Download or read book Vertical Distribution of Olympia Oyster Ostrea Lurida Larvae in Fidalgo Bay WA written by Brooke A. McIntyre and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Restoring populations of native Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida) in the Salish Sea is ecologically and socially valuable. Olympia oysters disperse as planktonic larvae that control their depth with swimming and sinking behaviors, which can affect the currents that carry them and ultimately determine dispersal. Understanding larval dispersal patterns can help prioritize restoration efforts and establish a self-sustaining network of oyster populations in the region. The purpose of this study was to determine which factors (temperature, chlorophyll-a, larval size, current speed, tidal stage) influence the vertical distribution of Olympia oyster larvae in Fidalgo Bay, which is a Washington state priority restoration area. On four consecutive days in July 2017, we collected and analyzed Olympia oyster larvae from four depths over the tidal cycle in combination with temperature and chlorophyll-a measurements. We also measured current velocities profiles in the main channel. Mixed effects modelling results indicate that larvae were distributed significantly shallower when current speeds exceeded ~25 cm s-1 and were deeper when currents were below ~25 cm s-1, but it is unclear whether distribution was due to passive or active larval movement. If larvae were behaviorally controlling their depth, they did not distribute at depth-specific temperature or chlorophyll-a conditions. Larvae did not perform tidally-timed vertical migrations and it remains unclear whether larvae exhibited an ontogenetic vertical migration strategy. Fidalgo Bay does not exhibit a two-way flow or strong vertical shear, so Olympia oyster larval vertical distribution likely has little to no effect on their transport through the main channel of the bay. These results should not be generalized to other restoration areas due to the unique conditions of this location and the possibility of larval behavioral plasticity between distinct populations of Olympia oysters. Results can inform a Fidalgo Bay larval transport model to predict dispersal patterns and prioritize Olympia oyster restoration efforts.
Download or read book Response of Olympia Oysters Ostrea Lurida to Changing Environmental Conditions written by Jake Heare and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Olympia oyster is an iconic oyster species in the Pacific Northwest with special significance in Puget Sound, WA. Oyster populations in the region were decimated to historic lows during the 20th century due to a number of factors including overharvest, habitat loss, and invasive species. Restoration projects have seen limited success, likely due to the limited information on stock structure within Puget Sound, especially in regards to adaptive abilities and habitat suitability. Chapter one of this study investigates population related fitness measures (ie. mortality, growth, reproduction) within three resident populations from geographically isolated locations in Puget Sound. Using a reciprocal transplant experiment with Ostrea lurida populations from Fidalgo Bay, Dabob Bay, and Oyster Bay, we found that two of the three populations (Dabob Bay and Oyster Bay) express significant phenotypic signatures related to the population. Using this information we offer restoration strategies catered to population phenotypes in an effort to improve restoration projects in the Puget Sound. In Chapter two, we ran a thermal and mechanical stress experiment due to differences in mortality between populations observed in Chapter 1 to investigate expression of genes (via qPCR) related to survival. We found differences in expression related to gene transcription, which indicates possible phenotypic plasticity previously unknown in the study populations though further investigation is required.
Download or read book The Vertical Distribution of Oyster Larvae and Spat written by Robert John Kerr and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exploring Native Oyster Shell Microchemistry to Characterize Population Connectivity in Puget Sound WA written by Megan Elizabeth Hintz and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Olympia oysters (Ostrea lurida), a species of concern in Washington State, have failed to fully recover after both overexploitation and environmental degradation. State agencies, tribal nations, and environmental groups in Washington have made it a priority to restore O. lurida because they are the only native oyster on the west coast of North America and provide key habitat and ecosystem services to the Puget Sound. Despite this interest, our understanding of O. lurida larval dispersal patterns remains limited. The early life stage of Olympia oysters play a key role in their restoration because it is the only time when they can disperse to other populations. While being brooded, Olympia oyster larvae incorporate trace elements present in estuarine waters into their shell, creating a chemical “signature” of their natal site before release and dispersal providing a way to track their larval connectivity patterns. However, collecting brooded larvae from a species undergoing restoration efforts poses procedural challenges because it traditionally requires sacrificing significant numbers of adults to find enough reproductive females. The first objective of this study, therefore, was to develop a non-lethal sampling approach to collect brooded larvae. Exposure to magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) was assessed in lab trials as an anesthetization method to allow for the non-lethal collection of brooded Olympia oyster larvae. In the field, over 14,000 oysters were then anesthetized to assess reproductive status and validate the procedure. The anesthetization method of 45 min air exposure followed by 45 min submersion in 100 g/L MgSO4 was found to have a success rate > 80% in the field. This anesthesia method for O. lurida allows for non-lethal sampling of assessing reproductive status and collection of brooding larvae, as well as for obtaining tissues for genetic analysis, biopsy for diseases. The second objective of this work was to determine the viability of elemental fingerprinting for tracking larval dispersal patterns of O. lurida. With the use of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), the provenance signatures of larvae and recruits can be compared, and potentially matched, to signatures of source populations. Unique elemental fingerprints of O. lurida larval shells were found in three regions in Puget Sound. This provides an approach to quantifying larval dispersal that can be used to determine the extent to which these O. lurida populations self-seed, seed other sites, and exchange larvae with other populations.
