Download or read book Vessel Presence and Acoustic Environment Within Southern Resident Killer Whale Orcinus Orca Critical Habitat in the Salish Sea and Swiftsure Bank Area written by Svein Vagle and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Areas of Elevated Risk for Vessel related Physical and Acoustic Impacts in Southern Resident Killer Whale Orcinus Orca Critical Habitat written by Sheila J. Thornton and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Southern Resident Killer Whales Orcinus Orca written by Deborah A. Giles and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation concerns the southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca), a genetically isolated population of fish-eating killer whales that frequent the international waters of the Salish Sea between the United States and Canada in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Research was conducted from June 1 to October 31, 2007 and from June 7 to October 31, 2008, between geographic coordinates: 48°12' to 49° N latitude by 122°43' to 123°50° W longitude. The southern resident killer whale population has experienced multiple fluctuations since population surveys were initiated by the Center for Whale Research (CWR) in the mid 1970's. In November 2005, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Northwest Regional Office listed the southern resident killer whales as an endangered distinct population segment of the species Orcinus orca under the United States Endangered Species Act (ESA). Several risk factors including reductions in the quantity and quality of prey (salmon), exposure to persistent toxins, and disturbance from vessel presence and associated noise were identified as contributing to the decline of this already small population. With the listing under the ESA, critical habitat was designated in the inland waters around the U.S. San Juan Islands, Washington State and the Canadian Gulf Islands, British Columbia, Canada. Chapter one, Managing Vessel-based Killer Whale Watching: A Critical Assessment of the Evolution from Voluntary Guidelines to Regulations in the Salish Sea, provides background on the southern resident killer whales and the robust international whale watching industry in the region. This chapter also provides a detailed history of local, state, federal and international vessel laws and guidelines for watching whales in the Salish Sea. Chapter two, Non-invasive methods to study southern resident killer whales and vessel compliance with regulations, describes a novel equipment package, consisting of a differential GPS integrated with a digital compass and laser rangefinder that allowed me to collect accurate geo-referenced locations and behavioral data on whales and vessels throughout the whale's critical habitat. To improve both the spatial and temporal data on whale-vessel interactions, the information collected with this equipment was used to assess vessel compliance with local, state and federal laws and the regionally accepted best-practices Be Whale Wise Guidelines. Chapter three, The effects of vessels on group cohesion and behavior of southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca), discusses research investigating changes in killer whale group cohesion in response to vessel density, distance and mode of operation. Future cetacean studies would benefit from using the equipment and methods presented here, especially in areas that are not conducive to land-based theodolite collected data.
Download or read book The Effects of Anthropogenic Noise on the Vocal Behavior of Southern Resident Killer Whales Orcinus Orca written by Jennifer Beissinger Tennessen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Implications of Fisheries Closures on the Soundscape in Areas Used by Southern Resident Killer Whales SRKW written by Rianna Burnham and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Fisheries management measures aim to increase fish stocks; here the potential for an additional acoustic benefit to the Endangered Southern Resident Killer Whale (SRKW, Orcinus orca) by lessening disturbance was assessed. Reductions in ambient broadband noise (10 Hz to 100 kHz) were seen generally during fisheries management actions. Recordings made by moorings in western Juan de Fuca Strait showed the greatest decreases in sound levels. For all sites the changes in the SRKW communication band (500 Hz to 15 kHz) seemed to follow seasonal patterns of wind speed, whereas the echolocation frequency range SRKW (15-100 kHz) and higher frequency sound ranges showed an increasing trend from pre- to during to post-measure periods concurrent to increased recreational vessel presence. Reductions seen in Haro Strait and Boundary Pass (~0.5 dB in median sound levels) may be attributable to the voluntary vessel slowdown in place through the summer"--Abstract, page iii.
