Download or read book Viral Interactions with the Nucleus written by Erin Joanne Walker and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-08-16 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viruses cause numerous medically important diseases, affecting developing, developed, rich and poor alike. The diseases vary in severity, including chickenpox, smallpox, influenza, shingles, herpes, rabies, polio, Ebola, hanta fever, AIDS and the common cold, amongst others. Regardless of the type of tissue or organ affected, all viruses follow the same basic steps to infect host cells. Once in contact with host cells viruses release their genetic material into the cell followed by genome replication, production of viral proteins, assembly of the virus particle and egress from the infected cell. Viruses disrupt normal host cell processes in order to facilitate their own replication/assembly by re-directing cellular machinery for viral transcription, translation, assembly, release and by inhibiting antiviral responses. Regulated nuclear transport of macromolecules through the nuclear pore complex, the only means of transport across the nuclear membrane, is essential for normal cell function and an effective antiviral response. Many viruses disrupt or exploit the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking pathways in host cells. Cytoplasmic viruses exploit the host cell nucleocytoplasmic trafficking machinery to access nuclear functions and/or disrupt nuclear transport, while several DNA viruses use the trafficking pathways to enable export of their components into the cytoplasm; yet others complete their assembly within the nucleus and use nuclear export pathways to access the cytoplasm. Indeed, the many and varied interactions of viruses and viral proteins with nucleocytoplasmic trafficking components have been invaluable in pathway discovery. Importantly, mounting evidence suggests that these interactions play essential roles in virus replication/assembly and hence may be key to understanding pathophysiology of viral diseases. This Frontiers Research Topic is dedicated to the importance of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking to viral pathogenesis.
Download or read book Viruses and the Nucleus written by Julian A. Hiscox and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-06-30 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a global overview of viral (DNA, retro and RNA) interactions with the nucleus and its components. Including contributions from aleading experts in their fields, this is designed to be a definitive text on viral interactions with the nucleus. The book presents a gallery of microscopic images to illustrate the diversity of viral nuclear interactions in full color.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Viral Interactions with Host RNA Decay Pathways written by J. Robert Hogg and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-10 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Viral Interactions with Host RNA Decay Pathways" that was published in Viruses
Download or read book Essential Human Virology written by Jennifer Louten and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-05-28 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential Human Virology, Second Edition focuses on the structure and classification of viruses, virus transmission and virus replication strategies based upon type of viral nucleic acid. Several chapters focus on notable and recognizable viruses and the diseases caused by them, including influenza, HIV, hepatitis viruses, poliovirus, herpesviruses and emerging and dangerous viruses. Additionally, how viruses cause disease (pathogenesis) is highlighted, along with discussions on immune response to viruses, vaccines, anti-viral drugs, gene therapy, the beneficial uses of viruses, research laboratory assays and viral diagnosis assays. Fully revised and updated with new chapters on coronaviruses, nonliving infectious agents, and notable non-human viruses, the book provides students with a solid foundation in virology. Focuses on human diseases and the cellular pathology that viruses cause Highlights current and cutting-edge technology and associated issues Presents real case studies and current news highlights in each chapter Features dynamic illustrations, chapter assessment questions, key terms, and a summary of concepts, as well as an instructor website with lecture slides, a test bank and recommended activities Updated and revised, with new chapters on coronaviruses, nonliving infectious agents, and notable non-human viruses
Download or read book Nucleocytoplasmic Transport written by Reiner Peters and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Membrane Trafficking in Viral Replication written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-10-05 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viruses are major pathogens in humans, and in the organisms with which we share this planet. The massive health and economic burden these agents impose has spurred a huge research effort to understand their most intimate details. One outcome of this effort has been the production, in many but certainly not all cases, of effective vaccines and therapies. - other consequence has been the realization that we can exploit viruses and put them to work on our behalf. Viruses are still seen to have the most - tential as vehicles for gene delivery and other therapeutic applications. However, their ability to exploit cellular functions to their own ends makes viruses not only highly effective pathogens but also exquisite experimental tools. Work with viruses underpins much of our current understanding of molecular cell biology and related fields. For membrane traffic in parti- lar, viruses have been crucial in providing insights into key cellular fu- tions and the molecular mechanisms underlying these events.
Download or read book How Does the Virus Move Within a Cell written by Avni Choksi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Models of viral infection at the cellular level have been simulated in terms of the viral dynamics between cells. There are few current models that simulate and describe the interactions of the viral infection within the cell, explicitly the transportation of viruses in the cell to the nucleus for viral replication. The goal of the model is to simulate the ability of a virus to travel from the membrane, to the nucleus and back. Also, to identify which cellular determinants are important for viral transportation. I created a 2D stochastic agent based model of a single cell in which every entity is a virus. The cellular components modeled in my simulation are the nucleus and a network of microtubules which is connect to the microtubule-organizing center(MTOC), each of which allowed movement only in one direction (from viral entry to the nucleus and to the other side of the cell). Depending on the geographical position in the cell, each virus can move, degrade or if adjacent to the microtubule, either latch on or unbind. Viruses could only proliferate in the nucleus. I hypothesized that using only simple diffusion in the cytoplasm; viruses would take a longer time to reach the nucleus and be unable to properly proliferate. Rates of diffusion in the cytoplasm, movement along the microtubules, proliferation, and degradation were based on studies of adeno-associated virus (AAV). I altered the level of infection (number of viruses that pass the membrane), the initial viral location inside the cell membrane, the density of microtubules and the location of the MTOC. I found that without microtubules, viruses effectively reach the nucleus at a slower time than with microtubules. Furthermore, without microtubules viruses reach the nucleus at all at a lesser probability. The model with microtubules, nearly 100% of simulations resulted in at least one virus reaching the nucleus, while viruses reached the nucleus only ~ %30 of simulations without microtubules. In all instances the ability to infect goes up with viral load and microtubule density. The speed of viruses leaving the cell from the nucleus is also enhanced and is ~3-5 times faster with microtubules than without them. Two confusing findings were also discovered- (1) the numbers of viruses that reached the nucleus in microtubule cells was low and only at the start of the simulation. (2) In all cases, hardly any viruses proliferated, the simulations ended with total virus death. I believe these are the results of artifacts in my model that will be addressed in future work as well as address the for (1) microtubules to direct viruses in both directions (i.e. viruses to move back and forth around the nucleus); (2) simulations with different levels of permeability in the nucleus that will ensure viruses remain there and proliferate. However, my currant findings show clearly that an important limiting state of successful infection is the movement within the cell and the ability of the virus to utilize the microtubules to do so. Potentially, the issue of transport holds more importance than entering the cell for successful viral infection suggesting a new avenue for viral therapies focused on inhibiting the viral attachment to microtubules.
Download or read book Fields Virology Emerging Viruses written by Peter M. Howley and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2020-02-11 with total page 2597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in four convenient volumes, Field’s Virology remains the most authoritative reference in this fast-changing field, providing definitive coverage of virology, including virus biology as well as replication and medical aspects of specific virus families. This volume of Field’s Virology: Emerging Viruses, 7th Edition covers recent changes in emerging viruses, providing new or extensively revised chapters that reflect these advances in this dynamic field.
Download or read book Structure and Physics of Viruses written by Mauricio G. Mateu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-04 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contemplates the structure, dynamics and physics of virus particles: From the moment they come into existence by self-assembly from viral components produced in the infected cell, through their extracellular stage, until they recognise and infect a new host cell and cease to exist by losing their physical integrity to start a new infectious cycle. (Bio)physical techniques used to study the structure of virus particles and components, and some applications of structure-based studies of viruses are also contemplated. This book is aimed first at M.Sc. students, Ph.D. students and postdoctoral researchers with a university degree in biology, chemistry, physics or related scientific disciplines who share an interest or are actually working on viruses. We have aimed also at providing an updated account of many important concepts, techniques, studies and applications in structural and physical virology for established scientists working on viruses, irrespective of their physical, chemical or biological background and their field of expertise. We have not attempted to provide a collection of for-experts-only reviews focused mainly on the latest research in specific topics; we have not generally assumed that the reader knows all of the jargon and all but the most recent and advanced results in each topic dealt with in this book. In short, we have attempted to write a book basic enough to be useful to M.Sc and Ph.D. students, as well as advanced and current enough to be useful to senior scientists with an interest in Structural and/or Physical Virology.
