Download or read book Vietnam New Pathway of an Economy written by Dinh Luong Nguyen and published by Afnil. This book was released on 2022-01-29 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was the Autumn of 1989, the season when socialist countries prepared to negotiate for the 1991-1995 five-year trade agreement. To prepare in advance, I went ahead to Moscow and met a close friend who studied with me at the Moscow Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), and who by then was the Deputy Finance Minister of the Soviet Union. "Luong, let's talk as friends", he said. "You'd better give up the mindset of asking for aid. You must stand tall and get rich like other people. The Soviet Union has many difficulties and is about to fall apart. There is absolutely nothing to give." I sat still, with a bitter taste in my mouth. I took a sip of black tea that was still hot and almost burned my throat. In the mid-80s of the last century, the Soviet Union's economic aid to Vietnam totalled about 1 billion rubles per year. "Everything will be taken care of by the Soviet Union" had become a catchphrase. No one could imagine what it would be like if aid was suddenly cut off. In the early autumn of 2000, 11 years later, I was in the Oval Office at the White House, shaking hands with US President Bill Clinton after the Vietnam-US Bilateral Trade Agreement was signed. What happened during those 11 years? The Soviet Union collapsed as my friend, the Deputy Finance Minister, had warned. Aid dried up. The market of socialist block disappeared. Due to the long-term embargo, Vietnam faced difficulties from all directions. In 1995, the turning point: the normalisation of relations with the US and then Vietnam joined ASEAN. EU countries, Japan, Korea and others started to do business with Vietnam. And in 2000, Vietnam signed a bilateral trade agreement (BTA) with the US. The BTA negotiations, which took place between 1995 and 2000, did not only complete the "normalisation" process but also opened the door for Vietnam to join the WTO and integrate into the global economy. If the declaration of the normalisation of relations between the two countries in 1995 helped the US and Vietnam put behind their hostility, the BTA indeed brought the two countries together in a mutually beneficial partnership. Signing the BTA with the US, and subsequently joining the WTO, did not only give Vietnam access to many new markets, but also accelerated drastic and far-reaching changes in our legal system, economy, and entire society. It was an emergency turnaround, one that brought Vietnam out of a historic dilemma. The signing of the BTA was also a difficult and arduous step. A step that took nearly 5 years to complete, with dozens of rounds of negotiations, thousands of pages of text written and rewritten. It was one step, but with a full range of emotion - from hesitation and hope to disappointment and determination to reach the destination. The book - comprising my writings and writings by the former US Chief of Staff Joseph Damond, comments from Former US President Bill Clinton and Former Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Manh Cam, interviews with me, Mr. Damond and others - recounts the difficult and lengthy negotiations, the troubles of a Vietnam that was transforming its economy, the doubts from the two former enemies who held many grudges, the clever tricks and tactics of the negotiators who ended up "walking the wire" for five years, and all the disappointing moments right through to the very end that was happy just like a dream. This book contains macro assessments about the new generation of free trade agreements and the trend of economic integration in the new context, as well as many interesting, seemingly small behind-the-scene details that nevertheless could have influenced the course of history.
Download or read book Development in Vietnam written by Vu Tuan Anh and published by Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. This book was released on 1994 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vietnam's economy has been fundamentally changed by the policy reforms implemented in the 1980s to provide an environment that is more conducive for economic growth and social stabilization. The policy reforms have had a tremendous impact on economic activities and on all aspects of social life. The economy is presently moving from a centrally planned system largely based on public ownership to a market-oriented and mixed economy. Social structures and values have changed, and legal, institutional, and administrative systems are gradually changing as well. The reform process gives rise to exciting challenges and opportunities for development. Based largely on Vietnamese sources of data and information, this book presents an analysis of the main features of economic policy reforms in Vietnam, their socioeconomic impact, and several major theoretical and practical problems Vietnam faces on its path to development.