Download or read book Southern Resident Killer Whale Orcinus Orca Summer Distribution and Habitat Use in the Southern Salish Sea and the Swiftsure Bank Area 2009 to 2020 written by Sheila J. Thornton and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Endangered and Threatened Species Designation of Critical Habitat for Southern Resident Killer Whale Us National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation Noaa 2018 Edition written by The Law Library and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Law Library presents the complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Species - Designation of Critical Habitat for Southern Resident Killer Whale (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 We, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), issue a final rule designating critical habitat for the Southern Resident killer whale (Orcinus orca) distinct population segment (DPS). Three specific areas are designated, (1) the Summer Core Area in Haro Strait and waters around the San Juan Islands; (2) Puget Sound; and (3) the Strait of Juan de Fuca, which comprise approximately 2,560 square miles (6,630 sq km) of marine habitat. We considered the economic impacts and impacts to national security, and concluded the benefits of exclusion of 18 military sites, comprising approximately 112 square miles (291 sq km), outweighed the benefits of inclusion because of national security impacts. This ebook contains: - The complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Species - Designation of Critical Habitat for Southern Resident Killer Whale (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition) - A dynamic table of content linking to each section - A table of contents in introduction presenting a general overview of the structure
Download or read book Patterns of Seasonal Occurrence of Sympatric Killer Whale Lineages in Waters Off Southern Vancouver Island and Washington State as Determined by Passive Acoustic Monitoring written by Amalis Riera and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Killer whales inhabiting coastal waters of the northeastern Pacific are listed under the Canadian Species at Risk Act, which requires the identification of critical habitats for the recovery of their populations. Little is known about their distribution during the winter and what areas are important for their survival during these months. Passive acoustic monitoring is a valuable complementary method to traditional visual and photographic surveys although it has seldom been used to study killer whales and there are limitations in practice. There is a need to develop tools and protocols to maximize the efficiency of such studies. In this thesis, long-term acoustic data collected with autonomous recorders were analyzed 1) to assess the performance of two types of analysis (Manual and Long Term Spectral Averages) for detecting and identifying killer whale calls and to compare the effects of using two different duty cycles (1/3 and 2/3); and 2) to investigate the seasonal occurrence of different killer whale populations at two sites off the west coasts of Vancouver Island and Washington: Swiftsure Bank and Cape Elizabeth. Both the use of Long Term Spectral Averages and a lower duty cycle resulted in a decrease in call detection and resolution of call identification, leading to underestimations of the amount of time the whales spent at the site. A compromise between a lower resolution data processing method and a higher duty cycle (and vice-versa) is therefore suggested for future passive acoustic monitoring studies of killer whales. Killer whale calls were detected on 186 days at Swiftsure Bank and on 39 days at Cape Elizabeth. The seasonal occurrence of killer whales at Swiftsure Bank highlights its importance as a killer whale hotspot, with year-round presence of Southern Residents and British Columbia Transients, Northern Residents in spring and fall, and California Transients on rare occasions. These results support the expansion of Southern Resident's critical habitat to include Swiftsure Bank. Temporal habitat partitioning between Resident populations was observed at Cape Elizabeth, with Southern Residents detected from January through June and Northern Residents from July to September. These results show that Northern Residents use the southern parts of their range more frequently than previously thought. Both Transient populations were frequently detected throughout the year, suggesting habitat overlapping.
Download or read book Marine Mammals and Noise written by W. John Richardson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many marine mammals communicate by emitting sounds that pass through water. Such sounds can be received across great distances and can influence the behavior of these undersea creatures. In the past few decades, the oceans have become increasingly noisy, as underwater sounds from propellers, sonars, and other human activities make it difficult for marine mammals to communicate. This book discusses, among many other topics, just how well marine mammals hear, how noisy the oceans have become, and what effects these new sounds have on marine mammals. The baseline of ambient noise, the sounds produced by machines and mammals, the sensitivity of marine mammal hearing, and the reactions of marine mammals are also examined. An essential addition to any marine biologist's library, Marine Mammals and Noise will be especially appealing to marine mammalogists, researchers, policy makers and regulators, and marine biologists and oceanographers using sound in their research.