Download or read book Effects of Temperature Salinity and Food Stress on Larval Growth and Development in the Olympia Oyster Ostrea Lurida written by Alicia Rippington and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ostrea lurida Carpenter 1864 is the only native oyster on the western North American coast, but it is functionally extinct in most of its historic range. Knowledge of environmental tolerances during larval development of O. lurida is minimal, which limits recovery strategies for this listed "species of special concern" (Species At Risk Act). The effects of rearing temperature (13, 17, 21°C), salinity (11, 15, 21, 24, 30, 31 psu) and food concentration (5x103, 1x104 and 5x104 algal cells/ml) on larval growth and development were investigated. Larvae were obtained from laboratory conditioned adults from Ladysmith Harbour, and the Gorge Waterway on Vancouver Island BC.
Download or read book An Identification Guide to the Larval Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest written by Alan L. Shanks and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of larval invertebrates is a vital and growing field in contemporary marine science. The key ecological role of larvae in determining adult population sizes has been recognized for decades and has inspired extensive research. This volume, the first of its kind, is an identification guide to the planktonic larvae of shallow subtidal and intertidal invertebrates common to the Pacific Northwest coast.Each chapter provides a brief background to the larval biology of an invertebrate group; keys, drawings, and descriptions for the identification of larvae; a list of the species present in the Pacific Northwest; and a reference section. The geographic range covered is roughly from southeast Alaska to northern California; however many of the species are found along the entire coast of California, as far south as Baja California.An essential reference for anyone attempting to identify larval invertebrates from zooplankton samples, this working manual is intended for students as well as scientists and researchers. It offers an important new resource for marine biologists, biological oceanographers, marine and intertidal ecologists, and especially larval biologists.
Download or read book The Ecology of Intertidal Oyster Reefs of the South Atlantic Coast written by Leonard M. Bahr and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Living Shore written by Rowan Jacobsen and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1990s, a marine scientist named Brian Kingzett was commissioned to survey Canada's western coast. He saw amazing sights, from the wildest, most breathtaking coasts to the smallest of marine creatures. Along the western side of Vancouver Island, Kingzett nosed into an isolated pocket beach where he found something unusual. Amid the mussels, barnacles, and clams were round oysters-Olympias. Kingzett noted their presence and paddled on. A decade later when he met Betsy Peabody, executive director of the Puget Sound Restoration Fund (PSRF), he learned that this once ubiquitous native oyster was in steep decline, and he knew that together they would return to this remote spot. Rowan Jacobsen, along with Kingzett, Peabody, and a small group of scientists from PSRF and the Nature Conservancy, set out last July to see if the Olys were still surviving-and if they were, what they could learn from them. The goal: to use their pristine natural beds, which have probably been around for millennia, as blueprints for the habitat restoration efforts in Puget Sound. The implications are vast. If Peabody and her team can bring good health back to Puget Sound by restoring the intertidal zones-the areas of land exposed during low tide and submerged during high tide, where oysters live-their research could serve as a model for saving the world's oceans. During a time when the fate of the oceans seems uncertain, Rowan Jacobsen has found hope in the form of a small shelled creature living in the lost world where all life began.
Download or read book Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates of the Northern Pacific Coast written by Megumi F. Strathmann and published by Seattle : University of Washington Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference work is designed to provide background information on an array of northeastern Pacific marine invertebrate species so that they can be more easily included in comparative studies of morphology, cell biology, reproduction, embryology, larval biology, and ecology. It is meant to serve biologists who are new to the field as well as experienced investigators who may not be familiar with the invertebrate fauna of the northern Pacific Coast. The species discussed in this volume are mostly from the cold temperate waters of the San Juan Archipelago, near Puget SOund and the Strait of Georgia, but the information and methods given will be useful in laboratories from Alaska to central California and applicable to some extend in other coastal or inland facilities. An introductory chapter discusses basic prodcedures for collecting and maintaining mature specimens, for initiating spawning, and for culturing embryos and larvae in the laboratory. Subsequent chapters summarize reproduction and development in thirty different invertebrate groups and provided ercent references through which additional information can be traced, cite monographs or keys needed to identify species, and give methods useful for studying an array of selected species. Available information on habitat, diet, reproductive mode, egg size, developmental pattern, developmental times, larval type, and conditions for settlement and metamorphosis is reported for over 450 species.
Download or read book Scientific Investigations Report written by Sharon E. Kroening and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Eastern Oyster written by Victor S. Kennedy and published by University of Maryland Sea Grant Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1966 Congress passed the National Sea Grant College Program Act to promote marine research, education, and extension services in institutions along the nation's ocean and Great Lakes coasts. In Maryland a Sea Grant Program -- a partnership among federal and state governments, universities, and industries -- began in 1977, and in 1982 the University of Maryland was named the nation's seventeenth Sea Grant College. The Maryland Sea Grant College focuses its efforts on the Chesapeake Bay, with emphasis on the marine concerns of fisheries, seafood technology, and environmental quality. The first comprehensive review of the biology of the eastern oyster in more than thirty years. The twenty-one chapters synthesize every aspect of oyster biology -- for instance, general anatomy, physiology, the circulatory system, reproduction, genetics, diseases -- and issues related to management and aquaculture.
Download or read book Ecosystem Engineers written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-09-21 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book entirely devoted to this topic, Ecosystem Engineers begins with the history of the concept, presenting opposing definitions of ecosystem engineeing. These varied definitions advance the debate and move past trivial difficulties to crystallize key issues such as the value of process-based vs. outcome-based. Authors include case studies spanning a wide spectrum of species and habitats, including above and below-ground, aquatic and terrestrial, and extant and paleontological examples. These studies enable readers to understand how the categorization of species as ecosystem engineers allows scientists to forge new explanatory generalizations. Key for all ecologists and environmentalists, this book ultimately illustrates how to inform and manage natural resources. The only consolidated treatment available Provides definitions, case studies, and examples of ecological models Discusses how ecosystem engineering can inform and improve the management of natural resources Includes contributions from Clive Jones, the leading figure in the development of the ecosystem engineer concept, and many other eminent ecologists, such as Alan Hastings
Download or read book Restoration Guidelines for Shellfish Reefs written by Simon Branigan and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The restoration of habitat has become a priority for many citizens and governments as the ecological and societal benefits of these habitats have been become more widely recognised. This publication is intended to provide foundational information to serve as a useful starting pointfor shellfish reef restoration.
Download or read book California s Living Marine Resources written by William S. Leet and published by University Of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources; Califorinia Sea Grant. This book was released on 2001 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 592-page spiral-bound reference provides a baseline of information for all those involved with managing living marine resources in California and chronicles changes that have occurred in many of the state’s fisheries. Organized by marine ecosystems: bays and estuaries, nearshore and offshore. Includes illustrated species descriptions with details of biological knowledge, fishery history, landings data, population status and references. Also includes sections on marine birds and mammals and appendices containing management considerations (by species), a glossary of technical terms and acronyms and fishing gear illustrations. Jointly produced by the California Sea Grant Extension Program and the California Department of Fish and Game following the passage of the Marine Life Protection Act in January 1999.
Download or read book Planning for Protection written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Diversity written by Michael A. Huston and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-09-15 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The key to preserving and managing biodiversity is understanding which processes are important at different scales, and how changes affect different components of biodiversity. In this book, existing theories on diversity are synthesised into a logical framework. Global and landscape-scale patterns of biodiversity are described in the first section. In the second, the spatial and temporal dynamics of diversity are emphasised. The third section develops an integrated set of mechanistic explanations for diversity patterns at the levels of population, community, ecosystem and landscape. Finally, case studies examine diversity patterns in marine and terrestrial ecosystems and the effects of biological invasions. The book concludes with a discussion of the economics of preserving biological diversity. This book will interest research workers and students of ecology, biology and conservation.
Download or read book Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration written by Thomas J. Goreau and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-04 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration offers a ray of hope in an increasingly gloomy scenario. This book is the first presentation of revolutionary new methods for restoring damaged marine ecosystems. It discusses new techniques for greatly increasing the recruitment, growth, survival, and resistance to stress of marine ecosystems, fis