Download or read book Vietnam at a Crossroads written by Claire Hollweg and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vietnam is at a crossroads. It can grow as an export platform for GVCs, specializing in low value-added assembly functions with industrialization occurring in enclaves with little connection to the broader economy or society; or it can leverage the current wave of growth, enabled and accelerated by its successful participation in GVCs, to diversify and move up the chain into higher value-added functions. Success will require Vietnam’s policymakers to view the processes of development differently, and to take new realities of the global economy more fully into account. The purpose of this volume is to support Vietnam’s path to economic prosperity by identifying policies and targeted interventions that will drive development through leveraging GVC participation that take major shifts in trade policy and rapid technological advances in ICT into account. The volume is based on a compilation of studies completed by World Bank staff and external consultants in 2015 supporting the “Enabling Economic Modernization and Private Sector Development†? chapter of the Vietnam 2035 report. The objective of these studies was to diagnose Vietnam’s current participation in GVCs, visualize where Vietnam could be by 2035 in the context of a changing global environment, and identify the policy actions needed to get there. The studies also supported topics related more broadly to export competitiveness, including firm-level productivity, services, and connectivity. It then identifies targeted strategies and policy interventions that will help overcome challenges, minimize risks, and maximize opportunities. Readers will gain a strong understanding of Vietnam’s current and potential engagement with GVCs—and will learn about strategic GVC policy tools that can help developing countries achieve economic prosperity in the context of compressed development.
Download or read book From Plan To Market written by Adam Fforde and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-13 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This clear and accessible text explores Vietnam's successful transition from neo-Stalinist central planning to a market economy—\"Vietnamese style.\" After describing the north Vietnamese system prior to 1975 and its colonial and precolonial antecedents, the authors uncover the mechanisms of that changeover. They contend that the Vietnamese transition was largely bottom-up in character and that it evolved over a long enough period for the country's political economy to adjust. This explains in part the rapid shift to a high-growth, externally oriented development path in the early 1990s, despite the loss of Soviet aid and the lack of significant Western substitutes until 1992-1993. Based upon extensive incountry experience, a wealth of primary materials, and wide comparative knowledge of development issues, the book challenges many preconceived notions, both about Vietnam and about the general nature of transition processes.
Download or read book Vietnam 2035 written by World Bank Group;Ministry of Planning and Investment of Vietnam and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-11-07 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirty years of Ä?ổi Má»›i (economic renovation) reforms have catapulted Vietnam from the ranks of the world’s poorest countries to one of its great development success stories. Critical ingredients have been visionary leaders, a sense of shared societal purpose, and a focus on the future. Starting in the late 1980s, these elements were successfully fused with the embrace of markets and the global economy. Economic growth since then has been rapid, stable, and inclusive, translating into strong welfare gains for the vast majority of the population. But three decades of success from reforms raises expectations for the future, as aptly captured in the Vietnamese constitution, which sets the goal of “a prosperous people and a strong, democratic, equitable, and civilized country.†? There is a firm aspiration that by 2035, Vietnam will be a modern and industrialized nation moving toward becoming a prosperous, creative, equitable, and democratic society. The Vietnam 2035 report, a joint undertaking of the Government of Vietnam and the World Bank Group, seeks to better comprehend the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. It shows that the country’s aspirations and the supporting policy and institutional agenda stand on three pillars: balancing economic prosperity with environmental sustainability; promoting equity and social inclusion to develop a harmonious middle- class society; and enhancing the capacity and accountability of the state to establish a rule of law state and a democratic society. Vietnam 2035 further argues that the rapid growth needed to achieve the bold aspirations will be sustained only if it stands on faster productivity growth and reflects the costs of environmental degradation. Productivity growth, in turn, will benefit from measures to enhance the competitiveness of domestic enterprises, scale up the benefits of urban agglomeration, and build national technological and innovative capacity. Maintaining the record on equity and social inclusion will require lifting marginalized groups and delivering services to an aging and urbanizing middle-class society. And to fulfill the country’s aspirations, the institutions of governance will need to become modern, transparent, and fully rooted in the rule of law.
Download or read book Vietnam s Reforms and Economic Growth written by C. Harvie and published by Springer. This book was released on 1997-09-30 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vietnam's bold economic reforms initiated under the title of Doi Moi in 1986 have produced spectacular economic outcomes which have fascinated economists, business people, commerce students, political scientists and government advisors alike worldwide. This book surveys important aspects of these developments, analyses the main contributing factors, provides useful references on developing and transitional economies, and details soundly researched prospects in trade, investment and business in this new rapidly developing market economy in East Asia.
Download or read book Light Manufacturing in Vietnam written by Hinh T. Dinh and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-01-29 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light Manufacturing in Vietnam makes the case that, if the country is to continue along a rapid economic growth path and create jobs, it must undertake a structural transformation that can lift workers from low-productivity agriculture and the mere assembly of imported inputs to higher-productivity activities. Vietnam needs to address fundamental issues in the manufacturing sector that, until now, have been masked by economic growth. The book shows that there is a dichotomy between domestic enterprises and enterprises supported by foreign direct investment. The dominant state-owned enterprises and foreign-invested firms are often not integrated with smaller, domestic firms through backward or forward links in the use of domestically produced inputs or intermediate products. Growth in the domestic light manufacturing sector has arisen from the sheer number of micro and small enterprises rather than from expansion in the number of medium and large firms. As a consequence, final products have little value added; technology and expertise are not shared; and the economy has failed to move up the structural transformation ladder. This structure of production is one of the reasons Vietnam's rapid process of industrialization over the last three decades has not been accompanied by a favorable trade balance. Policy measures to address problems in competitiveness in Vietnam must confront the dual structure of the light manufacturing sector, while raising the value added in the industry. To that end, measures must be taken to nurture the expansion of small domestic firms, while helping these firms to achieve greater productivity through trade integration. This will require improvements in labor skills and technology and in the quality and variety of products able to compete with imports. Policies to reduce the role of the state-owned sector, promote trading companies, encourage clustering and subcontracting, and raise foreign and social networking are important in this respect. To boost the value added of its goods, Vietnam needs to integrate the supply chain in assembly activities by investing in the upstream production of the goods in which it has a comparative advantage in production and in which it has already established a market share, such as agribusiness, garments, and wood. Unlike downstream activities, however, the production of the associated raw materials and intermediate goods is capital intensive and technology driven, and it requires skilled labor. Inviting foreign direct investment into these areas and reforming education and vocational systems are the best means to reach this goal. For this reason, the government should launch a complete review of the incentives for foreign direct investment to focus on upstream production and on bringing in capital and technical expertise, while improving labor and entrepreneurial skills. Based on this analysis, Light Manufacturing in Vietnam proposes concrete policy measures to increase employment and spur job creation by addressing sector-specific constraints. The book presents a set of practical recommendations for policy makers to identify, prioritize, and remove the most serious constraints in each sector. This book will be valuable for policy makers, entrepreneurs, workers, professional economists, and anyone interested in economic development, industrialization, and the structural transformation of Vietnam and of developing countries.
Download or read book Economic Reform in Vietnam written by Keith Griffin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-20 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vietnam, along with China, stands out as a rare success story among transition economics. This authoritative study of the reform process since 1989 pays particular attention to the way the macroeconomics framework can contribute to an environment that encourages human development and helps to reduce poverty. Thus there are chapters on macroeconomics reforms, international trade policies, the role of the state, rural development, education and health, environmental issues and poverty and gender inequality. Although areas of weakness are indicated, emphasis is placed on the success Vietnam has experienced compared to other transition economies. The lessons of both the successes and failures of the reform process for policymakers elsewhere are outlined.
Download or read book Economic Transition in Vietnam written by Melanie Beresford and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2000-12-20 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The authors show how development of non-plan trading relations was based on supplies of scarce, aid-subsidised goods which provided the means for local authorities, enterprises and individuals to convert their positions of political and social power into capital. They further highlight the ways in which new, market-oriented trade relations emerged in symbiosis with the planning system and continue to influence the economic structure and institutions today. Economic Transition in Vietnam outlines the many problems currently facing Vietnam, not least how new global forms of integration are affecting future development."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Vietnam written by Thaveeporn Vasavakul and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-07 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a study of Vietnam's socialist transition and state transformation, generally known as đổi mới. It examines the drivers of socialist-regime change, the nature of the đổi mới state, and the basis of regime legitimacy in Vietnam. The Element argues that despite its 'one-party rule' label, the party-state apparatus that channels said rule has become fragmented. State-building during the đổi mới period involved negotiations and bargaining that redefine authority and power relations within the state apparatus. The party-state's accountability projects are designed to target the specific self-aggrandizing tendencies of the state apparatus, its policies, and abuse of state power. At the leadership level, patterns of resource allocation underlying the đổi mới growth model as well as the VCP's cadre rotation approach have accommodated central and sub-national state elites across sectors and levels, helping shore up the legitimacy of the đổi mới state in the eyes of the state elite. The combination of sustained economic growth, expansion of political space, accountability, and tolerance of small-scale public protests have been factors in strengthening regime-society legitimization.
