to understand why the direct evidence on vision screening in older adults shows no benefit, despite the availability of effective treatments for common conditions associated with impaired visual acuity.

Download or read book Screening for Visual Impairment in Older Adults Systematic Review to Update the 1996 U S Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impaired visual acuity is common in older adults. In addition to a higher incidence and prevalence of primary ocular disease and systemic diseases associated with ocular disease in older compared to younger adults, older adults also experience normal age-related changes in vision. Because symptoms may be relatively mild or progress slowly, older adults may be unaware of or underreport impaired visual acuity. Older adults may also have difficulty recognizing or reporting impaired visual acuity due to the presence of co-morbidities such as cognitive impairment. Screening for vision disorders could help identify impaired visual acuity in older adults and lead to treatments that improve quality of life or functional capacity, or prevent or slow down progression of vision loss. In 2008, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force commissioned an evidence review on screening for impaired visual acuity in older adults, in order to inform an updated USPSTF guideline. The main purpose of the evidence review is to evaluate new evidence published on screening for impaired visual acuity in older adults. Impaired visual acuity refers to decreased clarity or sharpness of vision. In addition to decreased visual acuity, vision impairment can also be associated with decreases in low light vision, color vision, binocularity, contrast sensitivity, or stereopsis, as well as visual field loss (areas in the field of view in which objects cannot be seen). Visual acuity is most commonly assessed using the Snellen eye chart, which assesses the ability of patients to recognize letters of different sizes arranged in rows from a pre-specified distance (typically 20 feet). The severity of decreased visual acuity varies. Vision impairment has been defined as visual acuity of worse than 20/40 or 20/50 but better than 20/200 (the threshold for legal blindness). In this report, we use the term “impaired visual acuity” rather than “vision impairment” because the latter term implies functional limitations. In addition, vision impairment could occur for reasons other than visual acuity loss. Visual acuity worse than 20/20 but better than 20/40 or 20/50 is thought to have minimal effects on reading ability, functional capacity, or quality of life. Although no standardized definition for “mild” impairment in visual acuity exists, some studies have used a definition of visual acuity between roughly 20/40 and 20/80.This degree of impaired visual acuity is less likely to cause major functional limitations than more severe impairment in visual acuity, and may be more apt to be identified through screening. This report focuses on impaired visual acuity associated with the following conditions: uncorrected refractive errors, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma are addressed elsewhere by the USPSTF. Screening approaches for glaucoma differ from the screening tests typically used in primary care settings for the conditions included in this report. Screening for diabetic retinopathy typically occurs in the context of care for patients with known diabetes. The KQs are: KQ1: Does vision screening in asymptomatic older adults result in improved morbidity or mortality or improved quality of life? KQ2: Are there harms of vision screening in asymptomatic older adults? KQ3: What is the accuracy of screening for early impairment in visual acuity due to uncorrected refractive error, cataracts or age-related macular degeneration? KQ4: Does treatment of early impairment in visual acuity due to uncorrected refractive error, cataracts or age-related macular degeneration lead to improved morbidity/mortality, or quality of life? KQ5: Are there harms of treating early impairment in visual acuity due to uncorrected refractive error, cataracts or age-related macular degeneration?

Download or read book The Lighthouse Handbook on Vision Impairment and Vision Rehabilitation written by Barbara Silverstone and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-04-13 with total page 1414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference source is a state-of-the-art guide to the scientific, clinical, rehabilitative, and policy aspects of vision impairment and blindness. More than 100 original contributions from physicians, therapists, rehabilitation specialists, and policy makers cover everything from the basic science of vision and its diseases to assistive technologies, treatment, and care.

Download or read book Pediatric Ophthalmology Neuro Ophthalmology Genetics written by Birgit Lorenz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-05 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 8 recurring volumes of the "Essentials in Ophthalmology" series cover the most recent developments in one of eight subspecialties in Ophthalmology. With four volumes published per year, each subspecialty is newly visited every 24 months, with a distinct focus on recent developments. By bridging the gap between original research and medical textbooks, the transfer of this developing knowledge into daily practice is greatly enhanced.

Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book National Health Examination Survey written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: