Download or read book Virtual Fundamental Cycles in Symplectic Topology written by John W. Morgan and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2019-04-12 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The method of using the moduli space of pseudo-holomorphic curves on a symplectic manifold was introduced by Mikhail Gromov in 1985. From the appearance of Gromov's original paper until today this approach has been the most important tool in global symplectic geometry. To produce numerical invariants of these manifolds using this method requires constructing a fundamental cycle associated with moduli spaces. This volume brings together three approaches to constructing the “virtual” fundamental cycle for the moduli space of pseudo-holomorphic curves. All approaches are based on the idea of local Kuranishi charts for the moduli space. Workers in the field will get a comprehensive understanding of the details of these constructions and the assumptions under which they can be made. These techniques and results will be essential in further applications of this approach to producing invariants of symplectic manifolds.

Download or read book Kuranishi Structures and Virtual Fundamental Chains written by Kenji Fukaya and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-16 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The package of Gromov’s pseudo-holomorphic curves is a major tool in global symplectic geometry and its applications, including mirror symmetry and Hamiltonian dynamics. The Kuranishi structure was introduced by two of the authors of the present volume in the mid-1990s to apply this machinery on general symplectic manifolds without assuming any specific restrictions. It was further amplified by this book’s authors in their monograph Lagrangian Intersection Floer Theory and in many other publications of theirs and others. Answering popular demand, the authors now present the current book, in which they provide a detailed, self-contained explanation of the theory of Kuranishi structures. Part I discusses the theory on a single space equipped with Kuranishi structure, called a K-space, and its relevant basic package. First, the definition of a K-space and maps to the standard manifold are provided. Definitions are given for fiber products, differential forms, partitions of unity, and the notion of CF-perturbations on the K-space. Then, using CF-perturbations, the authors define the integration on K-space and the push-forward of differential forms, and generalize Stokes' formula and Fubini's theorem in this framework. Also, “virtual fundamental class” is defined, and its cobordism invariance is proved. Part II discusses the (compatible) system of K-spaces and the process of going from “geometry” to “homological algebra”. Thorough explanations of the extension of given perturbations on the boundary to the interior are presented. Also explained is the process of taking the “homotopy limit” needed to handle a system of infinitely many moduli spaces. Having in mind the future application of these chain level constructions beyond those already known, an axiomatic approach is taken by listing the properties of the system of the relevant moduli spaces and then a self-contained account of the construction of the associated algebraic structures is given. This axiomatic approach makes the exposition contained here independent of previously published construction of relevant structures.

Download or read book The Adams Spectral Sequence for Topological Modular Forms written by Robert R. Bruner and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2021-12-23 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The connective topological modular forms spectrum, $tmf$, is in a sense initial among elliptic spectra, and as such is an important link between the homotopy groups of spheres and modular forms. A primary goal of this volume is to give a complete account, with full proofs, of the homotopy of $tmf$ and several $tmf$-module spectra by means of the classical Adams spectral sequence, thus verifying, correcting, and extending existing approaches. In the process, folklore results are made precise and generalized. Anderson and Brown-Comenetz duality, and the corresponding dualities in homotopy groups, are carefully proved. The volume also includes an account of the homotopy groups of spheres through degree 44, with complete proofs, except that the Adams conjecture is used without proof. Also presented are modern stable proofs of classical results which are hard to extract from the literature. Tools used in this book include a multiplicative spectral sequence generalizing a construction of Davis and Mahowald, and computer software which computes the cohomology of modules over the Steenrod algebra and products therein. Techniques from commutative algebra are used to make the calculation precise and finite. The $H$-infinity ring structure of the sphere and of $tmf$ are used to determine many differentials and relations.

Download or read book Algebraic Geometry over C Rings written by Dominic Joyce and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2019-09-05 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If X is a manifold then the R-algebra C∞(X) of smooth functions c:X→R is a C∞-ring. That is, for each smooth function f:Rn→R there is an n-fold operation Φf:C∞(X)n→C∞(X) acting by Φf:(c1,…,cn)↦f(c1,…,cn), and these operations Φf satisfy many natural identities. Thus, C∞(X) actually has a far richer structure than the obvious R-algebra structure. The author explains the foundations of a version of algebraic geometry in which rings or algebras are replaced by C∞-rings. As schemes are the basic objects in algebraic geometry, the new basic objects are C∞-schemes, a category of geometric objects which generalize manifolds and whose morphisms generalize smooth maps. The author also studies quasicoherent sheaves on C∞-schemes, and C∞-stacks, in particular Deligne-Mumford C∞-stacks, a 2-category of geometric objects generalizing orbifolds. Many of these ideas are not new: C∞-rings and C∞ -schemes have long been part of synthetic differential geometry. But the author develops them in new directions. In earlier publications, the author used these tools to define d-manifolds and d-orbifolds, “derived” versions of manifolds and orbifolds related to Spivak's “derived manifolds”.

Download or read book Sampling in Combinatorial and Geometric Set Systems written by Nabil H. Mustafa and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2022-01-14 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the behavior of basic sampling techniques and intrinsic geometric attributes of data is an invaluable skill that is in high demand for both graduate students and researchers in mathematics, machine learning, and theoretical computer science. The last ten years have seen significant progress in this area, with many open problems having been resolved during this time. These include optimal lower bounds for epsilon-nets for many geometric set systems, the use of shallow-cell complexity to unify proofs, simpler and more efficient algorithms, and the use of epsilon-approximations for construction of coresets, to name a few. This book presents a thorough treatment of these probabilistic, combinatorial, and geometric methods, as well as their combinatorial and algorithmic applications. It also revisits classical results, but with new and more elegant proofs. While mathematical maturity will certainly help in appreciating the ideas presented here, only a basic familiarity with discrete mathematics, probability, and combinatorics is required to understand the material.

Download or read book Amenability of Discrete Groups by Examples written by Kate Juschenko and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2022-06-30 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main topic of the book is amenable groups, i.e., groups on which there exist invariant finitely additive measures. It was discovered that the existence or non-existence of amenability is responsible for many interesting phenomena such as, e.g., the Banach-Tarski Paradox about breaking a sphere into two spheres of the same radius. Since then, amenability has been actively studied and a number of different approaches resulted in many examples of amenable and non-amenable groups. In the book, the author puts together main approaches to study amenability. A novel feature of the book is that the exposition of the material starts with examples which introduce a method rather than illustrating it. This allows the reader to quickly move on to meaningful material without learning and remembering a lot of additional definitions and preparatory results; those are presented after analyzing the main examples. The techniques that are used for proving amenability in this book are mainly a combination of analytic and probabilistic tools with geometric group theory.

Download or read book Asymptotic Geometric Analysis Part II written by Shiri Artstein-Avidan and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2021-12-13 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a continuation of Asymptotic Geometric Analysis, Part I, which was published as volume 202 in this series. Asymptotic geometric analysis studies properties of geometric objects, such as normed spaces, convex bodies, or convex functions, when the dimensions of these objects increase to infinity. The asymptotic approach reveals many very novel phenomena which influence other fields in mathematics, especially where a large data set is of main concern, or a number of parameters which becomes uncontrollably large. One of the important features of this new theory is in developing tools which allow studying high parametric families. Among the topics covered in the book are measure concentration, isoperimetric constants of log-concave measures, thin-shell estimates, stochastic localization, the geometry of Gaussian measures, volume inequalities for convex bodies, local theory of Banach spaces, type and cotype, the Banach-Mazur compactum, symmetrizations, restricted invertibility, and functional versions of geometric notions and inequalities.

Download or read book Hopf Algebras and Galois Module Theory written by Lindsay N. Childs and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2021-11-10 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hopf algebras have been shown to play a natural role in studying questions of integral module structure in extensions of local or global fields. This book surveys the state of the art in Hopf-Galois theory and Hopf-Galois module theory and can be viewed as a sequel to the first author's book, Taming Wild Extensions: Hopf Algebras and Local Galois Module Theory, which was published in 2000. The book is divided into two parts. Part I is more algebraic and focuses on Hopf-Galois structures on Galois field extensions, as well as the connection between this topic and the theory of skew braces. Part II is more number theoretical and studies the application of Hopf algebras to questions of integral module structure in extensions of local or global fields. Graduate students and researchers with a general background in graduate-level algebra, algebraic number theory, and some familiarity with Hopf algebras will appreciate the overview of the current state of this exciting area and the suggestions for numerous avenues for further research and investigation.

Download or read book Maximal Cohen Macaulay Modules and Tate Cohomology written by Ragnar-Olaf Buchweitz and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2021-12-16 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a lightly edited version of the unpublished manuscript Maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules and Tate cohomology over Gorenstein rings by Ragnar-Olaf Buchweitz. The central objects of study are maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules over (not necessarily commutative) Gorenstein rings. The main result is that the stable category of maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules over a Gorenstein ring is equivalent to the stable derived category and also to the homotopy category of acyclic complexes of projective modules. This assimilates and significantly extends earlier work of Eisenbud on hypersurface singularities. There is also an extensive discussion of duality phenomena in stable derived categories, extending Tate duality on cohomology of finite groups. Another noteworthy aspect is an extension of the classical BGG correspondence to super-algebras. There are numerous examples that illustrate these ideas. The text includes a survey of developments subsequent to, and connected with, Buchweitz's manuscript.

Download or read book Completion Problems on Operator Matrices written by Dragana S. Cvetković Ilić and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2022-06-07 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completion problems for operator matrices are concerned with the question of whether a partially specified operator matrix can be completed to form an operator of a desired type. The research devoted to this topic provides an excellent means to investigate the structure of operators. This book provides an overview of completion problems dealing with completions to different types of operators and can be considered as a natural extension of classical results concerned with matrix completions. The book assumes some basic familiarity with functional analysis and operator theory. It will be useful for graduate students and researchers interested in operator theory and the problem of matrix completions.

Download or read book Diagrammatic Algebra written by J. Scott Carter and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2021-12-15 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to techniques and results in diagrammatic algebra. It starts with abstract tensors and their categorifications, presents diagrammatic methods for studying Frobenius and Hopf algebras, and discusses their relations with topological quantum field theory and knot theory. The text is replete with figures, diagrams, and suggestive typography that allows the reader a glimpse into many higher dimensional processes. The penultimate chapter summarizes the previous material by demonstrating how to braid 3- and 4- dimensional manifolds into 5- and 6-dimensional spaces. The book is accessible to post-qualifier graduate students, and will also be of interest to algebraists, topologists and algebraic topologists who would like to incorporate diagrammatic techniques into their research.

Download or read book Ridge Functions and Applications in Neural Networks written by Vugar E. Ismailov and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2021-12-17 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have witnessed a growth of interest in the special functions called ridge functions. These functions appear in various fields and under various guises. They appear in partial differential equations (where they are called plane waves), in computerized tomography, and in statistics. Ridge functions are also the underpinnings of many central models in neural network theory. In this book various approximation theoretic properties of ridge functions are described. This book also describes properties of generalized ridge functions, and their relation to linear superpositions and Kolmogorov's famous superposition theorem. In the final part of the book, a single and two hidden layer neural networks are discussed. The results obtained in this part are based on properties of ordinary and generalized ridge functions. Novel aspects of the universal approximation property of feedforward neural networks are revealed. This book will be of interest to advanced graduate students and researchers working in functional analysis, approximation theory, and the theory of real functions, and will be of particular interest to those wishing to learn more about neural network theory and applications and other areas where ridge functions are used.

Download or read book Attractors Under Autonomous and Non autonomous Perturbations written by Matheus C. Bortolan and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive study of how attractors behave under perturbations for both autonomous and non-autonomous problems. Furthermore, the forward asymptotics of non-autonomous dynamical systems is presented here for the first time in a unified manner. When modelling real world phenomena imprecisions are unavoidable. On the other hand, it is paramount that mathematical models reflect the modelled phenomenon, in spite of unimportant neglectable influences discounted by simplifications, small errors introduced by empirical laws or measurements, among others. The authors deal with this issue by investigating the permanence of dynamical structures and continuity properties of the attractor. This is done in both the autonomous (time independent) and non-autonomous (time dependent) framework in four distinct levels of approximation: the upper semicontinuity, lower semicontinuity, topological structural stability and geometrical structural stability. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers interested in dissipative dynamical systems and stability theory, and requires only a basic background in metric spaces, functional analysis and, for the applications, techniques of ordinary and partial differential equations.