Download or read book Sound Exposure and Southern Resident Killer Whales Orcinus Orca written by Marla M. Holt and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Vessel Noise Within the Southern Resident Killer Whale Interim Sanctuary Zones written by Marie-Noël R. Matthews and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Government of Canada, aiming to reduce SRKW exposure to underwater noise from vessels, implemented Interim Sanctuary Zones around Saturna and Pender Islands (Salish Sea) from 1 June to 31 October 2019. JASCO Applied Sciences (JASCO) performed a study to quantify vessel noise both with and without the implementation of these zones to estimate their effectiveness in reducing vessel noise levels within the zones. JASCO's cumulative noise model was applied for each zone to predict monthly averaged noise levels associated with vessel traffic conditions before and during the implementation of the sanctuary zones. The effectiveness of these zones is assessed quantitatively according to the estimated changes in noise levels. The results, which consider multiple commercial, government and recreational vessel classes, show that this mitigation approach would result in a decrease of unweighted noise levels by, on average, 0.5 (±0.4) dB within the Saturna Island Interim Sanctuary Zone and 3.0 (±1.0) dB within the Pender Island Interim Sanctuary Zone. The decrease is greater for audiogram-weighted noise levels: 2.2 (±1.1) dB and 4.6 (±1.3) dB, respectively. These results are based on an idealized level of compliance by vessels in the area, and accounts for the exemptions stated in the 2019 Interim Order"--Page iii.
Download or read book Puget Sound Whales for Sale written by Sandra Pollard and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In November 2005, Washington's iconic killer whales, known as Southern Resident orcas, were placed on the endangered species list. It was a victory long overdue for a fragile population of fewer than one hundred whales. Author and certified marine naturalist Sandra Pollard traces the story and destinies of the many Southern Resident orcas captured for commercial purposes in or near the Puget Sound between 1964 and 1976. During this time, these highly intelligent members of the dolphin family lost nearly one-third of their population. Drawing on original archive material, this important volume outlines the history of orca captivity while also recounting the harrowing struggle--and ultimate triumph--for the Puget Sound orcas' freedom.
Download or read book Identification of Habitats of Special Importance to Resident Killer Whales Orcinus Orca Off the West Coast of Canada written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of at Sea Disposal on Resident Killer Whale Orcinus Orca Critical Habitat written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine Priority Conservation Areas written by Lance Edward Morgan and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the process of identifying priority conservation areas--areas of trinational importance due to their ecological significance and threatened nature--which are in need of international cooperation for successful conservation.
Download or read book The Relationship Between Vessel Traffic and Noise Levels Received by Killer Whales and an Evaluation of Compliance with Vessel Regulations written by Juliana Houghton and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whale watching has become increasingly popular as an ecotourism activity around the globe and is beneficial for environmental education and local economies. Southern Resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) comprise an endangered population that is frequently observed by a large whale watching fleet in the inland waters of Washington state and British Columbia. One of the factors identified as a risk to recovery for the population is the effect of vessels and associated noise. Federal regulations limit the approach distance of vessels to 200 m and voluntary guidelines suggest a maximum vessel speed of 7 knots within 400 m of the whales. An examination of the effects of vessels and associated noise on whale behavior utilized novel equipment to address limitations of previous studies. Digital acoustic recording tags measured the noise levels the tagged whales received while laser positioning systems allowed collection of geo-referenced data for tagged whales and all vessels within 1000 m. The objectives of the current study were 1) to compare vessel data and DTAG recordings to relate vessel traffic to the ambient noise tagged whales receive and 2) to utilize the vessel data to examine vessel behavior during whale watching and assess trends in vessel behavior over time. Vessel attributes found to be significant predictors of noise levels in the likelihood model, using all intervals of vessel and noise data, were length (inverse relationship), number of propellers, and vessel speed (however, R2 = 0.15). When intervals that only recorded the research vessel were excluded, the only significant predictor of noise levels in the likelihood model was vessel speed (R2 = 0.42). Average vessel speed and number of propellers per interval were the only significant correlates with noise levels using simple linear regression (i.e. ignoring other concurrent characteristics). Research, commercial whale watching, and private whale watching vessels increased their distance from observed whales over time. The occurrence of research and commercial whale watching vessels within 100 m of a tagged whale also significantly decreased over time. However, vessel speed (excluding research vessels) significantly increased over time for vessels at distances of 200 m and 400 m from whales. Compliance with the distance regulation has improved, even though distance was not a significant correlate with noise levels received by whales. Increases in vessel speed are a cause for concern since speed was the most important predictor of noise levels received by whales in this study. The information presented here may be useful to managers in assessing the effectiveness of current recovery efforts.
Download or read book Information in Support of the Identification of Critical Habitat for Transient Killer Whales Orcinus Orca Off the West Coast of Canada written by Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
