Download or read book Visible Synchronization Based Cache Coherence written by Krishna Kumar and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In large scale machines, thousands of processor cycles, in other words, missed opportunities to issue floating point instructions, may be lost while waiting for a high latency synchronization or memory operation to complete, or a stall in an instruction pipeline to be dealt with. Latency is avoided by bringing data to a nearby locale for future reference (e.g., caching) while latency is tolerated by overlapping data movement with something useful. The issue of cache coherence arises whenever there are multiple copies of a shared datum in different caches of a shared-memory multiprocessor system. It is in order to maintain consistency between these multiple copies that cache coherence protocols are employed. The efficiency of latency avoidance methods is largely dependent upon the minimization of coherence traffic in the coherence protocol used to maintain cache coherency. Cache coherence protocols in general can be divided into two classes: hardware implemented ones and compiler implemented ones. Hardware implemented ones lead to large coherence traffic, and large state storage space. Conventional compiler implemented ones involve indiscriminate wasteful invalidation. There is also redundancy between synchronization operations and coherence operations. We seek to eliminate both weaknesses, by letting visible synchronization directly coordinate changes in the writability of shared data. We propose to add scalable compiler managed caches to a TERA-like multithreaded multiprocessor architecture, with user/compiler knowledge (i.e., alias analysis, dependence analysis and user directives) used to eliminate essentially all coherence traffic. To preserve scalability, we aim to use latency tolerance methods like switch-on-every-cycle multithreading, and augment this with simple, low-latency cache coherence protocols such as our visible synchronization based one.
Download or read book Synchronization in Timestamp based Cache Coherence Protocols written by Quan Minh Nguyen (S.M.) and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supporting computationally demanding workloads into the future requires that multiprocessor systems support hundreds or thousands of cores. A cache coherence protocol manages the memory cached by these many cores, but the storage overhead required by existing directory-based protocols to track coherence state scales poorly as the number of cores increases. The Tardis cache coherence protocol uses timestamps to avoid these scalability problems. We build a cycle-level multicore simulator that implements a version of the Tardis protocol that uses release consistency. Changing the coherence protocol, which affects what memory values a processor can observe, changes inter-processor communication and synchronization, two processes crucial to the operation of a multicore system. We construct Tardis versions of synchronization primitives and the atomic instructions they use, and compare them to their analogous implementations on a directory-based cache coherent multicore system. Simulations on several benchmarks suggest that the Tardis system performs just as well as the baseline system while preserving the ability to scale systems to hundreds or thousands of cores.
Download or read book A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence written by Daniel J. Sorin and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many modern computer systems and most multicore chips (chip multiprocessors) support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both highlevel concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. Table of Contents: Preface / Introduction to Consistency and Coherence / Coherence Basics / Memory Consistency Motivation and Sequential Consistency / Total Store Order and the x86 Memory Model / Relaxed Memory Consistency / Coherence Protocols / Snooping Coherence Protocols / Directory Coherence Protocols / Advanced Topics in Coherence / Author Biographies
Download or read book A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence Second Edition written by Vijay Nagarajan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many modern computer systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures, support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both high-level concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. This second edition reflects a decade of advancements since the first edition and includes, among other more modest changes, two new chapters: one on consistency and coherence for non-CPU accelerators (with a focus on GPUs) and one that points to formal work and tools on consistency and coherence.
Download or read book A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence written by Daniel Sorin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2011-05-10 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many modern computer systems and most multicore chips (chip multiprocessors) support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both highlevel concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. Table of Contents: Preface / Introduction to Consistency and Coherence / Coherence Basics / Memory Consistency Motivation and Sequential Consistency / Total Store Order and the x86 Memory Model / Relaxed Memory Consistency / Coherence Protocols / Snooping Coherence Protocols / Directory Coherence Protocols / Advanced Topics in Coherence / Author Biographies
Download or read book Mechanisms for Efficient Shared memory Lock based Synchronization written by Alain Kägi and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shared Memory Synchronization written by Michael Lee Scott and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zusammenfassung: This book offers a comprehensive survey of shared-memory synchronization, with an emphasis on "systems-level" issues. It includes sufficient coverage of architectural details to understand correctness and performance on modern multicore machines, and sufficient coverage of higher-level issues to understand how synchronization is embedded in modern programming languages. The primary intended audience for this book is "systems programmers"--the authors of operating systems, library packages, language run-time systems, concurrent data structures, and server and utility programs. Much of the discussion should also be of interest to application programmers who want to make good use of the synchronization mechanisms available to them, and to computer architects who want to understand the ramifications of their design decisions on systems-level code
Download or read book Update based Cache Coherence Protocols for Scalable Shared memory Multiprocessors written by Stanford University. Computer Systems Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, two hardware-controlled update-based cache coherence protocols are presented. The paper discusses the two major disadvantages of the update protocols: inefficiency of updates and the mismatch between the granularity of synchronization and the data transfer. The paper presents two enhancements to the update-based protocols, a write combining scheme and a finer grain synchronization, to overcome these disadvantages. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of these enhancements that, when used together, allow the update-based protocols to significantly improve the execution time of a set of scientific applications when compared to three invalidate-based protocols.
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Scalable Computing Technologies written by Li, Kuan-Ching and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2009-07-31 with total page 1086 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book presents, discusses, shares ideas, results and experiences on the recent important advances and future challenges on enabling technologies for achieving higher performance"--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence written by Vijay Nagarajan and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2020-02-04 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many modern computer systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures, support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both high-level concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. This second edition reflects a decade of advancements since the first edition and includes, among other more modest changes, two new chapters: one on consistency and coherence for non-CPU accelerators (with a focus on GPUs) and one that points to formal work and tools on consistency and coherence.
Download or read book Designing Memory Consistency Models for Shared memory Multiprocessors written by Sarita V. Adve and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synchronization with multiprocessor caches written by Joonwon Lee and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physically Based Rendering written by Matt Pharr and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2010-06-28 with total page 1201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated edition describes both the mathematical theory behind a modern photorealistic rendering system as well as its practical implementation. Through the ideas and software in this book, designers will learn to design and employ a full-featured rendering system for creating stunning imagery. Includes a companion site complete with source code for the rendering system described in the book, with support for Windows, OS X, and Linux.
Download or read book The Cache Coherence Problem in Shared Memory Multiprocessors written by Igor Tartalja and published by Wiley-IEEE Computer Society Press. This book was released on 1996-02-13 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book illustrates state-of-the-art software solutions for cache coherence maintenance in shared-memory multiprocessors. It begins with a brief overview of the cache coherence problem and introduces software solutions to the problem. The text defines and details static and dynamic software schemes, techniques for modeling performance evaluation mechanisms, and performance evaluation studies.
Download or read book The Impact of Cache Coherence Protocols on Systems Using Fine grain Data Synchronization written by David B. Glasco and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings 20th International Conference Parallel Processing 1991 written by Tse-yun Feng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-08-06 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Parallel Computing Technologies written by Victor Malyshkin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-08-29 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Parallel Computing Technologies, PaCT 2007, held in conjunction with the Russian-Taiwan symposium on Methods and Tools of Parallel Programming of Multicomputers. It covers models and languages, applications, techniques for parallel programming supporting, cellular automata, as well as methods and tools of parallel programming of multicomputers.