Download or read book Ordinary Differential Operators written by Aiping Wang and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2019-11-08 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1910 Herman Weyl published one of the most widely quoted papers of the 20th century in Analysis, which initiated the study of singular Sturm-Liouville problems. The work on the foundations of Quantum Mechanics in the 1920s and 1930s, including the proof of the spectral theorem for unbounded self-adjoint operators in Hilbert space by von Neumann and Stone, provided some of the motivation for the study of differential operators in Hilbert space with particular emphasis on self-adjoint operators and their spectrum. Since then the topic developed in several directions and many results and applications have been obtained. In this monograph the authors summarize some of these directions discussing self-adjoint, symmetric, and dissipative operators in Hilbert and Symplectic Geometry spaces. Part I of the book covers the theory of differential and quasi-differential expressions and equations, existence and uniqueness of solutions, continuous and differentiable dependence on initial data, adjoint expressions, the Lagrange Identity, minimal and maximal operators, etc. In Part II characterizations of the symmetric, self-adjoint, and dissipative boundary conditions are established. In particular, the authors prove the long standing Deficiency Index Conjecture. In Part III the symmetric and self-adjoint characterizations are extended to two-interval problems. These problems have solutions which have jump discontinuities in the interior of the underlying interval. These jumps may be infinite at singular interior points. Part IV is devoted to the construction of the regular Green's function. The construction presented differs from the usual one as found, for example, in the classical book by Coddington and Levinson.

Download or read book Nonlinear Dirac Equation Spectral Stability of Solitary Waves written by Nabile Boussaïd and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph gives a comprehensive treatment of spectral (linear) stability of weakly relativistic solitary waves in the nonlinear Dirac equation. It turns out that the instability is not an intrinsic property of the Dirac equation that is only resolved in the framework of the second quantization with the Dirac sea hypothesis. Whereas general results about the Dirac-Maxwell and similar equations are not yet available, we can consider the Dirac equation with scalar self-interaction, the model first introduced in 1938. In this book we show that in particular cases solitary waves in this model may be spectrally stable (no linear instability). This result is the first step towards proving asymptotic stability of solitary waves. The book presents the necessary overview of the functional analysis, spectral theory, and the existence and linear stability of solitary waves of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. It also presents the necessary tools such as the limiting absorption principle and the Carleman estimates in the form applicable to the Dirac operator, and proves the general form of the Dirac-Pauli theorem. All of these results are used to prove the spectral stability of weakly relativistic solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear Dirac equation.

Download or read book Jordan Triple Systems in Complex and Functional Analysis written by José M. Isidro and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2019-12-09 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a systematic account of the impressive developments in the theory of symmetric manifolds achieved over the past 50 years. It contains detailed and friendly, but rigorous, proofs of the key results in the theory. Milestones are the study of the group of holomomorphic automorphisms of bounded domains in a complex Banach space (Vigué and Upmeier in the late 1970s), Kaup's theorem on the equivalence of the categories of symmetric Banach manifolds and that of hermitian Jordan triple systems, and the culminating point in the process: the Riemann mapping theorem for complex Banach spaces (Kaup, 1982). This led to the introduction of wide classes of Banach spaces known as JB∗-triples and JBW∗-triples whose geometry has been thoroughly studied by several outstanding mathematicians in the late 1980s. The book presents a good example of fruitful interaction between different branches of mathematics, making it attractive for mathematicians interested in various fields such as algebra, differential geometry and, of course, complex and functional analysis.

Download or read book Geometric Set Theory written by Paul B. Larson and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces a new research direction in set theory: the study of models of set theory with respect to their extensional overlap or disagreement. In Part I, the method is applied to isolate new distinctions between Borel equivalence relations. Part II contains applications to independence results in Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory without Axiom of Choice. The method makes it possible to classify in great detail various paradoxical objects obtained using the Axiom of Choice; the classifying criterion is a ZF-provable implication between the existence of such objects. The book considers a broad spectrum of objects from analysis, algebra, and combinatorics: ultrafilters, Hamel bases, transcendence bases, colorings of Borel graphs, discontinuous homomorphisms between Polish groups, and many more. The topic is nearly inexhaustible in its variety, and many directions invite further investigation.