Download or read book Molecular Virology of Human Pathogenic Viruses written by Wang-Shick Ryu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-03-30 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Virology of Human Pathogenic Viruses presents robust coverage of the key principles of molecular virology while emphasizing virus family structure and providing key context points for topical advances in the field. The book is organized in a logical manner to aid in student discoverability and comprehension and is based on the author’s more than 20 years of teaching experience. Each chapter will describe the viral life cycle covering the order of classification, virion and genome structure, viral proteins, life cycle, and the effect on host and an emphasis on virus-host interaction is conveyed throughout the text. Molecular Virology of Human Pathogenic Viruses provides essential information for students and professionals in virology, molecular biology, microbiology, infectious disease, and immunology and contains outstanding features such as study questions and recommended journal articles with perspectives at the end of each chapter to assist students with scientific inquiries and in reading primary literature. Presents viruses within their family structure Contains recommended journal articles with perspectives to put primary literature in context Includes integrated recommended reading references within each chapter Provides access to online ancillary package inclusive of annotated PowerPoint images, instructor’s manual, study guide, and test bank
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Download or read book Cell Organelle Exploitation by Viruses During Infection written by Parikshit Bagchi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-06-28 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Receptors written by Mostafa Z. Badr and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear receptors are ligand activated transcription factors that control numerous biological functions. Consequently, altering activity of these receptors is proposed, and indeed documented, to affect many physiological and pathological conditions in experimental animals and humans. Thus, nuclear receptors have become a major target in the effort to treat numerous diseases. This book will shed light on and emphasize intricate processes involved in designing as well as discovering physiological and pharmacological modulators of these important proteins. World-renowned scientists will share with the reader their professional expertise and extensive experience acquired through decades working with nuclear receptors. Chapters address the various means and consequences of modulating nuclear receptor activity will be presented and discussed. These modulators cover a wide span of moieties ranging from synthetic chemicals to natural products. In addition, the classification of these chemicals ranges from pan agonists to selective agonists and inverse agonists to antagonists. They also include proteolytic means to obliterate the receptor in the event that modulating its activity through canonical pharmacological agents becomes less effective and/or less desirable due to anticipated or experienced toxicities. Modulation of receptor activity may also take place in the absence of a ligand or through manipulating the structure of the receptor itself by controlling posttranslational events.
Download or read book Scanning Electron Microscopy for the Life Sciences written by Heide Schatten and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to modern scanning electron microscopy instrumentation, methodology and techniques, highlighting novel applications to cell and molecular biology.
Download or read book DNA Virus Replication written by Alan Cann and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2000 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA viruses have always been the most important model systems for eukaryotic DNA replication. This volume concentrates on the theme of protein-protein interactions in DNA virus replication.
Download or read book Interactions Between Pathogenic Viral Types and Their Host Cells written by W. Schafer and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report states that virus types which contain the same type of nucleic acid can themselves be synthesized in the host cell and can affect its metabolism in many different ways. Whereas in KP-virus the synthesis of virus- RNA occurs in the cell nucleus, in ME-virus as well as in NDV, which in several respects resembles KP-virus, synthesis apparently occurs in the cytoplasm. Also, whereas there is an immediate, drastic, reduction of normal RNA- and protein- metabolism with ME-virus, these are disturbed relatively little in the most important phase of the proliferation cycle in both myxoviruses.