Download or read book The Vietnamese Economy written by CHI DO-PHAM and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-12-05 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, written by economists of Vietnamese origin, is an extremely comprehensive collection on economic issues facing Vietnam. The spectrum of topics covered includes macroeconomics, microeconomics, international trade, agriculture, education, communication, institutional reforms, income distribution and poverty measurement.Themes include:* the
Download or read book Vietnam at a Crossroads written by Claire H. Hollweg and published by Directions in Development. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume supports Vietnam's path to economic prosperity by identifying policies and targeted interventions that will drive development through leveraging GVC participation that take major shifts in trade policy and rapid technological advances in ICT into account
Download or read book Vietnam s Development Strategies written by Pietro Masina and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-09-27 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking a developmental approach, this book critically reviews Vietnam's reform process and shows how the country’s reform agenda is still dominated by a ‘developmental orthodoxy’ inspired by a post-Washington consensus. The author argues that a wider debate is needed in order to give national policy makers the full spectrum of alternatives to support well-informed policy decisions. In particular, the book indicates that two issues central for any analysis of the Vietnamese development reform process are substantially underdeveloped in the current scientific debate: the experience of the East Asian developmental state and the question of socialism. Presenting a way of thinking about Vietnam that goes beyond the orthodox, the book sets out the various paradigms through which the Vietnamese economy can be analyzed. This is a welcome addition to the literature and will appeal to both practitioners working in the field and the academic community in Southeast Asian studies, economics and development.
Download or read book Digital Vietnam written by World Bank and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report reviews the recent developments in the Vietnamese economy and discusses the economy's short- to medium-term prospects, highlighting domestic and external risks associated to the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic. A special emphasis is on what Vietnam needs to do to realize its objective of becoming one of the most advanced digital economies in the world while maximizing the benefits from this transformation.
Download or read book The Vietnamese Economy and Its Transformation to an Open Market System written by William T. Alpert and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-03 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These previously unpublished papers by leading American and Vietnamese economists analyze the dramatic transformation of Vietnam's economy during the 1990s and its prospects for the future. The three main sections of the book discuss Vietnam's turbulent history, recent economic reforms, and the country's emerging role in the world economy and geopolitics. The contributors examine a myriad of issues, including specific reforms in agriculture, banking, and tax policy, as well as the attempts to create a business-oriented legal infrastructure, the development of foreign trade and a viable balance of payments, and U.S. policy reactions to Vietnam's rapid development in the last decade.
Download or read book Trade Liberalisation and Poverty written by Minh Son Le and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-11 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book uses Alan Winters’ analytical framework to investigate the effects of trade liberalisation on economic growth and poverty in Vietnam. The country launched a programme of economic and trade reforms, known as Doi Moi, in the mid-1980s which placed the economy on a transitional path from central planning to a market economy. Since then Vietnam has attained a number of remarkable achievements in terms of economic growth and poverty reduction. Although some formidable problems (such as inequality and inflation) remain, it is apparent that trade liberalisation has been associated with a big reduction in poverty. The analysis in the book focuses on the microeconomic (household) level, and there is an emphasis on tracing the effects of trade liberalisation through the four separate channels identified by Winters. Such in-depth and micro-level analyses yield new insights that support important policy lessons and recommendations for Vietnam in particular and, more generally, for similar developing countries.
Download or read book Changing Political Economy of Vietnam written by Martin Gainsborough and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-08-27 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the way in which the state has become commercialised under reform as party and government officials have gone into business and considers the impact that this has had on politics within Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi. The book charts the way in which power has been decentralised to the lower levels of the party-state but argues that the central state retains significant power. These issues are explored through a variety of case studies including the implementation of different reform policies, struggles over political and business activity, and the prosecution of two major corruption cases. Particular emphasis is placed on piecing together the myriad of informal practices which dominate business and political life in Vietnam.
